Dialectical Behaviour (DBT) Therapists in Burgundy Estate

Photo of Philip Jean du Toit, Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Philip Jean du Toit
Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
Serves Area
My ideal client is usually someone needing professional help for the first time and is hesitant to take that first step. Their needs, issues and goals are usually themselves, their partner, their kids or life in general.
My ideal client is usually someone needing professional help for the first time and is hesitant to take that first step. Their needs, issues and goals are usually themselves, their partner, their kids or life in general.
087 250 0160 x71 View 087 250 0160 x71
Photo of Rukaya Smith - Rukaya Smith - Conscious Cove, General Counsellor, ASCHP Wellness Counsellor
Rukaya Smith - Conscious Cove
General Counsellor, ASCHP Wellness Counsellor
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I understand that life can feel overwhelming, especially when you’re dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, or stress. My goal is to create a safe, supportive space where you can explore these challenges without judgment. Together, we’ll work to understand the root of your struggles and find clarity in chaos. What sets me apart is my deep empathy and personalized approach. I tailor each session to meet your unique needs. You’ll never feel like just another client—each session is designed to help you heal, grow, and regain control over your life.
I understand that life can feel overwhelming, especially when you’re dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, or stress. My goal is to create a safe, supportive space where you can explore these challenges without judgment. Together, we’ll work to understand the root of your struggles and find clarity in chaos. What sets me apart is my deep empathy and personalized approach. I tailor each session to meet your unique needs. You’ll never feel like just another client—each session is designed to help you heal, grow, and regain control over your life.
View

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Sonja Pasche, Psychologist, PhD, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Sonja Pasche
Psychologist, PhD, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Claremont 7708
Waitlist for new clients
I draw on elements of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), dialectical behaviour therapy ( DBT) and mindfulness, tailoring therapy to the client.
I aim to provide a supportive, empathic space where we can think about and explore your concerns together. I am guided by my clients’ needs and practical constraints, providing both shorter and longer-term therapies.
I draw on elements of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), dialectical behaviour therapy ( DBT) and mindfulness, tailoring therapy to the client.
I aim to provide a supportive, empathic space where we can think about and explore your concerns together. I am guided by my clients’ needs and practical constraints, providing both shorter and longer-term therapies.
087 250 0536 x73 View 087 250 0536 x73
Photo of Letitia Williams, Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Letitia Williams
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Claremont 7708
My clinical approach is based on an integrative Schema Therapy framework, harmonizing various therapeutic modalities like CBT and DBT, tailored to each individual's needs, empowering self-understanding and effective navigation of life's challenges.
I'm Letitia Williams, a registered Counselling Psychologist in Claremont, Cape Town. Welcome to a space where psychological well-being is paramount. My aim is to provide clients, regardless of their background, with the support and guidance needed to conquer the diverse challenges life presents. I believe in equipping clients with essential skills and strategies that not only aid in overcoming these hurdles but also foster emotional growth and resilience. By tailoring the therapeutic approach to each client’s unique needs and aspirations, we work collaboratively to pave the way towards a well-rounded and resilient life.
My clinical approach is based on an integrative Schema Therapy framework, harmonizing various therapeutic modalities like CBT and DBT, tailored to each individual's needs, empowering self-understanding and effective navigation of life's challenges.
I'm Letitia Williams, a registered Counselling Psychologist in Claremont, Cape Town. Welcome to a space where psychological well-being is paramount. My aim is to provide clients, regardless of their background, with the support and guidance needed to conquer the diverse challenges life presents. I believe in equipping clients with essential skills and strategies that not only aid in overcoming these hurdles but also foster emotional growth and resilience. By tailoring the therapeutic approach to each client’s unique needs and aspirations, we work collaboratively to pave the way towards a well-rounded and resilient life.
087 250 0513 x67 View 087 250 0513 x67
Photo of Blythe Brigg, General Counsellor, BSocSci Hons
Blythe Brigg
General Counsellor, BSocSci Hons
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
I draw on a variety of modalities including DBT, CBT, Positive Psychology, Trauma Work, and creative therapies.
Hi, I’m Blythe – a Specialist Wellness Counsellor (ASCHP) with a B.Soc.Sc (Hons) in Psychology and a passion for supporting people through life’s messy, meaningful moments. If you’re feeling burnt out, anxious, disconnected, or weighed down by past or present experiences, you’re not alone – and you don’t have to stay stuck or weighed down. I offer a person-centred space where you can explore what’s really going on, reconnect with yourself, and find practical tools that make everyday life feel more manageable and more you. No cookie-cutter therapy here. Just real, personalized support – for the real you.
I draw on a variety of modalities including DBT, CBT, Positive Psychology, Trauma Work, and creative therapies.
Hi, I’m Blythe – a Specialist Wellness Counsellor (ASCHP) with a B.Soc.Sc (Hons) in Psychology and a passion for supporting people through life’s messy, meaningful moments. If you’re feeling burnt out, anxious, disconnected, or weighed down by past or present experiences, you’re not alone – and you don’t have to stay stuck or weighed down. I offer a person-centred space where you can explore what’s really going on, reconnect with yourself, and find practical tools that make everyday life feel more manageable and more you. No cookie-cutter therapy here. Just real, personalized support – for the real you.
060 756 1843 View 060 756 1843
Photo of Monica Hurn, General Counsellor, BSocSci Hons
Monica Hurn
General Counsellor, BSocSci Hons
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
DBT is very useful because it helps us explore how our thoughts, emotions and behaviours influence one another, but also how to regulate our emotions in order to prevent harmful or destructive behaviours.
Are you experiencing anxiety or panic attacks, ranging from general anxiety which you can't pinpoint, to full on attacks that make you feel as though you are dying? Do you have relationship issues with a family member or loved one, so you feel unappreciated or disrespected? Are you feeling overwhelmed and confused, or perhaps you question decisions you made? Does an incident in your past prevent you from moving forward? Do you feel intimidated by life in general, or by the people around you? Are you experiencing burnout and you don't know where to turn? I can help you!
DBT is very useful because it helps us explore how our thoughts, emotions and behaviours influence one another, but also how to regulate our emotions in order to prevent harmful or destructive behaviours.
Are you experiencing anxiety or panic attacks, ranging from general anxiety which you can't pinpoint, to full on attacks that make you feel as though you are dying? Do you have relationship issues with a family member or loved one, so you feel unappreciated or disrespected? Are you feeling overwhelmed and confused, or perhaps you question decisions you made? Does an incident in your past prevent you from moving forward? Do you feel intimidated by life in general, or by the people around you? Are you experiencing burnout and you don't know where to turn? I can help you!
087 250 0914 x24 View 087 250 0914 x24
Photo of Alex Moses, Occupational Therapist
Alex Moses
Occupational Therapist
Verified Verified
Plumstead 7801
I make use of DBT and CBT modalities with a functional approach, so that individuals can start the process of becoming aware of how unconscious patterns of thinking, feeling and behavior affects their present lives.
Therapy may feel like a big step towards improving our mental health, so congratulations on wanting to take the first step! The goal of therapy is to alleviate emotional distress through insight into ourselves and others. Occupational therapy promotes mental health and well-being through occupation. Occupations include things you need to, want to and are expected to do. Occupational therapy will help: If the daily challenges of life feel overwhelming, if you’ve just experienced a major life change and need help adjusting to a 'new normal', or if you’ve just completed inpatient or primary treatment and are wondering "what next?"
I make use of DBT and CBT modalities with a functional approach, so that individuals can start the process of becoming aware of how unconscious patterns of thinking, feeling and behavior affects their present lives.
Therapy may feel like a big step towards improving our mental health, so congratulations on wanting to take the first step! The goal of therapy is to alleviate emotional distress through insight into ourselves and others. Occupational therapy promotes mental health and well-being through occupation. Occupations include things you need to, want to and are expected to do. Occupational therapy will help: If the daily challenges of life feel overwhelming, if you’ve just experienced a major life change and need help adjusting to a 'new normal', or if you’ve just completed inpatient or primary treatment and are wondering "what next?"
087 250 2148 x19 View 087 250 2148 x19
Photo of Jemma Kahn, General Counsellor, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor
Jemma Kahn
General Counsellor, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor
Verified Verified
In both individual and couple work I offer DBT informed counselling, providing tools for a client to regulate their stress beyond the counselling hour.
I work with couples and individuals. Often people seek counselling during significant life changes or as they struggle with identity (how others perceive you vs. how you perceive yourself). Rather than complex interpretation, I offer safe, honest and productive conversation that hopefully leads to less confusion and worry and a better understanding of yourself. Couples may arrive at counselling when they sense a troubling distance growing between them or they are fighting non-stop and can't work out how to change their dynamic. I aim to help you notice where you most often get stuck, and provide tools to improve communication.
In both individual and couple work I offer DBT informed counselling, providing tools for a client to regulate their stress beyond the counselling hour.
I work with couples and individuals. Often people seek counselling during significant life changes or as they struggle with identity (how others perceive you vs. how you perceive yourself). Rather than complex interpretation, I offer safe, honest and productive conversation that hopefully leads to less confusion and worry and a better understanding of yourself. Couples may arrive at counselling when they sense a troubling distance growing between them or they are fighting non-stop and can't work out how to change their dynamic. I aim to help you notice where you most often get stuck, and provide tools to improve communication.
087 250 2464 x60 View 087 250 2464 x60
Photo of Cerise Rabie, Psychologist, MPsych, HPCSA - Ed. Psych.
Cerise Rabie
Psychologist, MPsych, HPCSA - Ed. Psych.
Verified Verified
Pinelands 7405
As an Educational Psychologist, I offer evidence-based, child-centred therapy using play, CBT, DBT, sand play, creative techniques, Narrative Therapy and more.
You may be feeling overwhelmed, worried about your child or teen’s emotional wellbeing, or unsure how to support them through anxiety, grief, trauma, learning difficulties, or behavioural challenges. Perhaps your child is neurodiverse and struggling to cope in school or social settings. You’re looking for understanding, guidance, and practical strategies to help them thrive. Whether it’s emotional regulation, confidence, academic support, or adjusting to life changes - your goal is to see them happy, capable, and resilient.
As an Educational Psychologist, I offer evidence-based, child-centred therapy using play, CBT, DBT, sand play, creative techniques, Narrative Therapy and more.
You may be feeling overwhelmed, worried about your child or teen’s emotional wellbeing, or unsure how to support them through anxiety, grief, trauma, learning difficulties, or behavioural challenges. Perhaps your child is neurodiverse and struggling to cope in school or social settings. You’re looking for understanding, guidance, and practical strategies to help them thrive. Whether it’s emotional regulation, confidence, academic support, or adjusting to life changes - your goal is to see them happy, capable, and resilient.
087 250 3069 x29 View 087 250 3069 x29
Photo of Robyn Jane Wolff - private, Registered Counsellor
private
Registered Counsellor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
I like to use DBT and trauma informed sensitivity from a mindfulness perspective.
As a dedicated and compassionate person, I bring a unique and transformative, evidence based focus on trauma recovery through the lens of mindfulness . My journey in the mental health profession has been shaped by a deep understanding of the profound impact that trauma can have on individuals , and my commitment to provide holistic and empowering support . My professional foundation is built on a solid 14 year academic background , having earned my bachelor of psychology degree and a post grad in mindfulness from Stellnbosch faculty of family medicine.
I like to use DBT and trauma informed sensitivity from a mindfulness perspective.
As a dedicated and compassionate person, I bring a unique and transformative, evidence based focus on trauma recovery through the lens of mindfulness . My journey in the mental health profession has been shaped by a deep understanding of the profound impact that trauma can have on individuals , and my commitment to provide holistic and empowering support . My professional foundation is built on a solid 14 year academic background , having earned my bachelor of psychology degree and a post grad in mindfulness from Stellnbosch faculty of family medicine.
087 250 2477 x45 View 087 250 2477 x45
Photo of Cameron McDermott, Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Cameron McDermott
Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
Grounded in the principles of Dialectical Behavior Therapy ( DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), as well as development.
My clients often face challenges such as symptoms of anxiety, addiction, or a lack of purpose. They need support in understanding their emotions, building resilience, and developing healthier coping mechanisms. Their goals typically include achieving balance, healing relationships, and finding fulfillment. I provide pragmatic suggestions and focus on skill-building to empower them with tools for long-term growth and stability, helping them improve their quality of life and create meaningful change.
Grounded in the principles of Dialectical Behavior Therapy ( DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), as well as development.
My clients often face challenges such as symptoms of anxiety, addiction, or a lack of purpose. They need support in understanding their emotions, building resilience, and developing healthier coping mechanisms. Their goals typically include achieving balance, healing relationships, and finding fulfillment. I provide pragmatic suggestions and focus on skill-building to empower them with tools for long-term growth and stability, helping them improve their quality of life and create meaningful change.
087 250 2748 x19 View 087 250 2748 x19
Photo of Rafiequa Saban, Registered Counsellor
Rafiequa Saban
Registered Counsellor
Verified Verified
My counselling approach combines person-centred principles with practical skills from CBT and DBT, empowering clients to apply what they learn in their daily lives.
My experience primarily focuses on substances and process addictions, but I also assist individuals with anxiety, depression, and self-esteem issues, providing insight-driven support. With warmth and empathy, I create a safe and connected space for clients to explore their challenges and foster personal growth.
My counselling approach combines person-centred principles with practical skills from CBT and DBT, empowering clients to apply what they learn in their daily lives.
My experience primarily focuses on substances and process addictions, but I also assist individuals with anxiety, depression, and self-esteem issues, providing insight-driven support. With warmth and empathy, I create a safe and connected space for clients to explore their challenges and foster personal growth.
087 250 2293 x77 View 087 250 2293 x77
Photo of Nomalunga Citwa, Psychologist, MPsych, HPCSA - Ed. Psych.
Nomalunga Citwa
Psychologist, MPsych, HPCSA - Ed. Psych.
Verified Verified
N1 City 7460
Anxiety and Depression I use CBT, and Trauma I use DBT.
I am a registered Educational Psychologist with HPCSA and BHF. I specialise in working with children, Adolescents and young adults. I specialise in assessments and therapeutic work with children and their families. Areas of my psychological expertise are: Psycho-educational assessments, Career assessments, Subject choices assessments, School readiness assessments, Play therapy. Therapy /Counselling in both English and Xhosa. I also do workshops, talks, parental guidance and support. I also do assessments for Concessions/ Assessment Accommodations.
Anxiety and Depression I use CBT, and Trauma I use DBT.
I am a registered Educational Psychologist with HPCSA and BHF. I specialise in working with children, Adolescents and young adults. I specialise in assessments and therapeutic work with children and their families. Areas of my psychological expertise are: Psycho-educational assessments, Career assessments, Subject choices assessments, School readiness assessments, Play therapy. Therapy /Counselling in both English and Xhosa. I also do workshops, talks, parental guidance and support. I also do assessments for Concessions/ Assessment Accommodations.
087 250 0162 x96 View 087 250 0162 x96
Photo of Alexa Jane Scher, Psychologist, MSocSci, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Alexa Jane Scher
Psychologist, MSocSci, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Online Only
I draw on multiple theoretical frameworks (CBT, ACT & DBT) to suit my client's needs & the therapeutic relationship.
I enjoy engaging with people from all walks of life. I've worked with clients from a diverse range of settings - from townships & rural clinics, to psychiatric facilities & now private practice. Life can be incredibly overwhelming, which is why it's crucial to find a supportive space to let it all out & find healthy, effective ways to cope. If you're wanting to learn more about yourself & how to promote your mental health, needing practical skills to improve your relationships, mindfulness skills to deal with your thoughts or ways to manage emotions, so that you're in control - look no further! I'm only working online at the moment.
I draw on multiple theoretical frameworks (CBT, ACT & DBT) to suit my client's needs & the therapeutic relationship.
I enjoy engaging with people from all walks of life. I've worked with clients from a diverse range of settings - from townships & rural clinics, to psychiatric facilities & now private practice. Life can be incredibly overwhelming, which is why it's crucial to find a supportive space to let it all out & find healthy, effective ways to cope. If you're wanting to learn more about yourself & how to promote your mental health, needing practical skills to improve your relationships, mindfulness skills to deal with your thoughts or ways to manage emotions, so that you're in control - look no further! I'm only working online at the moment.
087 250 2389 x67 View 087 250 2389 x67
Photo of Candice Wakelin, Psychologist, MPsych, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Candice Wakelin
Psychologist, MPsych, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Gardens 8001
I typically work from a CBT or DBT approach whilst sometimes working psychodynamically- depending on the needs of the client.
My name is Candice, I am a Clinical Psychologist and I enjoy working with personality, mood and anxiety disorders. Whether it be with children, adolescents or adults.
I typically work from a CBT or DBT approach whilst sometimes working psychodynamically- depending on the needs of the client.
My name is Candice, I am a Clinical Psychologist and I enjoy working with personality, mood and anxiety disorders. Whether it be with children, adolescents or adults.
087 250 0412 x26 View 087 250 0412 x26
Photo of Rona Linde, Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Rona Linde
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Bellville 7530
CBT and DBT provide strategies for longer term relief and successful management of difficulties.
I grew up in Cape Town and have been fortunate to live and work in Germany, Ireland and New Zealand. My approach is trauma informed, collaborative and strength enhancing using CBT, DBT informed & ACT interventions. After more than 27 years in the therapy space I remain passionate about providing safe, ethical practice which empowers and reinforces hope.
CBT and DBT provide strategies for longer term relief and successful management of difficulties.
I grew up in Cape Town and have been fortunate to live and work in Germany, Ireland and New Zealand. My approach is trauma informed, collaborative and strength enhancing using CBT, DBT informed & ACT interventions. After more than 27 years in the therapy space I remain passionate about providing safe, ethical practice which empowers and reinforces hope.
087 250 2148 x57 View 087 250 2148 x57
Photo of Sean Friedman, Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Sean Friedman
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Sea Point 8060
This includes CBT, DBT, ACT, ERP, and Behavioural Activation.
I work especially in the treatment and assessment of adult ADHD, anxiety disorders (OCD, social phobia, and panic attacks), chronic depression, and complex PTSD.
This includes CBT, DBT, ACT, ERP, and Behavioural Activation.
I work especially in the treatment and assessment of adult ADHD, anxiety disorders (OCD, social phobia, and panic attacks), chronic depression, and complex PTSD.
076 722 2123 View 076 722 2123
Photo of Daniel Rabinowitz - Cape Town Psychologists, Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Cape Town Psychologists
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Sea Point 8005
We offer treatments such as DBT* to treat erratic mood swings, depression, anxiety, self-harming behaviour (e.
At Cape Town Psychologists, we strive to provide world-class psychological support and care. Are you having difficulty surviving a crisis? Are you riding an emotional roller-coaster? Are you struggling with intense or erratic emotions? Phobias? Hopelessness? Addictions? We are a team of responsible practitioners who want to help you be the best person you can be. Our Team consists of a clinical psychologists, counselling psychologists, neuropsychologists, and a social worker. We offer a diverse range of services including individual and group therapy and psychometric assessments.
We offer treatments such as DBT* to treat erratic mood swings, depression, anxiety, self-harming behaviour (e.
At Cape Town Psychologists, we strive to provide world-class psychological support and care. Are you having difficulty surviving a crisis? Are you riding an emotional roller-coaster? Are you struggling with intense or erratic emotions? Phobias? Hopelessness? Addictions? We are a team of responsible practitioners who want to help you be the best person you can be. Our Team consists of a clinical psychologists, counselling psychologists, neuropsychologists, and a social worker. We offer a diverse range of services including individual and group therapy and psychometric assessments.
087 250 0513 x99 View 087 250 0513 x99
Photo of Martin Dutton, Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Martin Dutton
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
My therapeutic approach mainly draws initially from Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Insight-Oriented and Psychodynamic psychotherapy, and Dialectical Behaviour Therapy ( DBT).
My stance on psychotherapy is to create a non-judgmental environment in which you can safely explore your difficulties and vulnerabilities and address your challenges in the sessions while feeling contained within the therapeutic space. I believe in working authentically and collaboratively with you to help you achieve your therapeutic goals.
My therapeutic approach mainly draws initially from Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Insight-Oriented and Psychodynamic psychotherapy, and Dialectical Behaviour Therapy ( DBT).
My stance on psychotherapy is to create a non-judgmental environment in which you can safely explore your difficulties and vulnerabilities and address your challenges in the sessions while feeling contained within the therapeutic space. I believe in working authentically and collaboratively with you to help you achieve your therapeutic goals.
087 250 2464 x10 View 087 250 2464 x10
Photo of Sarah Silber, Psychologist, MPsych, HPCSA - Ed. Psych.
Sarah Silber
Psychologist, MPsych, HPCSA - Ed. Psych.
Verified Verified
I incorporate therapies like DBT, CBT, and art therapy, ensuring a personalised and supportive experience focused on their strengths.
My ideal client is a child or teen struggling with emotional regulation, anxiety, social challenges, or school difficulties. They may feel overwhelmed or misunderstood and are looking for support to manage emotions, improve relationships, and succeed academically. Whether they have a diagnosis like ADHD or Autism, or are navigating these challenges without a label, they need a safe space to feel seen, heard, and empowered. Their goal is to gain practical tools and build confidence so they can thrive at home, in school, and in their social world.
I incorporate therapies like DBT, CBT, and art therapy, ensuring a personalised and supportive experience focused on their strengths.
My ideal client is a child or teen struggling with emotional regulation, anxiety, social challenges, or school difficulties. They may feel overwhelmed or misunderstood and are looking for support to manage emotions, improve relationships, and succeed academically. Whether they have a diagnosis like ADHD or Autism, or are navigating these challenges without a label, they need a safe space to feel seen, heard, and empowered. Their goal is to gain practical tools and build confidence so they can thrive at home, in school, and in their social world.
View
Dialectical Behaviour (DBT) Counsellors

Who is DBT for?

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) is designed for people who experience extreme emotional suffering because they lack the skills of emotion regulation and distress tolerance. The basic affliction can underlie a wide range of conditions, from borderline and other personality disorders to PTSD and treatment-resistant anxiety and depression. The therapy is helpful to those whose emotional reactivity is so intense it is disruptive to everyday functioning and leads to frequent crises.

Why do people need DBT?

The ability to regulate emotions is a core psychological skill that enables people to function in life and pay attention to the world outside themselves; it is consistently associated with well-being. DBT is designed to help people learn how to manage and regulate their emotions. Originally developed to treat people with borderline personality disorder whose extreme emotional suffering led to self-harming behaviour and suicide attempts, the therapy is now applied to other conditions involving emotion dysregulation, particularly when other treatments have failed.

What happens in DBT?

Individuals meet weekly with their therapist to discuss their experiences relating to moods, behaviour, and skills. Using checklists they maintain, they review emotional experiences and positive practices they engage in. The diaries help individuals discern what led up to a specific problem encountered, this is followed by discussion of the consequences of their actions. In addition, individuals may meet in class-like small groups to learn skills such as mindfulness, emotion regulation and distress tolerance.

How long does DBT last?

Because it is intended to establish long-lasting behavioural change among those with persistent problems, DBT is designed to last six months to a year. DBT includes both weekly sessions of individual therapy and weekly skills-training sessions conducted in small groups. Studies of DBT have documented improvement within a year of treatment, particularly in controlling self-harmful behaviour; nevertheless, individuals may require therapy for several years.