Anxiety Therapists in Pretoria

Photo of Lerato Mabelebele (Matsunyane), MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Lerato Mabelebele (Matsunyane)
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Pretoria 0002
My areas of interest include anxiety & depressive disorders, bereavement, adjustment difficulties, relationship difficulties, trauma, student support, and career guidance.
I am a Counselling Psychologist with a passion for human relationships and supporting people. I am devoted to promoting the mental health of others and empowering them to lead meaningful and fulfilling lives. It is deeply fulfilling for me to witness people thrive and grow personally. I feel privileged to experience and to have the opportunity to provide a safe, holding space for people to share in their joys and achievements but also collaborate with them to explore aspects of themselves and resolve their challenges.
My areas of interest include anxiety & depressive disorders, bereavement, adjustment difficulties, relationship difficulties, trauma, student support, and career guidance.
I am a Counselling Psychologist with a passion for human relationships and supporting people. I am devoted to promoting the mental health of others and empowering them to lead meaningful and fulfilling lives. It is deeply fulfilling for me to witness people thrive and grow personally. I feel privileged to experience and to have the opportunity to provide a safe, holding space for people to share in their joys and achievements but also collaborate with them to explore aspects of themselves and resolve their challenges.
087 250 2748 x48 View 087 250 2748 x48
Photo of Rahila Waka, MA, General Counsellor
Rahila Waka
General Counsellor, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pretoria 0084  (Online Only)
Life is filled with ups and downs that leave us feeling lost or overwhelmed. If you struggle with difficult emotions, anxiety, depression, or relationship issues, know that you're not alone. I offer a warm and welcoming space, rooted in compassion and understanding, where you can share your story without fear of judgment. I understand that reaching out for help can be daunting, but know that you're taking a courageous step toward healing and growth. Using DBT, CBT & Person-certred therapy - we'll embark on a journey of self-discovery and resilience, where your feelings are honored and your experiences are met with empathy.
Life is filled with ups and downs that leave us feeling lost or overwhelmed. If you struggle with difficult emotions, anxiety, depression, or relationship issues, know that you're not alone. I offer a warm and welcoming space, rooted in compassion and understanding, where you can share your story without fear of judgment. I understand that reaching out for help can be daunting, but know that you're taking a courageous step toward healing and growth. Using DBT, CBT & Person-certred therapy - we'll embark on a journey of self-discovery and resilience, where your feelings are honored and your experiences are met with empathy.
072 997 6743 View 072 997 6743
Photo of Franchele Heiberg, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Franchele Heiberg
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Pretoria 0084
My areas of interest include: Interpersonal/Relational Difficulties, Mood (Depression/ Anxiety/Bipolar), Trauma, Eating Disorders, Bariatric Patients, Challenges specific to Adolescence, Stress and Burnout, LGBTQI+ Challenges, Personality, and Addiction.
I am a Clinical Psychologist registered as an independent practitioner with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). I have been in full time private practice since 2019. In private practice, I predominantly offer individual therapy to adults and teenagers (from 12+ years) who struggle with their mental well-being. In addition, I offer a range of psychological assessments covering emotional and personality functioning, as well as psychopathology.
My areas of interest include: Interpersonal/Relational Difficulties, Mood (Depression/ Anxiety/Bipolar), Trauma, Eating Disorders, Bariatric Patients, Challenges specific to Adolescence, Stress and Burnout, LGBTQI+ Challenges, Personality, and Addiction.
I am a Clinical Psychologist registered as an independent practitioner with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). I have been in full time private practice since 2019. In private practice, I predominantly offer individual therapy to adults and teenagers (from 12+ years) who struggle with their mental well-being. In addition, I offer a range of psychological assessments covering emotional and personality functioning, as well as psychopathology.
087 250 2042 x73 View 087 250 2042 x73
Photo of Tracy Tshilidzi Marokane, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Tracy Tshilidzi Marokane
Psychologist, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pretoria 0002
I focus more on issues that include depression, anxiety, grief/loss, behavioral problems, ADHD, developmental challenges, personality disorders, and couples therapy.
As a clinical psychologist, my role is to assess, diagnose and facilitate a healing/treatment process for people who are struggling with personal challenges and mental health conditions that are causing psychological distress. My approach involves using an evidence-based integrative approach, which is a progressive form of psychotherapy that combines different therapeutic tools to fit the unique needs of my clients/patients.
I focus more on issues that include depression, anxiety, grief/loss, behavioral problems, ADHD, developmental challenges, personality disorders, and couples therapy.
As a clinical psychologist, my role is to assess, diagnose and facilitate a healing/treatment process for people who are struggling with personal challenges and mental health conditions that are causing psychological distress. My approach involves using an evidence-based integrative approach, which is a progressive form of psychotherapy that combines different therapeutic tools to fit the unique needs of my clients/patients.
087 250 2748 x68 View 087 250 2748 x68
Photo of Albé Fourie - Dr Albé Fourie Psychologist, PhD, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Albé Fourie Psychologist
Psychologist, PhD, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Pretoria 0184
Clients come for therapy due to unresolved trauma presenting with symptoms such as anxiety, stress, insomnia, irritability and frustration. Clients want to be able to live a fulfilled live where they can be themselves and become more of who they are meant to be.
Clients come for therapy due to unresolved trauma presenting with symptoms such as anxiety, stress, insomnia, irritability and frustration. Clients want to be able to live a fulfilled live where they can be themselves and become more of who they are meant to be.
087 250 0914 x18 View 087 250 0914 x18
Photo of Manuela Lopes, MSc, General Counsellor
Manuela Lopes
General Counsellor, MSc
Verified Verified
Pretoria 0002
Struggling with trauma, depression, anxiety, or internal conflict can leave you feeling confused, fatigued, numb, and unmotivated, leading to self-sabotage. These challenges can erode your sense of self and significantly impact your emotional and physical well-being. Unresolved emotional and physical pain often reinforces negative beliefs, affecting your overall quality of life. Symptoms may include feelings of inadequacy, unworthiness, undeservingness, weight gain, ill health, anxiety, disconnection, depression, guilt, shame, and self-blame. The goal is to help you navigate these challenges, and rediscover your sense of self.
Struggling with trauma, depression, anxiety, or internal conflict can leave you feeling confused, fatigued, numb, and unmotivated, leading to self-sabotage. These challenges can erode your sense of self and significantly impact your emotional and physical well-being. Unresolved emotional and physical pain often reinforces negative beliefs, affecting your overall quality of life. Symptoms may include feelings of inadequacy, unworthiness, undeservingness, weight gain, ill health, anxiety, disconnection, depression, guilt, shame, and self-blame. The goal is to help you navigate these challenges, and rediscover your sense of self.
087 250 0049 x60 View 087 250 0049 x60
Photo of Johan Erasmus, MSocSci, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Johan Erasmus
Psychologist, MSocSci, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Pretoria 0002
You may be wondering about or struggling with life issues, chronic illness, anxiety, mood disorders or even with others in your life. If you experience relational difficulties, loss or problems with love, therapy may be beneficial to you. Or you may not have these issues but want to feel more grounded and have pressing questions or feel uncertain in which case you could also benefit from therapy. As I am in Auckland New Zealand, I am only available for pnline sessions.
You may be wondering about or struggling with life issues, chronic illness, anxiety, mood disorders or even with others in your life. If you experience relational difficulties, loss or problems with love, therapy may be beneficial to you. Or you may not have these issues but want to feel more grounded and have pressing questions or feel uncertain in which case you could also benefit from therapy. As I am in Auckland New Zealand, I am only available for pnline sessions.
087 250 0513 x21 View 087 250 0513 x21
Photo of Dr. Portia Monnapula-Mazabane, PhD, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr. Portia Monnapula-Mazabane
Psychologist, PhD, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Pretoria 0002
She is a qualified Clinical Psychologist based at Umhlanga in private practice. She offers psychotherapy focusing on emotional, cognitive, and behavioural components to assist individuals in coping with daily challenges and difficulties. Her expertise includes working with relationship conflicts, anxiety, mood disorders such as depression, bipolar, adjustment disorders, postnatal depression, family-related challenges, grief, acute post-traumatic stress, workplace-related stress, and conflict management. She holds a PhD in Psychology, where she passionately researched the stigma surrounding mental health.
She is a qualified Clinical Psychologist based at Umhlanga in private practice. She offers psychotherapy focusing on emotional, cognitive, and behavioural components to assist individuals in coping with daily challenges and difficulties. Her expertise includes working with relationship conflicts, anxiety, mood disorders such as depression, bipolar, adjustment disorders, postnatal depression, family-related challenges, grief, acute post-traumatic stress, workplace-related stress, and conflict management. She holds a PhD in Psychology, where she passionately researched the stigma surrounding mental health.
031 562 1570 View 031 562 1570
Photo of Henning Gericke, HPCSA - Counsellor, Registered Counsellor
Henning Gericke
Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
Pretoria 0002  (Online Only)
I am an experienced therapist, having dealt with a variety of presenting problems in various contexts. This includes, trauma, stress, burnout, grief, relationship issues, challenges of adolescence, adjustment to a new life phase or stressor (such as a chronic or terminal illness) or feeling anxious or depressed. I have worked in educational, medical, community, on-site, online and private practice settings. My ideal client is anyone of 11 years or above who wants change. Any client requesting or attending therapy, I regard as a willing and positive client, capable of change.
I am an experienced therapist, having dealt with a variety of presenting problems in various contexts. This includes, trauma, stress, burnout, grief, relationship issues, challenges of adolescence, adjustment to a new life phase or stressor (such as a chronic or terminal illness) or feeling anxious or depressed. I have worked in educational, medical, community, on-site, online and private practice settings. My ideal client is anyone of 11 years or above who wants change. Any client requesting or attending therapy, I regard as a willing and positive client, capable of change.
084 209 5930 View 084 209 5930
Photo of Rephael Perkel - Rephael Perkel - Lifestream Coaching & EFT Therapy
Rephael Perkel - Lifestream Coaching & EFT Therapy
Verified Verified
Pretoria 0002
If you are struggling with - • anxiety • trauma/PTSD • depression • panic attacks • relationship issues • insomnia • stress • loss • addiction • anger • fear or phobia • chronic pain • digestive issues (IBS, etc.
Effective therapy offers us real healing and transformation. It happens through expanded awareness, as we learn how to awaken to our unconscious purposes and the internal blocks that hold us back. We let go of the instinctual coping mechanisms that have formed our identity and begin to access our authentic, Divine Self. We become empowered with a sense of freedom and confidence - able to see new possibilities. My holistic approach integrates Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapy with EFT/Matrix Reimprinting energy healing to achieve the healing, growth and transformation you want in your life. See my website for client testimonials.
If you are struggling with - • anxiety • trauma/PTSD • depression • panic attacks • relationship issues • insomnia • stress • loss • addiction • anger • fear or phobia • chronic pain • digestive issues (IBS, etc.
Effective therapy offers us real healing and transformation. It happens through expanded awareness, as we learn how to awaken to our unconscious purposes and the internal blocks that hold us back. We let go of the instinctual coping mechanisms that have formed our identity and begin to access our authentic, Divine Self. We become empowered with a sense of freedom and confidence - able to see new possibilities. My holistic approach integrates Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapy with EFT/Matrix Reimprinting energy healing to achieve the healing, growth and transformation you want in your life. See my website for client testimonials.
087 250 0160 x40 View 087 250 0160 x40
Photo of Zakariya Baker - ZB Counselling, SACSSP, Social Worker
ZB Counselling
Social Worker, SACSSP
Verified Verified
Pretoria 0002  (Online Only)
I have experience in helping clients with challenges relating to depression, anxiety, trauma and grief - as symptoms of existing conditions, and/or as responses to circumstantial stress. I am also experienced in helping clients with the management of neurodivergent disorders (ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder). My approach pulls away from over analysis and rumination, towards figuring out how to sustainably feel and be better. This is accomplished by emphasising healthy thinking, health feeling and healthy behaving.
I have experience in helping clients with challenges relating to depression, anxiety, trauma and grief - as symptoms of existing conditions, and/or as responses to circumstantial stress. I am also experienced in helping clients with the management of neurodivergent disorders (ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder). My approach pulls away from over analysis and rumination, towards figuring out how to sustainably feel and be better. This is accomplished by emphasising healthy thinking, health feeling and healthy behaving.
087 250 0592 x80 View 087 250 0592 x80
Photo of Lukha Horn, HPCSA - Counsellor, Registered Counsellor
Lukha Horn
Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
Pretoria 0002  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with LGBT+ individuals, anxiety-based problems, living with ADHD, relationship issues, and religious conflicts.
An ideal client is someone who is willing to put in the work. Change cannot happen if an effort isn't being made on both the client and the counsellor's side. Clients have to be committed and ready for a journey that might not always be easy, because growth can sometimes hurt. An ideal client is one that wants to better themselves, break unhealthy cycles, as well as find healthy ways to cope in all areas of their lives. They must be willing to become vulnerable, open and honest. Not for the sake of others - but for themselves.
I specialize in working with LGBT+ individuals, anxiety-based problems, living with ADHD, relationship issues, and religious conflicts.
An ideal client is someone who is willing to put in the work. Change cannot happen if an effort isn't being made on both the client and the counsellor's side. Clients have to be committed and ready for a journey that might not always be easy, because growth can sometimes hurt. An ideal client is one that wants to better themselves, break unhealthy cycles, as well as find healthy ways to cope in all areas of their lives. They must be willing to become vulnerable, open and honest. Not for the sake of others - but for themselves.
087 250 0902 x72 View 087 250 0902 x72
Photo of Richard James Barker, BSocSci Hons, General Counsellor
Richard James Barker
General Counsellor, BSocSci Hons
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pretoria 0002
My specialisms include addiction, anxiety, depression, couples work, bereavement, relationship problems, self esteem, and trauma.
I offer counselling and therapeutic life coaching. Clients will come to me with a range of problems and often feel some confusion. In our work we will clarify the problem and see what is most challenging for you at the present time. We will discover where this confusion arises in the body and mind and be able to see what started it. Perhaps this has been triggered in the past: by an environment, people, a person, upbringing etc. The work we do is non-judgemental and my purpose is to help you find your way out of the confusion and suffering, so you can find success, purpose and meaning in your life. I will be with you all the way
My specialisms include addiction, anxiety, depression, couples work, bereavement, relationship problems, self esteem, and trauma.
I offer counselling and therapeutic life coaching. Clients will come to me with a range of problems and often feel some confusion. In our work we will clarify the problem and see what is most challenging for you at the present time. We will discover where this confusion arises in the body and mind and be able to see what started it. Perhaps this has been triggered in the past: by an environment, people, a person, upbringing etc. The work we do is non-judgemental and my purpose is to help you find your way out of the confusion and suffering, so you can find success, purpose and meaning in your life. I will be with you all the way
087 250 0160 x65 View 087 250 0160 x65
Photo of Thobekile Teressa Manyike, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Thobekile Teressa Manyike
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Pretoria 0002
My name is Thobekile Manyike, affectionately known as Thobeka. I am a counselling psychologist registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa. My work focuses on individual adults who are faced with a wide variety of difficulties including anxiety disorders, depression, relationship difficulties, and bereavement and loss.
My name is Thobekile Manyike, affectionately known as Thobeka. I am a counselling psychologist registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa. My work focuses on individual adults who are faced with a wide variety of difficulties including anxiety disorders, depression, relationship difficulties, and bereavement and loss.
087 250 2910 x27 View 087 250 2910 x27
Photo of Kylie Grove, General Counsellor
Kylie Grove
General Counsellor
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pretoria 0084
I assist with feelings of depression, anxiety, stress, bereavement and do trauma debriefing.
I am a passionate, bilingual Wellness Counsellor, animal lover and mom of young adults with lived experience in many areas. If you’re navigating personal struggles or relationship challenges or just need a listening ear, know that I’m here to support you. I urge you to take that brave step toward a brighter tomorrow and connect with me today. Let’s embark on this transformative journey together. I am available after hours and on Saturdays at a rate of R400 per 50 minute session. I hold a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Psychology from the University of South Africa and I'm registered with the ASCHP.
I assist with feelings of depression, anxiety, stress, bereavement and do trauma debriefing.
I am a passionate, bilingual Wellness Counsellor, animal lover and mom of young adults with lived experience in many areas. If you’re navigating personal struggles or relationship challenges or just need a listening ear, know that I’m here to support you. I urge you to take that brave step toward a brighter tomorrow and connect with me today. Let’s embark on this transformative journey together. I am available after hours and on Saturdays at a rate of R400 per 50 minute session. I hold a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Psychology from the University of South Africa and I'm registered with the ASCHP.
087 250 2293 x72 View 087 250 2293 x72
Photo of Liesl Eliastam, MSocSci, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Liesl Eliastam
Psychologist, MSocSci, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Pretoria 0002  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Life can be so messy, chaotic, stressful and anxiety-provoking, and for many there is a sense of isolation and shame in merely surviving.
My passion is working with clients who want to develop themselves at a personal and relational level. My ideal client is someone who has experienced great difficulty in life, whether it's an issue that persists from childhood or is more a recent trauma or setback; someone who understands that they need help and want to move forward in their lives, bringing tangible and sustainable change.....and freedom. I get excited about the transformational aspect that therapy can bring.
Life can be so messy, chaotic, stressful and anxiety-provoking, and for many there is a sense of isolation and shame in merely surviving.
My passion is working with clients who want to develop themselves at a personal and relational level. My ideal client is someone who has experienced great difficulty in life, whether it's an issue that persists from childhood or is more a recent trauma or setback; someone who understands that they need help and want to move forward in their lives, bringing tangible and sustainable change.....and freedom. I get excited about the transformational aspect that therapy can bring.
087 250 0616 x23 View 087 250 0616 x23
Photo of Leonie M Dippenaar, General Counsellor
Leonie M Dippenaar
General Counsellor
Verified Verified
Pretoria 0184  (Online Only)
Leonie is a Transformative Mindset Coach/counselor. Are you tired of being stuck in survival mode? Grief, sadness, Loss over what if? Are guil and shame holding you in bondage? Do you question life, wanting to give up? Is living a lie draining your life force? With Abandonment issues, comes Fear, Anxiety, and Trauma. Do you not feel being heard? Old coping self-destructive bad habits block your life and repeatedly set yourself up for failure! Let Leonie help you Reset that feeling of loss and hopelessness. Learn to Regain self-control, bring in balance, and find your Joy through acceptance.
Leonie is a Transformative Mindset Coach/counselor. Are you tired of being stuck in survival mode? Grief, sadness, Loss over what if? Are guil and shame holding you in bondage? Do you question life, wanting to give up? Is living a lie draining your life force? With Abandonment issues, comes Fear, Anxiety, and Trauma. Do you not feel being heard? Old coping self-destructive bad habits block your life and repeatedly set yourself up for failure! Let Leonie help you Reset that feeling of loss and hopelessness. Learn to Regain self-control, bring in balance, and find your Joy through acceptance.
087 250 0049 x24 View 087 250 0049 x24
Photo of Esmarilda Dankaert, PhD, HPCSA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Esmarilda Dankaert
Psychologist, PhD, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Pretoria 0002
Are you at a stage in your life where you feel like you are stuck in a rut, or tired of self-sabotaging your own happiness and success, or tired or being tired, or being overly anxious all the time and feeling burnt out? Do you feel like you have lost touch with who you are, your dreams, your strengths? Do you not like the person you see in the mirror? Are you frustrated by your constant procrastination and lack of progress? Are you overwhelmed by the expectations of others? Do you find your work unfulfilling? Do you feel lost, personally, socially and/or professionally? Then you have landed on the right page!
Are you at a stage in your life where you feel like you are stuck in a rut, or tired of self-sabotaging your own happiness and success, or tired or being tired, or being overly anxious all the time and feeling burnt out? Do you feel like you have lost touch with who you are, your dreams, your strengths? Do you not like the person you see in the mirror? Are you frustrated by your constant procrastination and lack of progress? Are you overwhelmed by the expectations of others? Do you find your work unfulfilling? Do you feel lost, personally, socially and/or professionally? Then you have landed on the right page!
087 250 0536 x37 View 087 250 0536 x37
Photo of Kim Abrahams, BSocSci Hons, Social Worker
Kim Abrahams
Social Worker, BSocSci Hons
Verified Verified
Pretoria 0002  (Online Only)
Hello! Thank you for visiting my profile. I understand how difficult it is to access therapy and I pride myself in providing a welcoming, safe and inclusive therapeutic experience. I believe in using evidence-based therapeutic interventions and the primary modalities which I incorporate include Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Narrative Therapy, Motivational Interviewing and Individual Trauma-Focused Treatment. I have a special interest in supporting adults who have experienced trauma, grief/loss, sexual abuse, anxiety and depression.
Hello! Thank you for visiting my profile. I understand how difficult it is to access therapy and I pride myself in providing a welcoming, safe and inclusive therapeutic experience. I believe in using evidence-based therapeutic interventions and the primary modalities which I incorporate include Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Narrative Therapy, Motivational Interviewing and Individual Trauma-Focused Treatment. I have a special interest in supporting adults who have experienced trauma, grief/loss, sexual abuse, anxiety and depression.
087 250 0442 x54 View 087 250 0442 x54
Photo of Chandapiwa Khoarai, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Chandapiwa Khoarai
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Pretoria 0002
Working with individuals, couples, families with various issues such as depression, anxiety, work-related stressors, adjustment issues, bereavement etc.
Working with individuals, couples, families with various issues such as depression, anxiety, work-related stressors, adjustment issues, bereavement etc.
087 250 0592 x87 View 087 250 0592 x87
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See more therapy options for Pretoria

Anxiety Counsellors

What are the most common treatments for anxiety?

Talk therapy, particularly cognitive behavioural therapy, is the most common treatment for anxiety. Studies have shown it is equally effective as medication. Other forms of therapy are popular, depending on a patient’s experience. Exposure therapy, for instance, can be useful for people dealing with fears and phobias, or who have experienced traumatic events. Dialectical Behavioural Therapy may be useful for patients who need help with emotion regulation. Anxiolytic medications, like benzodiazepines, can also help with calming a person enough to focus on the skills they’ve learned, and physical exercise has been shown to help symptoms of anxiety across the board.

How long does therapy for anxiety take to work?

The amount of time needed to alleviate symptoms depends on the severity of a person’s condition. Some therapies may take 5-20 weekly sessions to show results. Anti-depressant medications typically take two to four weeks before a benefit is felt. Anti-anxiety medications are felt typically within 20-30 minutes. Medications are best used to offer a patient a better headspace in which to work on techniques learned in therapy. Exercise, improved sleep habits, and meditation are effective, but takes weeks or months to show results.

When should I seek treatment for anxiety?

Everyone feels anxious at times, but when anxiety causes disruption to your daily life, it may be time to seek help. Such disruption can be mental, physical, or both: having fear dominate your thoughts, avoiding situations or objects that bring on feelings of anxiety, or experiencing shortness of breath, sweating, dizziness, or panic attacks. When these symptoms are recurrent and distressing, it may be time to talk to someone.

How effective is treatment for anxiety?

Treatment for anxiety has been shown to be moderately to highly effective, according to a large body of psychology studies and analyses. For some people, treatment using CBT or exposure therapy alone is effective. Others respond best to a combination of medication and therapy.