As a premier non-profit behavioral health system, our residential program for boys and girls, ages 6-17, treats a wide range of mental health disorders. We also offer a dual diagnosis program for co-occurring mental health illness and substance abuse. We are TRICARE-approved, with expertise and focused concentration is helping children from military families throughout the U.S. and overseas. Our 32-acre open college-like campus on the border of Norfolk and Virginia Beach, Virginia. In addition, The Barry Robinson offers an Intensive Outpatient program (IOP) for adolescents and young adults (18-24) with diagnoses including depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, PTSD, ADHD and who use drugs or alcohol. This service is currently offered at our Norfolk location as well as through Telehealth communications. Intensive Outpatient program is not specific to only military families.
As a premier non-profit behavioral health system, our residential program for boys and girls, ages 6-17, treats a wide range of mental health disorders. We also offer a dual diagnosis program for co-occurring mental health illness and substance abuse. We are TRICARE-approved, with expertise and focused concentration is helping children from military families throughout the U.S. and overseas. Our 32-acre open college-like campus on the border of Norfolk and Virginia Beach, Virginia. In addition, The Barry Robinson offers an Intensive Outpatient program (IOP) for adolescents and young adults (18-24) with diagnoses including depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, PTSD, ADHD and who use drugs or alcohol. This service is currently offered at our Norfolk location as well as through Telehealth communications. Intensive Outpatient program is not specific to only military families.
We use research-based treatments to help our patients with drug addiction, alcohol addiction, and mental and behavioral health issues. We offer high staff-to-patient ratios to ensure more personal attention for our patients, and many of our staff are in recovery themselves—so they understand what you are going through.
We use research-based treatments to help our patients with drug addiction, alcohol addiction, and mental and behavioral health issues. We offer high staff-to-patient ratios to ensure more personal attention for our patients, and many of our staff are in recovery themselves—so they understand what you are going through.
As a premier non-profit behavioral health system, our residential program for boys and girls, ages 6-17, treats a wide range of mental health disorders. We also offer a dual diagnosis program for co-occurring mental health illness and substance abuse. We are TRICARE-approved, with expertise and focused concentration is helping children from military families throughout the U.S. and overseas. Our 32-acre open college-like campus on the border of Norfolk and Virginia Beach, Virginia. In addition, The Barry Robinson offers an Intensive Outpatient program (IOP) for adolescents and young adults (18-24) with diagnoses including depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, PTSD, ADHD and who use drugs or alcohol. This service is currently offered at our Norfolk location as well as through Telehealth communications. Intensive Outpatient program is not specific to only military families.
As a premier non-profit behavioral health system, our residential program for boys and girls, ages 6-17, treats a wide range of mental health disorders. We also offer a dual diagnosis program for co-occurring mental health illness and substance abuse. We are TRICARE-approved, with expertise and focused concentration is helping children from military families throughout the U.S. and overseas. Our 32-acre open college-like campus on the border of Norfolk and Virginia Beach, Virginia. In addition, The Barry Robinson offers an Intensive Outpatient program (IOP) for adolescents and young adults (18-24) with diagnoses including depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, PTSD, ADHD and who use drugs or alcohol. This service is currently offered at our Norfolk location as well as through Telehealth communications. Intensive Outpatient program is not specific to only military families.
HEAL provides equine facilitated psychotherapy services to Adults, Couples, Teens and Adolescents with a focus on active duty Military, Veterans, First Responders or their family members. We are able to accept non-Military clients on a case by case basis depending on our waitlist. Our clients have been impacted by their experiences while serving in the military or first responder communities to include Military Sexual Trauma. They are experiencing depression, anxiety and/or are diagnosed with PTS. Family life may be strained due to feeling disconnected from spouse/children/parent as a result of service related experiences and multiple deployments. Our clients are seeking relief from their symptoms and want to develop coping skills to better manage their emotions and self-soothe. They want to improve their relationships with friends and family and to enjoy a better connected family life.
HEAL provides equine facilitated psychotherapy services to Adults, Couples, Teens and Adolescents with a focus on active duty Military, Veterans, First Responders or their family members. We are able to accept non-Military clients on a case by case basis depending on our waitlist. Our clients have been impacted by their experiences while serving in the military or first responder communities to include Military Sexual Trauma. They are experiencing depression, anxiety and/or are diagnosed with PTS. Family life may be strained due to feeling disconnected from spouse/children/parent as a result of service related experiences and multiple deployments. Our clients are seeking relief from their symptoms and want to develop coping skills to better manage their emotions and self-soothe. They want to improve their relationships with friends and family and to enjoy a better connected family life.
Outpatient Counseling offers a variety of therapeutic interventions by licensed and skilled providers of mental health services. We offer a warm, welcoming environment where members of our community can receive confidential, quality, client-centered therapeutic services to meet the many numerous emotional and behavioral struggles they may face. We work closely with referral sources and other providers to allow for the most comprehensive and valuable service provision.
Outpatient Counseling offers a variety of therapeutic interventions by licensed and skilled providers of mental health services. We offer a warm, welcoming environment where members of our community can receive confidential, quality, client-centered therapeutic services to meet the many numerous emotional and behavioral struggles they may face. We work closely with referral sources and other providers to allow for the most comprehensive and valuable service provision.
Online Treatment Centers
Our integrated approach treats the trauma and attachment wounds underlying teen mental health and behavioral issues, such as anxiety, depression, and trauma/PTSD. We address these root causes through comprehensive, solution-focused treatment that involves the entire family in the healing process. To support our teens and their families in achieving long-term, sustainable healing, our clinical model takes into account every aspect of a teen’s well-being—physical, psychological, relational, and educational so they can thrive when they return home to their families, schools, and communities. Moreover, we are dedicated to ongoing research on the efficacy of our treatment. To ensure that our care is truly evidence-based, we track a variety of treatment goals and commission rigorous third-party evaluations of our programming. Data gathered on our outcomes using industry-approved measurement tools shows consistent positive results in measures of well-being, depression, and anxiety, with patients’ improvements, on average, exceeding levels of clinical significance.
Our integrated approach treats the trauma and attachment wounds underlying teen mental health and behavioral issues, such as anxiety, depression, and trauma/PTSD. We address these root causes through comprehensive, solution-focused treatment that involves the entire family in the healing process. To support our teens and their families in achieving long-term, sustainable healing, our clinical model takes into account every aspect of a teen’s well-being—physical, psychological, relational, and educational so they can thrive when they return home to their families, schools, and communities. Moreover, we are dedicated to ongoing research on the efficacy of our treatment. To ensure that our care is truly evidence-based, we track a variety of treatment goals and commission rigorous third-party evaluations of our programming. Data gathered on our outcomes using industry-approved measurement tools shows consistent positive results in measures of well-being, depression, and anxiety, with patients’ improvements, on average, exceeding levels of clinical significance.
At Williamsville Wellness, we believe that the key to successful and lasting recovery is through individual attention. Where other addiction treatment centers rely primarily on group therapy sessions, we provide 15+ one-on-one sessions per week with our multidisciplinary staff. In our treatment programs for alcohol and substance abuse, Williamsville Wellness addresses the body, mind, spirit through a variety of techniques to help patients identify barriers to recovery. Within individual and group sessions, our patients are able to address behaviors, contributing factors to addiction, emotional and mental health, family issues, and the impact of addiction on body, mind, and spirit.
At Williamsville Wellness, we believe that the key to successful and lasting recovery is through individual attention. Where other addiction treatment centers rely primarily on group therapy sessions, we provide 15+ one-on-one sessions per week with our multidisciplinary staff. In our treatment programs for alcohol and substance abuse, Williamsville Wellness addresses the body, mind, spirit through a variety of techniques to help patients identify barriers to recovery. Within individual and group sessions, our patients are able to address behaviors, contributing factors to addiction, emotional and mental health, family issues, and the impact of addiction on body, mind, and spirit.
Pinnacle Treatment Services of Richmond serves individuals struggling with addiction to opioids alcohol, opiates, and other substances with compassion and grace. Our full continuum of care, including Clinically Managed Low-Intensity Residential service, Partial Hospitalization (PHP) treatment, and licensed Case Management services employ traditional and innovative evidence-based addiction treatment.
Pinnacle Treatment Services of Richmond serves individuals struggling with addiction to opioids alcohol, opiates, and other substances with compassion and grace. Our full continuum of care, including Clinically Managed Low-Intensity Residential service, Partial Hospitalization (PHP) treatment, and licensed Case Management services employ traditional and innovative evidence-based addiction treatment.
Front Royal Treatment Center, a Pinnacle Treatment Centers facility, in Front Royal, Virginia, is an outpatient opioid treatment program (OTP) providing medication-assisted treatment (MAT) with methadone and buprenorphine (Suboxone) to people struggling with opioid use disorder or addiction to opioids, heroin, synthetic opioids like fentanyl, and prescription painkillers oxycodone (OxyContin), hydrocodone (Vicodin), codeine, and morphine. Following a thorough clinical evaluation by professional addiction treatment experts, patients receive a personalized treatment plan that includes education classes on substance use disorders, psychoeducational programming, life skills training, trauma-informed care, and relapse prevention support. We aim to improve our patient’s lives and their relationships with their families through family counseling and family dynamics treatment.
Front Royal Treatment Center, a Pinnacle Treatment Centers facility, in Front Royal, Virginia, is an outpatient opioid treatment program (OTP) providing medication-assisted treatment (MAT) with methadone and buprenorphine (Suboxone) to people struggling with opioid use disorder or addiction to opioids, heroin, synthetic opioids like fentanyl, and prescription painkillers oxycodone (OxyContin), hydrocodone (Vicodin), codeine, and morphine. Following a thorough clinical evaluation by professional addiction treatment experts, patients receive a personalized treatment plan that includes education classes on substance use disorders, psychoeducational programming, life skills training, trauma-informed care, and relapse prevention support. We aim to improve our patient’s lives and their relationships with their families through family counseling and family dynamics treatment.
We know how difficult it can be to see your son or daughter struggling with severe mental health issues like anxiety, depression or suicidal ideation. Our partial hospitalization programs (PHP) and intensive outpatient programs (IOP) in Ashburn, Virginia are designed to support adolescents, teens and young adults of all genders ages 12-28 facing these challenges. Our IOPs and PHPs provide flexible treatment that fits into your teen’s and family’s life, offering the intensive support they need while staying connected to home, school and family.
We know how difficult it can be to see your son or daughter struggling with severe mental health issues like anxiety, depression or suicidal ideation. Our partial hospitalization programs (PHP) and intensive outpatient programs (IOP) in Ashburn, Virginia are designed to support adolescents, teens and young adults of all genders ages 12-28 facing these challenges. Our IOPs and PHPs provide flexible treatment that fits into your teen’s and family’s life, offering the intensive support they need while staying connected to home, school and family.
Cross Keys Equine Therapy provides equine-assisted services to individuals, couples, families and groups, which is separated into Trauma-Focused Equine Assisted Psychotherapy (TF-EAP) and Trauma-Informed Equine Assisted Learning (TI-EAL). We help our clients take ownership of truths in their lives by allowing horses to teach them how to be authentic, and present; how to seek open and honest communication with others; and how to take care of themselves by giving and receiving trust and respect. Our TF-EAP sessions are facilitated by either a Licensed Professional Counselor, Licensed Clinical Social Worker or a Supervisee in Social Work which ensures high-quality and ethical mental health services. These mental health professionals serve on a team with an equine professional and the horse.
Cross Keys Equine Therapy provides equine-assisted services to individuals, couples, families and groups, which is separated into Trauma-Focused Equine Assisted Psychotherapy (TF-EAP) and Trauma-Informed Equine Assisted Learning (TI-EAL). We help our clients take ownership of truths in their lives by allowing horses to teach them how to be authentic, and present; how to seek open and honest communication with others; and how to take care of themselves by giving and receiving trust and respect. Our TF-EAP sessions are facilitated by either a Licensed Professional Counselor, Licensed Clinical Social Worker or a Supervisee in Social Work which ensures high-quality and ethical mental health services. These mental health professionals serve on a team with an equine professional and the horse.
When an acute mental, behavioral, or psychiatric issue disrupts daily life, know that you can turn to The Pavilion at Williamsburg Place in Williamsburg. We treat our clients and their families with compassion and empathy at every step of treatment. We provide a continuum of care including assessment, diagnosis, rapid stabilization and ongoing care and support. Our campus provides patients with a safe place for restoring balance and renewing life as we provide 24/7 care with physician supervision, medication management, and group therapy.
When an acute mental, behavioral, or psychiatric issue disrupts daily life, know that you can turn to The Pavilion at Williamsburg Place in Williamsburg. We treat our clients and their families with compassion and empathy at every step of treatment. We provide a continuum of care including assessment, diagnosis, rapid stabilization and ongoing care and support. Our campus provides patients with a safe place for restoring balance and renewing life as we provide 24/7 care with physician supervision, medication management, and group therapy.
At Williamsville Wellness, we believe that the key to successful and lasting recovery is through individual attention. Where other addiction treatment centers rely primarily on group therapy sessions, we provide 15+ one-on-one sessions per week with our multidisciplinary staff. Within these frequent individual sessions and supplemental group sessions, our patients are able to address behaviors, contributing factors to addiction, emotional and mental health, family issues, coping mechanisms, and more to gain a comprehensive look into the root and impacts of their addiction. Addiction isn't one-size-fits-all, so the treatment shouldn't be either; with our person-centered approach, each person's treatment plan is catered to what will work best for their situation. As such, we're also especially effective at treating co-occurring disorders or addictions.
At Williamsville Wellness, we believe that the key to successful and lasting recovery is through individual attention. Where other addiction treatment centers rely primarily on group therapy sessions, we provide 15+ one-on-one sessions per week with our multidisciplinary staff. Within these frequent individual sessions and supplemental group sessions, our patients are able to address behaviors, contributing factors to addiction, emotional and mental health, family issues, coping mechanisms, and more to gain a comprehensive look into the root and impacts of their addiction. Addiction isn't one-size-fits-all, so the treatment shouldn't be either; with our person-centered approach, each person's treatment plan is catered to what will work best for their situation. As such, we're also especially effective at treating co-occurring disorders or addictions.
Life is hard enough. Getting help should not be stressful. You can get all of your mental health and substance use disorders treatment in one place--and we will collaborate with each other to get you the best care. We offer psychiatric evaluations, medication management, psychological testing, MAT/MOUD and individual, couples, family, play, and group therapy. Appointments are available within 48 hours with an expert in his/her field. One of us will call you and help you figure out the best path for you and your family. Specialties include: depression, anxiety, ADD/ADHD, bi-polar disorder, drug/alcohol use, trauma, alcohol moderation, LGBTQ, life transitions, DBT, and couples counseling.
Life is hard enough. Getting help should not be stressful. You can get all of your mental health and substance use disorders treatment in one place--and we will collaborate with each other to get you the best care. We offer psychiatric evaluations, medication management, psychological testing, MAT/MOUD and individual, couples, family, play, and group therapy. Appointments are available within 48 hours with an expert in his/her field. One of us will call you and help you figure out the best path for you and your family. Specialties include: depression, anxiety, ADD/ADHD, bi-polar disorder, drug/alcohol use, trauma, alcohol moderation, LGBTQ, life transitions, DBT, and couples counseling.
AMFM Mental Health Treatment
Treatment Center
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax Station, VA 22039
A Mission for Michael supports adults with complex mental health needs, such as PTSD, anxiety, and dual diagnoses. Many of our clients have tried other forms of treatment and are searching for a program that provides deeper understanding and personalized care.
A Mission for Michael supports adults with complex mental health needs, such as PTSD, anxiety, and dual diagnoses. Many of our clients have tried other forms of treatment and are searching for a program that provides deeper understanding and personalized care.
At Bacon Street, we are passionate about supporting families. For almost 50 years, we have served adolescents, young people, and families who are dealing with substance abuse and mental health issues. The cornerstone of Bacon Street's programs is its outpatient clinical counseling for teens (age 12-17) and young adults (age 18-26) struggling with substance abuse or a substance use disorder, co-occurring substance use and mental health issues, or mental health issues that put them at a high risk for substance abuse. Our evidence-based, trauma-informed counseling model focuses on healing for the entire family. At Bacon Street, we truly understand how scary and overwhelming adolescent substance abuse is and we are here to help, free of judgment and full of compassion.
At Bacon Street, we are passionate about supporting families. For almost 50 years, we have served adolescents, young people, and families who are dealing with substance abuse and mental health issues. The cornerstone of Bacon Street's programs is its outpatient clinical counseling for teens (age 12-17) and young adults (age 18-26) struggling with substance abuse or a substance use disorder, co-occurring substance use and mental health issues, or mental health issues that put them at a high risk for substance abuse. Our evidence-based, trauma-informed counseling model focuses on healing for the entire family. At Bacon Street, we truly understand how scary and overwhelming adolescent substance abuse is and we are here to help, free of judgment and full of compassion.
Bridging the Gaps (BTG), an integrative residential addiction treatment facility located in historic Winchester, Virginia, provides treatment for adults suffering from the disease of addiction. We provide a phase based treatment structure consisting of 3 core phases with the opportunity for an extended 4th phase to better facilitate a client's transition back into the demands of day to day life. At BTG we provide treatment for substance use disorders by integrating traditional modalities of psycho-social-spiritual treatment with complementary approaches oriented towards physiological healing and wellbeing. Using the most progressive modalities available, coupled with a traditional "12 step" program, we help our clients recover their physical health as well as provide them with the psychological and spiritual tools they need for a life free from drug addiction and alcoholism. We offer integrative treatment modalities including education, individual and group counseling, intravenous therapy, oral nutrients, nutrition, acupuncture detoxification, fitness, massage, neurofeedback, meditation, yoga, and Reiki. We combine treatment approaches that incorporate healing of the whole person - mind, body, and spirit.
Bridging the Gaps (BTG), an integrative residential addiction treatment facility located in historic Winchester, Virginia, provides treatment for adults suffering from the disease of addiction. We provide a phase based treatment structure consisting of 3 core phases with the opportunity for an extended 4th phase to better facilitate a client's transition back into the demands of day to day life. At BTG we provide treatment for substance use disorders by integrating traditional modalities of psycho-social-spiritual treatment with complementary approaches oriented towards physiological healing and wellbeing. Using the most progressive modalities available, coupled with a traditional "12 step" program, we help our clients recover their physical health as well as provide them with the psychological and spiritual tools they need for a life free from drug addiction and alcoholism. We offer integrative treatment modalities including education, individual and group counseling, intravenous therapy, oral nutrients, nutrition, acupuncture detoxification, fitness, massage, neurofeedback, meditation, yoga, and Reiki. We combine treatment approaches that incorporate healing of the whole person - mind, body, and spirit.
We understand how heartbreaking it is to watch your adolescent or teen struggle with severe mental health conditions like suicidal thoughts, self-harm, depression and anxiety. As a parent or teen, the weight of these conditions can feel overwhelming, but you're not alone. Our residential treatment center in Alexandria, Virginia provides 24/7 care in a safe, home-like environment for adolescents and teens ages 10-14 of all genders. With constant supervision from a compassionate, experienced team, we offer personalized treatment designed to promote emotional safety and healing. Each day is structured with therapy, therapeutic activities and emotional support to your teen as they move forward toward lasting mental wellness. Our residential treatment centers are here to help your family and are designed to give your teen the structure and support they need to build a healthier life.
We understand how heartbreaking it is to watch your adolescent or teen struggle with severe mental health conditions like suicidal thoughts, self-harm, depression and anxiety. As a parent or teen, the weight of these conditions can feel overwhelming, but you're not alone. Our residential treatment center in Alexandria, Virginia provides 24/7 care in a safe, home-like environment for adolescents and teens ages 10-14 of all genders. With constant supervision from a compassionate, experienced team, we offer personalized treatment designed to promote emotional safety and healing. Each day is structured with therapy, therapeutic activities and emotional support to your teen as they move forward toward lasting mental wellness. Our residential treatment centers are here to help your family and are designed to give your teen the structure and support they need to build a healthier life.
Everyone deserves to be happy, be healthy, and be healed. The world we live in can be so distracting and many of us struggle to find time for our mental health- or carefully avoid the subject because talking about it might be too painful. At The Healing Project, we are proud to offer a diverse group of clinicians with various areas of expertise to provide support to everyone in our community. We strive to meet you where you are and recognize that there are many barriers to receiving services. Perhaps you don't have reliable transportation, or your kids have 101 activities, or you're a student with a busy schedule- that's okay! We offer virtual counseling to make carving out time for YOU or your children easier than ever. If you are craving the face-to-face connection with a counselor- we offer in-person counseling as well.
Everyone deserves to be happy, be healthy, and be healed. The world we live in can be so distracting and many of us struggle to find time for our mental health- or carefully avoid the subject because talking about it might be too painful. At The Healing Project, we are proud to offer a diverse group of clinicians with various areas of expertise to provide support to everyone in our community. We strive to meet you where you are and recognize that there are many barriers to receiving services. Perhaps you don't have reliable transportation, or your kids have 101 activities, or you're a student with a busy schedule- that's okay! We offer virtual counseling to make carving out time for YOU or your children easier than ever. If you are craving the face-to-face connection with a counselor- we offer in-person counseling as well.
Easily accessible to those in the DMV area, Pasadena Villa Outpatient – McLean is known for its innovative treatment, trauma-informed yoga, acupuncture, and cinema therapy. This is in addition to lunch provided daily from popular local restaurants. Pasadena Villa Outpatient – McLean expands access to the innovative treatment Pasadena Villa Outpatient is known for and specializes in treating adults, 18 years and older, who have mood disorders, personality disorders, psychotic disorders, and co-occurring disorders.
Easily accessible to those in the DMV area, Pasadena Villa Outpatient – McLean is known for its innovative treatment, trauma-informed yoga, acupuncture, and cinema therapy. This is in addition to lunch provided daily from popular local restaurants. Pasadena Villa Outpatient – McLean expands access to the innovative treatment Pasadena Villa Outpatient is known for and specializes in treating adults, 18 years and older, who have mood disorders, personality disorders, psychotic disorders, and co-occurring disorders.
See more therapy options for Stafford County
FAQs - About Treatment Centers and Rehab
How can I find a treatment center in Stafford County?
The Psychology Today Directory has customizable search options that show potential treatment centers tailored to your location, including inpatient or outpatient, the types of insurance accepted, and even the programs the center specializes in. Finding the right treatment center can be vitally important, and the dropdown filters make it easier to find the best fit for you or your loved one.
How do treatment centers work?
There are treatment centers for individuals dealing with psychiatric issues as well as for those dealing with substance use or addiction, or who are dealing with both, also known as co-occurring disorders. The type of program that is right for an individual depends on their medical and mental health history, the severity of the issues they are dealing with, as well as their treatment goals. Individuals using the directory can filter to find a center best-suited to them based on their gender, the issues they are facing, such as addiction or a mental health condition, or the type of treatments they are seeking.
What is the difference between inpatient and outpatient treatments?
In an inpatient or residential treatment program, individuals receive treatment while living in a facility and have 24/7 access to care by medical professionals. There are various forms of outpatient treatment that offer different levels of care, including Intensive Outpatient Programs (IOPs) and Partial Hospitalization Programs (PHPs). PHPs tend to offer more time-intensive, supervised care than IOPs. Aftercare is another option that offers ongoing treatment for an individual recovering from substance use or addiction after they have achieved initial sobriety, which can take the form of either an inpatient or outpatient program.
How long is rehab?
Short term treatment usually lasts less than 30 days, while long term programs can last 60 days, 90 days, or longer, depending on the needs and goals of the individual and the structure of the program. Individuals searching for a treatment program in the directory can filter results by duration.
How much does rehab cost?
The price of treatment varies according to the length and type of service you search for, such as detox treatment, residential treatment, or outpatient treatment, as well as location and amenities offered. Non-profit centers are typically less expensive than private centers, but may have longer wait lists. Using the filters on the Psychology Today Treatment Center Directory can help narrow down which centers accept insurance plans, and, if so, which ones.
Does insurance cover rehab?
Health insurance typically covers rehab, but the extent of coverage depends on the particular policy, the treatment provider, and the needs of the individual. Individuals are encouraged to check with their insurance providers prior to entering a treatment program. Once you have confirmed coverage, you can use the Insurance filter on the Psychology Today Treatment Center Directory to find and contact centers that accept your insurance.
How do you get someone who refuses treatment into rehab?
It is important to convey compassion and understanding toward an individual dealing with an addiction problem. If a person refuses treatment at first, it’s important for their loved ones to continue to express their concerns in a kind and respectful manner, and to periodically encourage them to get help. It can take time for someone dealing with addiction to gain the motivation to make a change. In the meantime, it can be helpful for loved ones to set boundaries with the individual and educate themselves on the many treatment options that exist in order to have more informed conversations regarding recovery.