Treatment Centers in Rochester Hills, MI

Photo of Robert Mielke - Mielke and Weeks Psychological Services, Treatment Center, PhD
At Mielke and Weeks Psychological Services we are a group of psychologists, social workers, professional counselors and marriage and family therapists who are very committed to helping you during this period in your life. We believe you will find everyone here to be compassionate and very easy to talk to. Our therapists have many years of education and training in the practice of psychology. Through many years of practice we have aquired the knowledge and the expertise to help you get through the problems you are currently experiencing. In a comfortable and safe environment, we all welcome the opportunity to assist you during this difficult time of your life. Just as we have helped other individuals, couples, and families find solutions to their problems in their lives, we promise to do our best to help you, too."-----Dr. Mielke
At Mielke and Weeks Psychological Services we are a group of psychologists, social workers, professional counselors and marriage and family therapists who are very committed to helping you during this period in your life. We believe you will find everyone here to be compassionate and very easy to talk to. Our therapists have many years of education and training in the practice of psychology. Through many years of practice we have aquired the knowledge and the expertise to help you get through the problems you are currently experiencing. In a comfortable and safe environment, we all welcome the opportunity to assist you during this difficult time of your life. Just as we have helped other individuals, couples, and families find solutions to their problems in their lives, we promise to do our best to help you, too."-----Dr. Mielke
(248) 213-8760 View (248) 213-8760
Photo of Scott Steenbergh - Health Equity and Recovery Technologies (HEART), Treatment Center, LMSW, CAADC
At HEART, we know everyone’s path to wellness is different - and so are the challenges they face. Whether you’re dealing with mental health struggles, working on recovery, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, or just looking to grow, we’re ready to meet you where you are and help you move forward. We’re proud to serve our diverse community and provide a space where healing and growth feel possible for everyone. You’ll find a team that’s highly committed to helping you feel your best. At the heart of what we do is one simple goal: to help you feel heard, understood and supported
At HEART, we know everyone’s path to wellness is different - and so are the challenges they face. Whether you’re dealing with mental health struggles, working on recovery, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, or just looking to grow, we’re ready to meet you where you are and help you move forward. We’re proud to serve our diverse community and provide a space where healing and growth feel possible for everyone. You’ll find a team that’s highly committed to helping you feel your best. At the heart of what we do is one simple goal: to help you feel heard, understood and supported
(586) 300-2311 View (586) 300-2311
Photo of Amber Donahue - Kalasho Education & Youth Services- MINDgarden, Treatment Center, LMSW
Children and adolescents who may be struggling — whether with school, trauma, emotional regulation, behavioral or developmental challenges — are at the heart of what MINDgarden serves. They often face anxiety, depression, developmental delays, trauma, or social-skill difficulties.
Children and adolescents who may be struggling — whether with school, trauma, emotional regulation, behavioral or developmental challenges — are at the heart of what MINDgarden serves. They often face anxiety, depression, developmental delays, trauma, or social-skill difficulties.
(586) 371-5971 View (586) 371-5971
Photo of Havenwyck Hospital - Havenwyck Hospital, Treatment Center
Havenwyck Hospital
Treatment Center
Serves Area
With peaceful views of Lake Galloway, Havenwyck Hospital offers a safe, supportive space for individuals of all ages to receive behavioral health services. Our team is passionate about helping each person build resilience, self-awareness and the tools needed to care for their mental health long after treatment. We deliver evidence-driven psychiatric care and rehabilitation with a focus on whole person wellness and sustainable progress. At Branches Auburn Hills, our outpatient facility, we provide structured Partial Hospitalization (PHP) and Intensive Outpatient (IOP) programs for adolescents and adults seeking continued support.
With peaceful views of Lake Galloway, Havenwyck Hospital offers a safe, supportive space for individuals of all ages to receive behavioral health services. Our team is passionate about helping each person build resilience, self-awareness and the tools needed to care for their mental health long after treatment. We deliver evidence-driven psychiatric care and rehabilitation with a focus on whole person wellness and sustainable progress. At Branches Auburn Hills, our outpatient facility, we provide structured Partial Hospitalization (PHP) and Intensive Outpatient (IOP) programs for adolescents and adults seeking continued support.
(248) 609-1732 View (248) 609-1732
Photo of Bruce Goldberg - River's Bend PC, Treatment Center, LMSW, ACSW, SAP, CAADC
River's Bend PC
Treatment Center
Serves Area
River's Bend PC is a full-service outpatient clinic that has been serving children, adolescents and adults for over 25 years. We offer comprehensive treatment services for mental health and chemical dependence at several levels of care. River's Bend PC provides its cost-effective behavioral health treatment in an outpatient setting. Our overall goal is to stabilize and maximize each client's well-being through the use of brief psychotherapy and appropriate psychotropic medications, if needed, in a dignified and respectful way.River's Bend PC is centrally located in the Troy area. Our highly qualified therapeutic staff consists of licensed professionals in Social Work, Psychology, Counseling, Marriage and Family Therapy, Substance Abuse Counseling and Psychiatry. Our offices provide a relaxing environment with convenient hours of operation and a dynamic range of services, from individual to group therapy for a wide variety of situations. River's Bend PC is accredited by The Joint Commission for Behavioral Health Care Services.
River's Bend PC is a full-service outpatient clinic that has been serving children, adolescents and adults for over 25 years. We offer comprehensive treatment services for mental health and chemical dependence at several levels of care. River's Bend PC provides its cost-effective behavioral health treatment in an outpatient setting. Our overall goal is to stabilize and maximize each client's well-being through the use of brief psychotherapy and appropriate psychotropic medications, if needed, in a dignified and respectful way.River's Bend PC is centrally located in the Troy area. Our highly qualified therapeutic staff consists of licensed professionals in Social Work, Psychology, Counseling, Marriage and Family Therapy, Substance Abuse Counseling and Psychiatry. Our offices provide a relaxing environment with convenient hours of operation and a dynamic range of services, from individual to group therapy for a wide variety of situations. River's Bend PC is accredited by The Joint Commission for Behavioral Health Care Services.
(248) 585-3239 View (248) 585-3239
Photo of Dennis Moye Branstetter Associates - Dennis, Moye, Branstetter & Associates, Treatment Center, LMSW, PhD, PsyD, MD, LMFT
Dennis, Moye, Branstetter & Associates
Treatment Center
Serves Area
We are a privately owned mental health clinic offering a full range of psychological services for children, adolescents, adults and older adults. The highly skilled and experienced staff is comprised of psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers and dieticians that have extensive clinical experience working with significant emotional, developmental, familial and relationship problems. The clinic has several nationally recognized researchers/clinicians that specialize in the treatment of eating disorders, ADD/ADHD and adolescent development.
We are a privately owned mental health clinic offering a full range of psychological services for children, adolescents, adults and older adults. The highly skilled and experienced staff is comprised of psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers and dieticians that have extensive clinical experience working with significant emotional, developmental, familial and relationship problems. The clinic has several nationally recognized researchers/clinicians that specialize in the treatment of eating disorders, ADD/ADHD and adolescent development.
(248) 728-6742 View (248) 728-6742
Photo of Birgit Amann - Behavioral Medical Center - Troy, Treatment Center, MD
Behavioral Medical Center - Troy
Treatment Center
Serves Area
The staff at the Behavioral Medical Center work with children, adolescents and adults with the goal of optimizing individuals overall level of functioning. We have physicians, nurse practitioners and therapists that work together collaboratively in order to help our patients and their families achieve their goals for personal growth and emotional improvements. We strive to provide a comfortable, supportive environment.
The staff at the Behavioral Medical Center work with children, adolescents and adults with the goal of optimizing individuals overall level of functioning. We have physicians, nurse practitioners and therapists that work together collaboratively in order to help our patients and their families achieve their goals for personal growth and emotional improvements. We strive to provide a comfortable, supportive environment.
(248) 975-7322 View (248) 975-7322
Photo of Franklin R Sollars - Sollars and Associates, Treatment Center, PhD, LP
Sollars and Associates
Treatment Center
Serves Area
I am a licensed psychologist and the clinical director of Sollars and Associates Integrative Counseling and Psychological Services. I have been providing counseling and psychotherapy for over 30 years in the Metro Detroit area and our group practice spans across the state of Michigan. With support, encouragement, and expert insight many people begin to feel better after their first session. Our therapists possess a great deal of experience in evaluating and working with children, adolescents, and families dealing with a variety of issues.
I am a licensed psychologist and the clinical director of Sollars and Associates Integrative Counseling and Psychological Services. I have been providing counseling and psychotherapy for over 30 years in the Metro Detroit area and our group practice spans across the state of Michigan. With support, encouragement, and expert insight many people begin to feel better after their first session. Our therapists possess a great deal of experience in evaluating and working with children, adolescents, and families dealing with a variety of issues.
(248) 862-1171 View (248) 862-1171

More Treatment Centers Nearby

Photo of Benjamin Brafman - The Sylvia Brafman Mental Health Center, Treatment Center, LCSW, CAP, MS
The Sylvia Brafman Mental Health Center
Treatment Center
Serves Area
The Sylvia Brafman Mental Health Center is a world-class behavioral health treatment center founded by widely recognized thought-leaders in mental health. We are committed to treating the primary mental health population and not trying to be "everything to everyone." Therefore, we focus on adults who struggle with anxiety, depression, bi-polar discorder, schizophrenia, personality disorders, mood disorders, thought disorders, and an array of other primary mental health conditions. We pride ourselves on helping form a bridge back to life so that patients can thrive, not merely survive, once they begin to feel better internally.
The Sylvia Brafman Mental Health Center is a world-class behavioral health treatment center founded by widely recognized thought-leaders in mental health. We are committed to treating the primary mental health population and not trying to be "everything to everyone." Therefore, we focus on adults who struggle with anxiety, depression, bi-polar discorder, schizophrenia, personality disorders, mood disorders, thought disorders, and an array of other primary mental health conditions. We pride ourselves on helping form a bridge back to life so that patients can thrive, not merely survive, once they begin to feel better internally.
(470) 802-4198 View (470) 802-4198
Photo of Kara Gross - Teen Depression Treatment Center at Evolve, Treatment Center
Teen Depression Treatment Center at Evolve
Treatment Center
Serves Area
Evolve offers proven, evidence-based therapy programs for teens struggling with mental health, substance use, or behavioral challenges. Our short-term residential treatment center (RTC) provides 24/7 supervision and individualized care in a safe, supportive setting. With only six teens in the program at a time, we deliver highly focused and personalized treatment. We also provide structured outpatient therapy through our full-day teen Partial Hospitalization Program (PHP) and after-school teen Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP). Families can expect compassionate care and meaningful progress at every step.
Evolve offers proven, evidence-based therapy programs for teens struggling with mental health, substance use, or behavioral challenges. Our short-term residential treatment center (RTC) provides 24/7 supervision and individualized care in a safe, supportive setting. With only six teens in the program at a time, we deliver highly focused and personalized treatment. We also provide structured outpatient therapy through our full-day teen Partial Hospitalization Program (PHP) and after-school teen Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP). Families can expect compassionate care and meaningful progress at every step.
(925) 478-5244 View (925) 478-5244
Photo of Aster Springs Ohio - Aster Springs Ohio, Treatment Center
Aster Springs Ohio
Treatment Center
Serves Area
At Aster Springs Ohio, we take an innovative, evidence-based approach to support clients and families on their recovery journey. We provide compassionate care for all genders, ages 10+, helping each person reclaim their life, health, and future. Our adolescent programs balance schoolwork with treatment, ensuring recovery stays the priority. Located in a peaceful, private setting along 10-Mile Creek, Aster Springs Ohio offers a therapeutic environment designed to foster healing and growth.
At Aster Springs Ohio, we take an innovative, evidence-based approach to support clients and families on their recovery journey. We provide compassionate care for all genders, ages 10+, helping each person reclaim their life, health, and future. Our adolescent programs balance schoolwork with treatment, ensuring recovery stays the priority. Located in a peaceful, private setting along 10-Mile Creek, Aster Springs Ohio offers a therapeutic environment designed to foster healing and growth.
(419) 318-1654 View (419) 318-1654
Photo of Heather Crews - Catholic Charities of Southeast Michigan, Treatment Center
Services are available regardless of race, religion, age, gender, disability, national origin, or income. Providing help and giving hope with family life cycle concerns like: Anxiety, depression, and obsessive compulsive disorder, anger management, substance abuse and addiction behaviors, adoption, pregnancy, marital challenges, pre-marriage counseling, relationship conflicts (school, family, work), court ordered counseling, attention deficit disorders (ADHD), problems resulting from unemployment, aging issues, life changes, stress management, grief and loss, illness or chronic illness adjustments, adolescent/childhood problems, loneliness or inability to socially interact school related problems, domestic violence, abuse or neglect of children, and work/industry issues. Our therapists respond to each person or family with a tailored approach based on their particular need to help address and resolve the issues that hinder or disrupt their lives at home, school and work. The strengths of that person or family are leveraged in their therapy program to promote growth, insight, and autonomy. Professional counseling can help individuals change ideas, behaviors, or relationships that are painful, hurtful, or destructive and help to promote positive mental, spiritual, physical, and emotional wellbeing.
Services are available regardless of race, religion, age, gender, disability, national origin, or income. Providing help and giving hope with family life cycle concerns like: Anxiety, depression, and obsessive compulsive disorder, anger management, substance abuse and addiction behaviors, adoption, pregnancy, marital challenges, pre-marriage counseling, relationship conflicts (school, family, work), court ordered counseling, attention deficit disorders (ADHD), problems resulting from unemployment, aging issues, life changes, stress management, grief and loss, illness or chronic illness adjustments, adolescent/childhood problems, loneliness or inability to socially interact school related problems, domestic violence, abuse or neglect of children, and work/industry issues. Our therapists respond to each person or family with a tailored approach based on their particular need to help address and resolve the issues that hinder or disrupt their lives at home, school and work. The strengths of that person or family are leveraged in their therapy program to promote growth, insight, and autonomy. Professional counseling can help individuals change ideas, behaviors, or relationships that are painful, hurtful, or destructive and help to promote positive mental, spiritual, physical, and emotional wellbeing.
(248) 230-4570 x3100 View (248) 230-4570 x3100
Photo of Various Staff - Easterseals MORC, Treatment Center
Easterseals MORC
Treatment Center
Southfield, MI 48075
Easterseals MORC has been offering disability services since 1920. As one of the largest providers of mental health services in the state, Easterseals MORC evolves to meet the ever-changing needs of the people they serve. By combining the latest mental health therapies along with cutting edge technology, Easterseals MORC is able to offer the best services for most mental health disabilities, serving individuals of all ages.
Easterseals MORC has been offering disability services since 1920. As one of the largest providers of mental health services in the state, Easterseals MORC evolves to meet the ever-changing needs of the people they serve. By combining the latest mental health therapies along with cutting edge technology, Easterseals MORC is able to offer the best services for most mental health disabilities, serving individuals of all ages.
(248) 870-3175 View (248) 870-3175
Photo of Kara Gross - Teen Addiction Treatment Center at Evolve, Treatment Center
Teen Addiction Treatment Center at Evolve
Treatment Center
Serves Area
Evolve’s caring, customized approach helps teens break free from addiction and rebuild hope for a better future We offer therapeutic programs for teens, including short-term residential treatment. Our RTC for teens serves only six clients at a time, allowing for truly individualized care, 24/7 support and supervision, and evidence-based therapies. In addition, Evolve provides structured outpatient therapy for teens through our full-day teen Partial Hospitalization Program (PHP) and after-school teen Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP). Rooted in compassion and connection, our teen treatment programs help adolescents heal and grow
Evolve’s caring, customized approach helps teens break free from addiction and rebuild hope for a better future We offer therapeutic programs for teens, including short-term residential treatment. Our RTC for teens serves only six clients at a time, allowing for truly individualized care, 24/7 support and supervision, and evidence-based therapies. In addition, Evolve provides structured outpatient therapy for teens through our full-day teen Partial Hospitalization Program (PHP) and after-school teen Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP). Rooted in compassion and connection, our teen treatment programs help adolescents heal and grow
(925) 397-4697 View (925) 397-4697
Photo of Lori Edelson - Birmingham Maple Clinic, Treatment Center, LMSW, ACSW, LMFT
Birmingham Maple Clinic
Treatment Center
Troy, MI 48084
Since 1972, Birmingham Maple Clinic’s therapists have been providing mental health services designed to meet the needs of individuals, couples, families, groups and the Metro-Detroit community. Birmingham Maple Clinic comprises the most highly experienced and qualified professionals in the fields of Psychiatry, Psychology and Social Work. After many years of experience in other agencies, hospitals and private practice, clinicians have chosen to join Birmingham Maple Clinic to continue their advanced professional practices. The clinic is nationally accredited by the Council On Accreditation.
Since 1972, Birmingham Maple Clinic’s therapists have been providing mental health services designed to meet the needs of individuals, couples, families, groups and the Metro-Detroit community. Birmingham Maple Clinic comprises the most highly experienced and qualified professionals in the fields of Psychiatry, Psychology and Social Work. After many years of experience in other agencies, hospitals and private practice, clinicians have chosen to join Birmingham Maple Clinic to continue their advanced professional practices. The clinic is nationally accredited by the Council On Accreditation.
(947) 217-6869 View (947) 217-6869
Photo of Sabrina F Mitchell - Full Circle Psychology, LLC, Treatment Center, LMSW, CAADC
Full Circle Psychology, LLC
Treatment Center
Northville, MI 48167
We provide outpatient individual sessions in a therapeutic, professional, and safe environment. We bring nearly 20 years of expertise, specializing in anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, divorce, shame, trauma, abuse, anger, panic, and addiction. We take all the necessary steps to ensure clients feel open and comfortable to explore and identify their unique goals. Services are always individualized and always client-driven.
We provide outpatient individual sessions in a therapeutic, professional, and safe environment. We bring nearly 20 years of expertise, specializing in anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, divorce, shame, trauma, abuse, anger, panic, and addiction. We take all the necessary steps to ensure clients feel open and comfortable to explore and identify their unique goals. Services are always individualized and always client-driven.
(734) 441-9556 View (734) 441-9556
Photo of Front Desk Receptionist - Stepping Stones Counseling Center, PLLC, Treatment Center
Stepping Stones Counseling Center, PLLC
Treatment Center
1 Endorsed
Clinton Township, MI 48036
Our mission and vision at Stepping Stones is to help people attain their fullest potential based on their own unique strengths and abilities by providing comprehensive and integrated treatment that promotes health and quality of life. We also employ the highest standard of professionalism and confidentiality and have worked to offer a comfortable and compassionate environment.
Our mission and vision at Stepping Stones is to help people attain their fullest potential based on their own unique strengths and abilities by providing comprehensive and integrated treatment that promotes health and quality of life. We also employ the highest standard of professionalism and confidentiality and have worked to offer a comfortable and compassionate environment.
(586) 204-1914 View (586) 204-1914
Photo of Kara Gross - Evolve DBT Residential Treatment Center for Teens, Treatment Center
At Evolve, we specialize in compassionate, individualized care for teens struggling with mental health, substance use, and behavioral challenges. Our short-term Residential Treatment Center (RTC) offers a safe, structured, and supportive environment where healing can begin. With only six teens in each home, we provide 24/7 supervision, personalized attention, and evidence-based therapies tailored to each adolescent’s unique needs. Rooted in empathy, connection, and clinical excellence, our RTC helps teens rediscover hope, build resilience, and take meaningful steps toward lasting wellness.
At Evolve, we specialize in compassionate, individualized care for teens struggling with mental health, substance use, and behavioral challenges. Our short-term Residential Treatment Center (RTC) offers a safe, structured, and supportive environment where healing can begin. With only six teens in each home, we provide 24/7 supervision, personalized attention, and evidence-based therapies tailored to each adolescent’s unique needs. Rooted in empathy, connection, and clinical excellence, our RTC helps teens rediscover hope, build resilience, and take meaningful steps toward lasting wellness.
(925) 306-1390 View (925) 306-1390
Photo of Melissa Gratzinger - Ann Arbor Counseling Associates, Treatment Center, LPC, MSW, LMFT
Ann Arbor Counseling Associates
Treatment Center
Serves Area
We are a woman-owned, anti-racist, and LGBTQIA+ affirming practice dedicated to creating a safe, inclusive space for all. Our clinicians provide both therapy and medication management for children, teens, adults, couples, families, available in person or virtually. We specialize in assessment and treatment of ADHD, trauma, treatment-resistant depression, anxiety, behavioral concerns, and relationship challenges. Our approach is compassionate, collaborative, and evidence-based, helping you feel understood, supported, and empowered to make meaningful change in your life.
We are a woman-owned, anti-racist, and LGBTQIA+ affirming practice dedicated to creating a safe, inclusive space for all. Our clinicians provide both therapy and medication management for children, teens, adults, couples, families, available in person or virtually. We specialize in assessment and treatment of ADHD, trauma, treatment-resistant depression, anxiety, behavioral concerns, and relationship challenges. Our approach is compassionate, collaborative, and evidence-based, helping you feel understood, supported, and empowered to make meaningful change in your life.
(734) 410-6267 View (734) 410-6267
Photo of Sylvia Johnson - Michigan Center for Traumatic Stress, Treatment Center, LMSW, LPC
Michigan Center for Traumatic Stress
Treatment Center
1 Endorsed
Healing can take different paths and each journey is unique. We are focused on making sure you feel connected during your journey by building a meaningful and therapeutic relationship while getting the roots of what led you here. MCTS specializes in trauma and traumatic stress. In addition, our therapists bring a wider-range of experience in treating different diagnoses, ages, backgrounds, and levels of care.
Healing can take different paths and each journey is unique. We are focused on making sure you feel connected during your journey by building a meaningful and therapeutic relationship while getting the roots of what led you here. MCTS specializes in trauma and traumatic stress. In addition, our therapists bring a wider-range of experience in treating different diagnoses, ages, backgrounds, and levels of care.
(586) 315-3246 View (586) 315-3246

See more therapy options for Rochester Hills

FAQs - About Treatment Centers and Rehab

How can I find a treatment center in Rochester Hills?

The Psychology Today Directory has customizable search options that show potential treatment centers tailored to your location, including inpatient or outpatient, the types of insurance accepted, and even the programs the center specializes in. Finding the right treatment center can be vitally important, and the dropdown filters make it easier to find the best fit for you or your loved one.

How do treatment centers work?

There are treatment centers for individuals dealing with psychiatric issues as well as for those dealing with substance use or addiction, or who are dealing with both, also known as co-occurring disorders. The type of program that is right for an individual depends on their medical and mental health history, the severity of the issues they are dealing with, as well as their treatment goals. Individuals using the directory can filter to find a center best-suited to them based on their gender, the issues they are facing, such as addiction or a mental health condition, or the type of treatments they are seeking.

What is the difference between inpatient and outpatient treatments?

In an inpatient or residential treatment program, individuals receive treatment while living in a facility and have 24/7 access to care by medical professionals. There are various forms of outpatient treatment that offer different levels of care, including Intensive Outpatient Programs (IOPs) and Partial Hospitalization Programs (PHPs). PHPs tend to offer more time-intensive, supervised care than IOPs. Aftercare is another option that offers ongoing treatment for an individual recovering from substance use or addiction after they have achieved initial sobriety, which can take the form of either an inpatient or outpatient program.

How long is rehab?

Short term treatment usually lasts less than 30 days, while long term programs can last 60 days, 90 days, or longer, depending on the needs and goals of the individual and the structure of the program. Individuals searching for a treatment program in the directory can filter results by duration.

How much does rehab cost?

The price of treatment varies according to the length and type of service you search for, such as detox treatment, residential treatment, or outpatient treatment, as well as location and amenities offered. Non-profit centers are typically less expensive than private centers, but may have longer wait lists. Using the filters on the Psychology Today Treatment Center Directory can help narrow down which centers accept insurance plans, and, if so, which ones.

Does insurance cover rehab?

Health insurance typically covers rehab, but the extent of coverage depends on the particular policy, the treatment provider, and the needs of the individual. Individuals are encouraged to check with their insurance providers prior to entering a treatment program. Once you have confirmed coverage, you can use the Insurance filter on the Psychology Today Treatment Center Directory to find and contact centers that accept your insurance.

How do you get someone who refuses treatment into rehab?

It is important to convey compassion and understanding toward an individual dealing with an addiction problem. If a person refuses treatment at first, it’s important for their loved ones to continue to express their concerns in a kind and respectful manner, and to periodically encourage them to get help. It can take time for someone dealing with addiction to gain the motivation to make a change. In the meantime, it can be helpful for loved ones to set boundaries with the individual and educate themselves on the many treatment options that exist in order to have more informed conversations regarding recovery.