Therapists in Colorado Springs, CO

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Photo of Evelyn Joy Farmer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colorado Springs, CO
Evelyn Joy Farmer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-S, CCTP, MFT-US
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Colorado Springs, CO 80903
I believe in five distinct ideas: 1) every person is unique with their own perspectives and ideas, 2) we all struggle at some point, 3) as human beings, we all have within our power the ability to help others, 4) therapy is a powerful and useful tool, and 5) happiness is limitless. Whether I meet you in person or in an online session, the space becomes yours. It's about your wants, your needs, your struggle, your hopes, your dreams, your plan, and your vision of the future. My purpose in life is to help others achieve goals. My passion is doing so through therapy.
I believe in five distinct ideas: 1) every person is unique with their own perspectives and ideas, 2) we all struggle at some point, 3) as human beings, we all have within our power the ability to help others, 4) therapy is a powerful and useful tool, and 5) happiness is limitless. Whether I meet you in person or in an online session, the space becomes yours. It's about your wants, your needs, your struggle, your hopes, your dreams, your plan, and your vision of the future. My purpose in life is to help others achieve goals. My passion is doing so through therapy.
(719) 249-5502 View (719) 249-5502
Photo of Anthony Gauthier, Counselor in Colorado Springs, CO
Anthony Gauthier
Counselor, MS, ADDC, LPCC
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80910
Waitlist for new clients
I have worked in the mental health and substance abuse community for over 15 years through volunteer work, in-patient and outpatient services, detox and emergency room settings. I provide a client centered approach through depression, anxiety, substance abuse, coping skill development, boundary and communication improvement. I strive to raise mental health awareness and focus on improving life skills to build a better sense of self and desire to serve the communities in which you reside.
I have worked in the mental health and substance abuse community for over 15 years through volunteer work, in-patient and outpatient services, detox and emergency room settings. I provide a client centered approach through depression, anxiety, substance abuse, coping skill development, boundary and communication improvement. I strive to raise mental health awareness and focus on improving life skills to build a better sense of self and desire to serve the communities in which you reside.
(719) 223-3769 View (719) 223-3769
Photo of Melton Counseling LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colorado Springs, CO
Melton Counseling LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80909
I am a licensed Professional Counselor with over 19 years experience. Over the years I have had the opportunity to work with clients with many challenges. I know how quickly things can happen and forever change our lives. If you have decided that now is the time to reach out and let a professional come into your life I would be happy to be that person to help you along your journey. I offer initial assessments to give us the opportunity to get acquainted.
I am a licensed Professional Counselor with over 19 years experience. Over the years I have had the opportunity to work with clients with many challenges. I know how quickly things can happen and forever change our lives. If you have decided that now is the time to reach out and let a professional come into your life I would be happy to be that person to help you along your journey. I offer initial assessments to give us the opportunity to get acquainted.
(719) 387-4808 View (719) 387-4808
Photo of Gina Sagona, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colorado Springs, CO
Gina Sagona
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ATR
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80906
Life is messy and turbulent. Sometimes we can’t find the right words to express our inner experiences. I utilize experiential and developmentally appropriate interventions to join clients in navigating the storms until we reach steady waters and clearer skies. Through art making and play, we process what we may not have the vocabulary to discuss yet.
Life is messy and turbulent. Sometimes we can’t find the right words to express our inner experiences. I utilize experiential and developmentally appropriate interventions to join clients in navigating the storms until we reach steady waters and clearer skies. Through art making and play, we process what we may not have the vocabulary to discuss yet.
(719) 416-4138 View (719) 416-4138
Photo of Terry L. Lambright, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colorado Springs, CO
Terry L. Lambright
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Colorado Springs, CO 80907
Is your personal life, marriage, or organization at a stuck-point? Sometimes, the best thing you can do is reach out to someone who will look at the situation with another set of eyes; come along side you in a caring, professional manner; and guide you to the solutions you need. Often, that perspective comes best from someone with the education, training, and experience who will take you beyond easy, temporary fixes to real strategies for lasting change. You and I can achieve this through one-on-one therapy; marriage counseling; or conferences, seminars, and retreats.
Is your personal life, marriage, or organization at a stuck-point? Sometimes, the best thing you can do is reach out to someone who will look at the situation with another set of eyes; come along side you in a caring, professional manner; and guide you to the solutions you need. Often, that perspective comes best from someone with the education, training, and experience who will take you beyond easy, temporary fixes to real strategies for lasting change. You and I can achieve this through one-on-one therapy; marriage counseling; or conferences, seminars, and retreats.
(719) 344-2069 View (719) 344-2069
Photo of Rachel Everett, Marriage & Family Therapist in Colorado Springs, CO
Rachel Everett
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80918  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome to my page. It is so important to find a therapist you feel is a good fit for you! As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, relationships are my bread and butter. I work with adolescents, adults, families, and couples to identify what is and isn't working in relationships, so you can practice setting boundaries, communicating needs, and living in accordance with your values. Looking at our environment helps us identify what we can control to reduce anxiety, depression, and trauma symptoms. I am trained in EMDR, ACT, and Gottman Method Couples Therapy. Note for clients in WA: I am only paneled with Aetna and Cigna in WA.
Welcome to my page. It is so important to find a therapist you feel is a good fit for you! As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, relationships are my bread and butter. I work with adolescents, adults, families, and couples to identify what is and isn't working in relationships, so you can practice setting boundaries, communicating needs, and living in accordance with your values. Looking at our environment helps us identify what we can control to reduce anxiety, depression, and trauma symptoms. I am trained in EMDR, ACT, and Gottman Method Couples Therapy. Note for clients in WA: I am only paneled with Aetna and Cigna in WA.
(719) 624-3379 View (719) 624-3379
Photo of Mindful Connections Mental Health, LLC in Colorado Springs, CO
Mindful Connections Mental Health, LLC
PsyD, BC-TMH, CCATP
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80918
Mindful Connections offers individual, couples, family and group counseling for a variety of concerns. Whether clients are simply struggling with everyday life changes or managing significant mental health concerns, MCMH can help! Our providers work with clients as young as 6 years old. The variety of modalities and focuses offered by our providers ensures we can address the concerns of our unique clients from multiple perspectives, creating a safe, comfortable environment that truly assists in meeting collaboratively established goals through interventions clearly outlined and agreed upon between client and provider.
Mindful Connections offers individual, couples, family and group counseling for a variety of concerns. Whether clients are simply struggling with everyday life changes or managing significant mental health concerns, MCMH can help! Our providers work with clients as young as 6 years old. The variety of modalities and focuses offered by our providers ensures we can address the concerns of our unique clients from multiple perspectives, creating a safe, comfortable environment that truly assists in meeting collaboratively established goals through interventions clearly outlined and agreed upon between client and provider.
(719) 350-5478 View (719) 350-5478
Photo of Susan Wismer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Colorado Springs, CO
Susan Wismer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80909
Life can be immensely challenging. Even writing that out- encapsulating that complexity in so few words- feels reductive. I recognize that managing emotions, behavior, relationships, and thoughts can feel like juggling without knowing how. Past experiences and worries about the future can weigh heavily. As humans we are wired to sort things out in relationships- a key reason why therapy can help.
Life can be immensely challenging. Even writing that out- encapsulating that complexity in so few words- feels reductive. I recognize that managing emotions, behavior, relationships, and thoughts can feel like juggling without knowing how. Past experiences and worries about the future can weigh heavily. As humans we are wired to sort things out in relationships- a key reason why therapy can help.
(719) 451-7756 View (719) 451-7756
Photo of Mackenzie Drohan, Clinical Social Work Candidate in Colorado Springs, CO
Mackenzie Drohan
Clinical Social Work Candidate, MSW, SWC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Colorado Springs, CO 80918
Not accepting new clients
Has standard talk therapy not quite worked for you? You are stuck in unhealthy patterns that you recognize but cannot break free of. Unmanaged stress manifests as anxiety and tension throughout your body. Are you ready to step into your power and process through your unique challenges? My friends and family call me "Mackie" and I prefer that you do too! My approach to the therapeutic relationship focuses on fostering personal evolution through an empowerment and strengths perspective. I commonly assist clients with general anxiety, stress management, interpersonal relationships, and gaining self-discovery/insight.
Has standard talk therapy not quite worked for you? You are stuck in unhealthy patterns that you recognize but cannot break free of. Unmanaged stress manifests as anxiety and tension throughout your body. Are you ready to step into your power and process through your unique challenges? My friends and family call me "Mackie" and I prefer that you do too! My approach to the therapeutic relationship focuses on fostering personal evolution through an empowerment and strengths perspective. I commonly assist clients with general anxiety, stress management, interpersonal relationships, and gaining self-discovery/insight.
(719) 454-8310 View (719) 454-8310
Photo of Gene' J Henderson, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Colorado Springs, CO
Gene' J Henderson
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LAC, MAC, SAP
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80920
Gené has a remarkable sum of over 30 years of experience in the substance abuse and mental health fields. Mrs. Henderson participated, prepared, and supervised the development of drug and alcohol policies throughout the State of Colorado. She earned her Bachelor's Degree in Science and a Masters Degree of Science in Rehabilitation Counseling from the Emporia State University and a Masters of Art from North Central University. She is also a National Certified Addiction Counselor II (NCAC II), a State Licensed Addiction Counselor (LAC), and a Substance Abuse Professional (SAP). Her specialty is chemical dependency.
Gené has a remarkable sum of over 30 years of experience in the substance abuse and mental health fields. Mrs. Henderson participated, prepared, and supervised the development of drug and alcohol policies throughout the State of Colorado. She earned her Bachelor's Degree in Science and a Masters Degree of Science in Rehabilitation Counseling from the Emporia State University and a Masters of Art from North Central University. She is also a National Certified Addiction Counselor II (NCAC II), a State Licensed Addiction Counselor (LAC), and a Substance Abuse Professional (SAP). Her specialty is chemical dependency.
(719) 722-3731 View (719) 722-3731
Photo of Ashley Gonzales, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colorado Springs, CO
Ashley Gonzales
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80920
I believe that everyone experiences stress, trauma, crisis, grief, sadness, anger and frustration at some point. We all handle these experiences and emotions differently and sometimes we may not know how to find our way back to happiness and wholeness. None of us are perfect and it’s ok to ask for help.
I believe that everyone experiences stress, trauma, crisis, grief, sadness, anger and frustration at some point. We all handle these experiences and emotions differently and sometimes we may not know how to find our way back to happiness and wholeness. None of us are perfect and it’s ok to ask for help.
(719) 752-5842 View (719) 752-5842
Photo of Amber Roper, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colorado Springs, CO
Amber Roper
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80918  (Online Only)
I strongly believe in the significance of mental health for overall well-being. The mind serves as the central operating system of one's life, and nurturing it is crucial for shaping a prosperous future. With a deep-rooted commitment to assisting individuals in achieving emotional, mental, and spiritual wholeness, I draw upon my personal experiences and academic background to offer empathetic, compassionate, and attentive care. My ultimate objective is to guide you towards discovering and embracing the very best version of yourself.
I strongly believe in the significance of mental health for overall well-being. The mind serves as the central operating system of one's life, and nurturing it is crucial for shaping a prosperous future. With a deep-rooted commitment to assisting individuals in achieving emotional, mental, and spiritual wholeness, I draw upon my personal experiences and academic background to offer empathetic, compassionate, and attentive care. My ultimate objective is to guide you towards discovering and embracing the very best version of yourself.
(719) 356-4174 View (719) 356-4174
Photo of Emma Bracchi, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colorado Springs, CO
Emma Bracchi
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80909  (Online Only)
Are you feeling stuck or alone in your process? Maybe that you’re drowning in your thoughts or having difficulty enduring this thing we like to call “life?” Life is about enduring and that comes with its challenges. As humans, we don’t endure well alone. Trauma is not what has happened to us, it’s how we are impacted by what’s happened. Whether or not we like the word, we all have levels of trauma and need a place to sort through it. Trauma can be a scary word, but I want to emphasize that even the silent treatment is a big T trauma to a little kid, which can impact their functioning for a lifetime.
Are you feeling stuck or alone in your process? Maybe that you’re drowning in your thoughts or having difficulty enduring this thing we like to call “life?” Life is about enduring and that comes with its challenges. As humans, we don’t endure well alone. Trauma is not what has happened to us, it’s how we are impacted by what’s happened. Whether or not we like the word, we all have levels of trauma and need a place to sort through it. Trauma can be a scary word, but I want to emphasize that even the silent treatment is a big T trauma to a little kid, which can impact their functioning for a lifetime.
(719) 645-4201 View (719) 645-4201
Photo of Jose Ramon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Colorado Springs, CO
Jose Ramon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Colorado Springs, CO 80909
Waitlist for new clients
I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a focus on helping clients rebuild, restructure and work through tough situations. I have a strong background in the natural sciences and philsophy and incorporate this experience into my clinical work and have found this to be a very effective approach in seeing clients effectively work through and resolve issues in their lives. I primarily focus on a cognitive behavioral therapy approach as it is an applied model to use as a template that describes the internal distress with specific methods to apply and reduce severity of those stressors.
I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a focus on helping clients rebuild, restructure and work through tough situations. I have a strong background in the natural sciences and philsophy and incorporate this experience into my clinical work and have found this to be a very effective approach in seeing clients effectively work through and resolve issues in their lives. I primarily focus on a cognitive behavioral therapy approach as it is an applied model to use as a template that describes the internal distress with specific methods to apply and reduce severity of those stressors.
(719) 212-1845 View (719) 212-1845
Photo of You Are Worthy Counseling Services, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Colorado Springs, CO
You Are Worthy Counseling Services, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CSW
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80919
Are you struggling to find your place or purpose within society or in life in general? Are you ready to work on your relationship? Perhaps you are ready to break free from those social norms and are hoping to build your own confident identity? Maybe you are ready to break from the generational or multigenerational trauma that has been normalized in your life? Yamel can help you heal from the effects of various traumas in a culturally-competent, affirming manner. As a first generation Latina in her family, she is well versed in the struggles and difficulties of finding your voice and reclaiming or reconstructing your identity or life
Are you struggling to find your place or purpose within society or in life in general? Are you ready to work on your relationship? Perhaps you are ready to break free from those social norms and are hoping to build your own confident identity? Maybe you are ready to break from the generational or multigenerational trauma that has been normalized in your life? Yamel can help you heal from the effects of various traumas in a culturally-competent, affirming manner. As a first generation Latina in her family, she is well versed in the struggles and difficulties of finding your voice and reclaiming or reconstructing your identity or life
(719) 800-7540 View (719) 800-7540
Photo of Fred Rhodes, Pre-Licensed Professional in Colorado Springs, CO
Fred Rhodes
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80918  (Online Only)
Fred Rhodes is a Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate (LPCC) with over 3 years of experience working with children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families. Fred specializes in treating anxiety, depression, PTSD, substance use, trauma, attachment-based issues, identity struggles, mood disorders, and more.
Fred Rhodes is a Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate (LPCC) with over 3 years of experience working with children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families. Fred specializes in treating anxiety, depression, PTSD, substance use, trauma, attachment-based issues, identity struggles, mood disorders, and more.
(719) 223-4594 View (719) 223-4594
Photo of Dr. Eliza Weitbrecht, Psychologist in Colorado Springs, CO
Dr. Eliza Weitbrecht
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Colorado Springs, CO 80909
Are you feeling stuck, lost, or unsettled? Having difficulties in relationships? Sometimes it's hard to describe exactly "what's wrong" or what's missing in our lives, yet the hope for change, for healing, for "something" to be different persists, and rightly so.​ I utilize an evidence-based approach in therapy and tailor interventions to help you get what you need, to empower you to reach your goals, and to encourage you to hold onto what works in life and to let go of what doesn't.
Are you feeling stuck, lost, or unsettled? Having difficulties in relationships? Sometimes it's hard to describe exactly "what's wrong" or what's missing in our lives, yet the hope for change, for healing, for "something" to be different persists, and rightly so.​ I utilize an evidence-based approach in therapy and tailor interventions to help you get what you need, to empower you to reach your goals, and to encourage you to hold onto what works in life and to let go of what doesn't.
(719) 767-1719 View (719) 767-1719
Photo of Melissa Ceren, Counselor in Colorado Springs, CO
Melissa Ceren
Counselor, LPC, MEd, EdS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Colorado Springs, CO 80918
Disconnection, over-stimulation, purposelessness. Hard times in life can make us lose touch with who we are and how we find peace. You want to feel like yourself again so that you can meet your goals, show up better in relationships, and not feel so stressed all of the time.
Disconnection, over-stimulation, purposelessness. Hard times in life can make us lose touch with who we are and how we find peace. You want to feel like yourself again so that you can meet your goals, show up better in relationships, and not feel so stressed all of the time.
(719) 735-5970 View (719) 735-5970
Photo of Jennifer Welch, Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate in Colorado Springs, CO
Jennifer Welch
Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate, LPCC
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80920
I strive to create a safe, caring environment where my clients self-reflect, grow, and develop. My vision is to provide a holistic and wellness focused service that promotes healthy social-emotional development, goal setting, and restoration. My mission is to create an environment that fosters my client's ability to resolve and bring change, attain goals, emphasize strengths, and reach one's full potential. I am passionate about restoring and growing marriages, families, and adults.
I strive to create a safe, caring environment where my clients self-reflect, grow, and develop. My vision is to provide a holistic and wellness focused service that promotes healthy social-emotional development, goal setting, and restoration. My mission is to create an environment that fosters my client's ability to resolve and bring change, attain goals, emphasize strengths, and reach one's full potential. I am passionate about restoring and growing marriages, families, and adults.
(719) 301-5749 View (719) 301-5749
Photo of Phoenix Flight Counseling and Consulting, Clinical Social Work Candidate in Colorado Springs, CO
Phoenix Flight Counseling and Consulting
Clinical Social Work Candidate, SWC
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80909
I love working with people who have anxiety and/or depression. Their issues may be broad as depression may look very different person to person. Their needs, too, may vary greatly. Everyone's goals may differ, but within my work with individuals the goal should be to mitigate anxiety, decrease depressive symptoms, and reawaken a sense of hope.
I love working with people who have anxiety and/or depression. Their issues may be broad as depression may look very different person to person. Their needs, too, may vary greatly. Everyone's goals may differ, but within my work with individuals the goal should be to mitigate anxiety, decrease depressive symptoms, and reawaken a sense of hope.
(719) 625-3389 View (719) 625-3389

See more therapy options for Colorado Springs

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Colorado Springs, CO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Colorado Springs, CO who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
77% Trauma and PTSD
74% Relationship Issues
71% Self Esteem
68% Coping Skills
68% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
73% Cigna and Evernorth
71% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Colorado Springs, CO see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Colorado Springs?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.