Therapists in Allentown, PA

Photo of Andrea Kravelick, Licensed Professional Counselor in Allentown, PA
Andrea Kravelick
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Allentown, PA 18103  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Therapy is a journey that empowers you to reach your individual goals. Together, we will gain awareness, make strides towards change, and heal from the stressors that life brings you. Let's together create a safe place to move through each stage of change for your continued ability to apply skills needed to your everyday life.
Therapy is a journey that empowers you to reach your individual goals. Together, we will gain awareness, make strides towards change, and heal from the stressors that life brings you. Let's together create a safe place to move through each stage of change for your continued ability to apply skills needed to your everyday life.
(610) 467-5571 View (610) 467-5571
Photo of Jordan Martin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Allentown, PA
Jordan Martin
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Allentown, PA 18103  (Online Only)
Hi there, I'm Jordan. Counseling provides a supportive, non-judgmental, safe atmosphere in which to process your concerns and help you learn ways to feel and do better. I'm so glad you are taking this step to invest in yourself and your well-being! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Pennsylvania and have been working in the counseling field since 2015, initially with children and families in a community-based setting, and presently with adults in individual therapy.
Hi there, I'm Jordan. Counseling provides a supportive, non-judgmental, safe atmosphere in which to process your concerns and help you learn ways to feel and do better. I'm so glad you are taking this step to invest in yourself and your well-being! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Pennsylvania and have been working in the counseling field since 2015, initially with children and families in a community-based setting, and presently with adults in individual therapy.
(484) 759-9585 View (484) 759-9585
Photo of Jennifer Senquiz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Allentown, PA
Jennifer Senquiz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CAADC
Verified Verified
Allentown, PA 18102  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
If you are ready to start a new chapter in your life's journey, I would be honored to walk with you. I am committed to offer a non-judgmental, safe and comfortable space that cultivates compassion, healing, and growth. I have served for more than 10 years in the areas of mental health, and drug & alcohol, - specializing in the care of trauma, anxiety, depression and addiction. Together we can further your understanding of yourself, overcome challenges, and strive to be - the best version of yourself. It would be a privilege to collaborate and work with you.
If you are ready to start a new chapter in your life's journey, I would be honored to walk with you. I am committed to offer a non-judgmental, safe and comfortable space that cultivates compassion, healing, and growth. I have served for more than 10 years in the areas of mental health, and drug & alcohol, - specializing in the care of trauma, anxiety, depression and addiction. Together we can further your understanding of yourself, overcome challenges, and strive to be - the best version of yourself. It would be a privilege to collaborate and work with you.
(610) 839-8061 View (610) 839-8061
Photo of Victoria Cooper, Licensed Professional Counselor in Allentown, PA
Victoria Cooper
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, LBS
Verified Verified
Allentown, PA 18103
Thank you for stopping by, it's nice to meet you! I'm Victoria, the owner of The Consulting Firm. I've been in the psychology field for the past 15 years and it has been such a fulfilling experience to learn and support people from so many different demographics, backgrounds, statuses and cultures. Throughout my career, I noticed that there was a group of individuals who were often overlooked: leaders. So I decided to create a lane for them. The Consulting Firm offers therapy to leaders, executives, and business owners to ensure that they're succeeding personally and professionally.
Thank you for stopping by, it's nice to meet you! I'm Victoria, the owner of The Consulting Firm. I've been in the psychology field for the past 15 years and it has been such a fulfilling experience to learn and support people from so many different demographics, backgrounds, statuses and cultures. Throughout my career, I noticed that there was a group of individuals who were often overlooked: leaders. So I decided to create a lane for them. The Consulting Firm offers therapy to leaders, executives, and business owners to ensure that they're succeeding personally and professionally.
(484) 376-4755 View (484) 376-4755
Photo of Stephanie Compton, Licensed Professional Counselor in Allentown, PA
Stephanie Compton
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Allentown, PA 18104  (Online Only)
Stephanie Corinne Compton-Bain is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 10 years of experience working with clients experiencing anxiety, depression, autism, ADHD, relationship conflicts, life transitions, trauma, abuse, and more.
Stephanie Corinne Compton-Bain is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 10 years of experience working with clients experiencing anxiety, depression, autism, ADHD, relationship conflicts, life transitions, trauma, abuse, and more.
(610) 810-3527 View (610) 810-3527
Photo of Dawn Grochowiak, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Allentown, PA
Dawn Grochowiak
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Allentown, PA 18104  (Online Only)
Dawn Grochowiak is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years of experience working with individuals, children & adolescents, and families. There is not a “one size fits all” approach to therapy, so Dawn will spend time understanding her clients’ experiences. Dawn will work to develop a personalized approach to address issues like stress, anxiety, depression, life transitions, or family and relationship issues. Dawn is passionate about building upon clients’ strengths, instilling hope, and providing a safe, warm, and accepting space to look inside and explore thoughts and feelings.
Dawn Grochowiak is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years of experience working with individuals, children & adolescents, and families. There is not a “one size fits all” approach to therapy, so Dawn will spend time understanding her clients’ experiences. Dawn will work to develop a personalized approach to address issues like stress, anxiety, depression, life transitions, or family and relationship issues. Dawn is passionate about building upon clients’ strengths, instilling hope, and providing a safe, warm, and accepting space to look inside and explore thoughts and feelings.
(610) 632-5295 View (610) 632-5295
Photo of Dawn Seeburger, Licensed Professional Counselor in Allentown, PA
Dawn Seeburger
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Allentown, PA 18104
Dawn Seeburger is a Licensed Professional Counselor specializing in working with children and their families. She has over 10 years of experience in the mental health field in many environments, including psychiatric hospitals and schools. She has worked with clients who are struggling with symptoms of ADHD, anxiety, depression, PTSD, parenting issues, peer conflicts, trauma, and more. Dawn completed her MS in School Counseling with licensure at Kutztown University.
Dawn Seeburger is a Licensed Professional Counselor specializing in working with children and their families. She has over 10 years of experience in the mental health field in many environments, including psychiatric hospitals and schools. She has worked with clients who are struggling with symptoms of ADHD, anxiety, depression, PTSD, parenting issues, peer conflicts, trauma, and more. Dawn completed her MS in School Counseling with licensure at Kutztown University.
(610) 439-9549 View (610) 439-9549
Photo of Dr. Christine Hartigan (Formerly Haasz), Psychologist in Allentown, PA
Dr. Christine Hartigan (Formerly Haasz)
Psychologist, PsyD, CAADC
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
Allentown, PA 18103
My focus is on empowering clients on their journey towards cultivating greater self-acceptance, creating healthier and more fulfilling relationships, and achieving an alignment between their personal goals and choices. This collaborative journey of self-discovery and growth is guided by open and empathetic dialogue, allowing clients to live more authentic and meaningful lives. My practice addresses many types of client concerns and I specialize in working with LGBTQ+ clients. I provide gender assessments for medical affirmation referrals based on the WPATH Standards of Care, usually in one to two session.
My focus is on empowering clients on their journey towards cultivating greater self-acceptance, creating healthier and more fulfilling relationships, and achieving an alignment between their personal goals and choices. This collaborative journey of self-discovery and growth is guided by open and empathetic dialogue, allowing clients to live more authentic and meaningful lives. My practice addresses many types of client concerns and I specialize in working with LGBTQ+ clients. I provide gender assessments for medical affirmation referrals based on the WPATH Standards of Care, usually in one to two session.
(610) 813-2791 View (610) 813-2791
Photo of Janet Grossner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Allentown, PA
Janet Grossner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Allentown, PA 18195  (Online Only)
I encourage you to take the first step and begin to feel better. I am a licensed psychotherapist with 30 years of experience who has developed insight and wisdom about the problems which confront college age and adults in all life phases. I have a general individual psychotherapy practice with experience treating adult depression, anxiety, self esteem, relationship issues and phase of life transitions. I also work with family and parenting issues with respect for the many complex difficulties facing families today. I offer a compassionate and caring approach, utilizing a variety of psychotherapy techniques determined by individual needs and issues.
I encourage you to take the first step and begin to feel better. I am a licensed psychotherapist with 30 years of experience who has developed insight and wisdom about the problems which confront college age and adults in all life phases. I have a general individual psychotherapy practice with experience treating adult depression, anxiety, self esteem, relationship issues and phase of life transitions. I also work with family and parenting issues with respect for the many complex difficulties facing families today. I offer a compassionate and caring approach, utilizing a variety of psychotherapy techniques determined by individual needs and issues.
(610) 915-8623 View (610) 915-8623
Photo of Sarah Rentz, Pre-Licensed Professional in Allentown, PA
Sarah Rentz
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MAT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Allentown, PA 18106
As your therapist, I will help you gain insight and coping skills so that you can build resilience, self- trust and HOPE in the face of adversity. I know that life throws us curveballs, but I am here to walk along side of you as you move toward healing. Research tells us that trauma is held in the body as well as the mind. I will give you the knowledge you need to calm your nervous system and move toward a healthier and more peaceful life.
As your therapist, I will help you gain insight and coping skills so that you can build resilience, self- trust and HOPE in the face of adversity. I know that life throws us curveballs, but I am here to walk along side of you as you move toward healing. Research tells us that trauma is held in the body as well as the mind. I will give you the knowledge you need to calm your nervous system and move toward a healthier and more peaceful life.
(610) 726-0571 View (610) 726-0571
Photo of Nicholas Croft, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Allentown, PA
Nicholas Croft
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Allentown, PA 18106
I have a passion for working with individuals who identify as neurodivergent, LGBTQ+, and/or disabled. I have experience working with individuals of all ages looking to address struggles related to anxiety, ADHD, ASD, poor self-esteem, emotional and verbal abuse, and difficult life-transitions, alongside assisting families and groups with these needs.
I have a passion for working with individuals who identify as neurodivergent, LGBTQ+, and/or disabled. I have experience working with individuals of all ages looking to address struggles related to anxiety, ADHD, ASD, poor self-esteem, emotional and verbal abuse, and difficult life-transitions, alongside assisting families and groups with these needs.
(610) 510-7528 View (610) 510-7528
Photo of Chelsea Zimmerman Busch, Psychologist in Allentown, PA
Chelsea Zimmerman Busch
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Allentown, PA 18104
Not accepting new clients
Dr. Busch is a pediatric psychologist specializing in developmental and behavioral concerns in early childhood (ages 0-10). She received unique graduate training in a combined pediatric and school psychology program at Lehigh University. Dr. Busch completed her internship and a post-doctoral LEND Fellowship at Nemours Children's Hospital. She has also received training at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP). Dr. Busch has published and presented at multiple national conferences, and she has extensive experience providing therapy for young children and families in hospital, school, and private practice settings.
Dr. Busch is a pediatric psychologist specializing in developmental and behavioral concerns in early childhood (ages 0-10). She received unique graduate training in a combined pediatric and school psychology program at Lehigh University. Dr. Busch completed her internship and a post-doctoral LEND Fellowship at Nemours Children's Hospital. She has also received training at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP). Dr. Busch has published and presented at multiple national conferences, and she has extensive experience providing therapy for young children and families in hospital, school, and private practice settings.
(610) 665-3616 View (610) 665-3616
Photo of Thu-Ha Le, Licensed Professional Counselor in Allentown, PA
Thu-Ha Le
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CCTP, MA
Verified Verified
Allentown, PA 18104
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Pennsylvania. I have worked in the mental health field for over six years with individuals of different needs, including symptoms of depression, anxiety, anger, self-harming, etc. I also have experience working with individuals who have dealt with trauma in their childhood and issues within relationships. You've spent a lot of time trying to manage these symptoms. At times, you can tell yourself, "Yes, I got this." Other times, the difficulties in life exacerbate these symptoms, which can stop you from moving forward.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Pennsylvania. I have worked in the mental health field for over six years with individuals of different needs, including symptoms of depression, anxiety, anger, self-harming, etc. I also have experience working with individuals who have dealt with trauma in their childhood and issues within relationships. You've spent a lot of time trying to manage these symptoms. At times, you can tell yourself, "Yes, I got this." Other times, the difficulties in life exacerbate these symptoms, which can stop you from moving forward.
(610) 854-9859 View (610) 854-9859
Photo of Daniel S Raphael, Licensed Professional Counselor in Allentown, PA
Daniel S Raphael
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Allentown, PA 18104  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! I am here to help you heal and grow. I utilize psychoeducation, cognitive behavioral therapy and work with you to create a clear treatment plan to help you determine your goals. I provide telehealth counseling services to children, teens, adults and families. I specialize working with Neurodiverse individuals as well as a variety of other challenges including anxiety, depression and trauma throughout New Jersey and Pennsylvania. I have experience and passion working with the LGBTQ communities.
Hello! I am here to help you heal and grow. I utilize psychoeducation, cognitive behavioral therapy and work with you to create a clear treatment plan to help you determine your goals. I provide telehealth counseling services to children, teens, adults and families. I specialize working with Neurodiverse individuals as well as a variety of other challenges including anxiety, depression and trauma throughout New Jersey and Pennsylvania. I have experience and passion working with the LGBTQ communities.
(732) 587-5657 View (732) 587-5657
Photo of Gabrielle Cudemo, Licensed Professional Counselor in Allentown, PA
Gabrielle Cudemo
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Allentown, PA 18103  (Online Only)
Your Journey Begins Here! Before we embark on this road together, I would first like to welcome you to therapy. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I believe that the purpose of counseling is to help clients achieve goals and to gain more insight into their lives. Through utilizing my expertise, and professional personal experiences clients will be allotted the opportunity to develop a better understanding of themselves.
Your Journey Begins Here! Before we embark on this road together, I would first like to welcome you to therapy. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I believe that the purpose of counseling is to help clients achieve goals and to gain more insight into their lives. Through utilizing my expertise, and professional personal experiences clients will be allotted the opportunity to develop a better understanding of themselves.
(484) 604-2766 View (484) 604-2766
Photo of Jillian Nazarenko, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Allentown, PA
Jillian Nazarenko
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Allentown, PA 18104
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker specializing in anxiety, PTSD, and perinatal mood disorders. My style involves blending serious topics with humor and "real talk" to help you find the familiar in the vulnerability of sharing your struggles. I am dedicated to establishing a therapeutic alliance based on care and trust, believing in the tremendous healing power of connection and feeling seen. I encourage you to use our relationship as practice towards feeling safe and authentic in your relationships with yourself and others. My goal is for you to leave our first session feeling seen, heard, and unconditionally valued.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker specializing in anxiety, PTSD, and perinatal mood disorders. My style involves blending serious topics with humor and "real talk" to help you find the familiar in the vulnerability of sharing your struggles. I am dedicated to establishing a therapeutic alliance based on care and trust, believing in the tremendous healing power of connection and feeling seen. I encourage you to use our relationship as practice towards feeling safe and authentic in your relationships with yourself and others. My goal is for you to leave our first session feeling seen, heard, and unconditionally valued.
(484) 222-0067 View (484) 222-0067
Photo of El Rincon Counseling Services- Mrs. Edith Torres, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Allentown, PA
El Rincon Counseling Services- Mrs. Edith Torres
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MHS, ICAADC
Verified Verified
Allentown, PA 18104
I am a bicultural, bilingual, and Latinx therapist. My goal is to create and provide a safe space for clients. Reaching out for mental health support can be an overwhelming process, but can yield transformative results in your life. Whether it’s the stress of daily life or a history of addiction, living with a person with substance use disorders or emotional issues, you deserve to feel relief. I have had the privilege of working with diverse populations and addressing a variety of concerns including mood and anxiety disorders, family concerns, multicultural issues, life transitions, anger, grief, relationship issues, and more.
I am a bicultural, bilingual, and Latinx therapist. My goal is to create and provide a safe space for clients. Reaching out for mental health support can be an overwhelming process, but can yield transformative results in your life. Whether it’s the stress of daily life or a history of addiction, living with a person with substance use disorders or emotional issues, you deserve to feel relief. I have had the privilege of working with diverse populations and addressing a variety of concerns including mood and anxiety disorders, family concerns, multicultural issues, life transitions, anger, grief, relationship issues, and more.
(610) 897-0478 View (610) 897-0478
Photo of Jamie Kovacs, Counselor in Allentown, PA
Jamie Kovacs
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Allentown, PA 18103  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania with over 15 years of experience working in a variety of behavioral health settings and as a counselor. I received my Master’s Degree in Counseling Psychology from Centenary University. I have experience working with adults, young adults, couples, and families. I am passionate about instilling hope in others to work towards reaching their goals. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, relationship issues, and career challenges.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania with over 15 years of experience working in a variety of behavioral health settings and as a counselor. I received my Master’s Degree in Counseling Psychology from Centenary University. I have experience working with adults, young adults, couples, and families. I am passionate about instilling hope in others to work towards reaching their goals. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, relationship issues, and career challenges.
(484) 878-3821 View (484) 878-3821
Photo of Kayla Bolza, Licensed Professional Counselor in Allentown, PA
Kayla Bolza
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Allentown, PA 18103
Life can be overwhelming at times, but I am here to walk with you and help you conquer the challenges you encounter. I believe we all have our own unique strengths and that there is always hope. I emphasize the importance of focusing on these strengths and taking care of yourself. I also know that it is so important for all of us to have a safe spot where we can express our feelings and feel truly heard, understood, and free from judgment. I am proud of you for taking the first step and seeking therapy!
Life can be overwhelming at times, but I am here to walk with you and help you conquer the challenges you encounter. I believe we all have our own unique strengths and that there is always hope. I emphasize the importance of focusing on these strengths and taking care of yourself. I also know that it is so important for all of us to have a safe spot where we can express our feelings and feel truly heard, understood, and free from judgment. I am proud of you for taking the first step and seeking therapy!
(484) 255-8257 View (484) 255-8257
Photo of Sarah Davis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Allentown, PA
Sarah Davis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Allentown, PA 18106
I am a licensed Counseling Professional utilizing a combination of the Cognitive Behavior model of therapy and mindfulness practices, among others. I assist adults, and teens throughout their lifespan, to find solutions to better regulate their emotions, language, belief system, and perceptions of life challenges. Specialties include Depression, Anxiety, Trauma, Stress Management, Sports Performance, Artistic Minds, Transitional Periods of Life, Perfectionistic Thinking, Adjustment Disorders, Relationship Conflict, and Brief Solution Focused work.
I am a licensed Counseling Professional utilizing a combination of the Cognitive Behavior model of therapy and mindfulness practices, among others. I assist adults, and teens throughout their lifespan, to find solutions to better regulate their emotions, language, belief system, and perceptions of life challenges. Specialties include Depression, Anxiety, Trauma, Stress Management, Sports Performance, Artistic Minds, Transitional Periods of Life, Perfectionistic Thinking, Adjustment Disorders, Relationship Conflict, and Brief Solution Focused work.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Allentown, PA

500+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Allentown, PA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
78% Self Esteem
70% Coping Skills
68% Trauma and PTSD
65% Relationship Issues
59% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

87% Highmark
77% Aetna
71% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Allentown, PA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Allentown?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.