Therapists in Chicago, IL
Julie Shevrin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ICDVP
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60642
People who seek out therapy often feel stuck, even hopeless. Maybe you feel like something is off in your life or you lack purpose. Painful symptoms and entrenched life patterns have become overwhelming and interfere with the things that matter most to you. I will partner with you as you rebuild a stronger sense of self, a deeper connection to others and an enhanced ability to manage the challenges of life. My job is to help you begin to imagine a vision of your life you might not have thought was possible. Using a warm, compassionate approach I will support you as you experiment with new ways of thinking, feeling and living.
People who seek out therapy often feel stuck, even hopeless. Maybe you feel like something is off in your life or you lack purpose. Painful symptoms and entrenched life patterns have become overwhelming and interfere with the things that matter most to you. I will partner with you as you rebuild a stronger sense of self, a deeper connection to others and an enhanced ability to manage the challenges of life. My job is to help you begin to imagine a vision of your life you might not have thought was possible. Using a warm, compassionate approach I will support you as you experiment with new ways of thinking, feeling and living.
Shanel Jackson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, REAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60607 (Online Only)
Perhaps you feel stuck, with no clear sense of purpose and don’t know the next steps to move forward in your life. Or your environment is not supportive, and you feel disconnected, frustrated and unheard in your relationships. Maybe you're dealing with anxiety, depression, or emotional wounds caused by racism, sexism, homophobia or other forms of oppression. And maybe you aren't even sure what the problem is, you just know things aren't working. I am here to support you in creating deep and meaningful change, so you can live the authentic and empowering life that you deserve to have.
Perhaps you feel stuck, with no clear sense of purpose and don’t know the next steps to move forward in your life. Or your environment is not supportive, and you feel disconnected, frustrated and unheard in your relationships. Maybe you're dealing with anxiety, depression, or emotional wounds caused by racism, sexism, homophobia or other forms of oppression. And maybe you aren't even sure what the problem is, you just know things aren't working. I am here to support you in creating deep and meaningful change, so you can live the authentic and empowering life that you deserve to have.
Sarah Khazoum
Psychologist, PsyD, CGP
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601
Life can leave us dissatisfied, overwhelmed, and disconnected from ourselves and others. Painful feelings like these can lead us to feel isolated, lonely, and unseen. I want to help you feel seen and join you in creating the change you are looking for. In therapy we can unpack, make sense of, and create new insight to bring you closer to relationship satisfaction, feeling content in your day-to-day life, and a sense of self-understanding. I want therapy to be a co-created space that centers your needs. I hope to meet you with warmth, authenticity, and collaboration, honoring the strengths, values, and experiences you bring.
Life can leave us dissatisfied, overwhelmed, and disconnected from ourselves and others. Painful feelings like these can lead us to feel isolated, lonely, and unseen. I want to help you feel seen and join you in creating the change you are looking for. In therapy we can unpack, make sense of, and create new insight to bring you closer to relationship satisfaction, feeling content in your day-to-day life, and a sense of self-understanding. I want therapy to be a co-created space that centers your needs. I hope to meet you with warmth, authenticity, and collaboration, honoring the strengths, values, and experiences you bring.
Sherri S. Wick
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60607 (Online Only)
My beliefs, values and understanding is that all humans are made whole because we were created in God’s own image. I am passionate about creating a safe, supportive and transformative space for people to develop techniques to assist them with navigating in healthy ways through this journey called life. I have a unique ability to build rapport with all people and have a niche for working with emerging adults, adults and older adults. I love working with all women and have a special place in my heart for women of color. My daily mission is to bring light to help individuals obtain peace from within.
My beliefs, values and understanding is that all humans are made whole because we were created in God’s own image. I am passionate about creating a safe, supportive and transformative space for people to develop techniques to assist them with navigating in healthy ways through this journey called life. I have a unique ability to build rapport with all people and have a niche for working with emerging adults, adults and older adults. I love working with all women and have a special place in my heart for women of color. My daily mission is to bring light to help individuals obtain peace from within.
David Carbajal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60618
I am a bilingual (English/Spanish) and bicultural Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have experience working with children, adolescents and adults dealing with anxiety, depression, anger issues, PTSD and other disorders. I have a special interest in trauma and its effects in mental health, social interactions and daily life functioning.
I am a bilingual (English/Spanish) and bicultural Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have experience working with children, adolescents and adults dealing with anxiety, depression, anger issues, PTSD and other disorders. I have a special interest in trauma and its effects in mental health, social interactions and daily life functioning.
Everyday Psychotherapy
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60622 (Online Only)
Are you feeling stuck, stress, overwhelmed and experiencing the sense that things are just not feeling right for you? Often times relationships, work, and our personal life are not bringing us the level of satisfaction that we would like. Let's work together to find clarity and collaborate on goals to get you where you want to be.
Are you feeling stuck, stress, overwhelmed and experiencing the sense that things are just not feeling right for you? Often times relationships, work, and our personal life are not bringing us the level of satisfaction that we would like. Let's work together to find clarity and collaborate on goals to get you where you want to be.
James Lentini
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60614
James Lentini is a Licensed Social Worker in Illinois. He has an MSW in Social Work and a Certificate in Drug and Addiction Studies. Life is a beautiful yet difficult journey. Each of us experiences and manages life's ups and downs in a variety of ways. Our coping skills develop over time and usually include activities that make us feel better and activities that make us feel worse. All of these behaviors have been developed because they have been successful coping mechanisms at certain time periods in our lives, but we often outgrow these safety behaviors, and they often lead us into trouble.
James Lentini is a Licensed Social Worker in Illinois. He has an MSW in Social Work and a Certificate in Drug and Addiction Studies. Life is a beautiful yet difficult journey. Each of us experiences and manages life's ups and downs in a variety of ways. Our coping skills develop over time and usually include activities that make us feel better and activities that make us feel worse. All of these behaviors have been developed because they have been successful coping mechanisms at certain time periods in our lives, but we often outgrow these safety behaviors, and they often lead us into trouble.
Marisa Lewis
Counselor, MA, NCC, LCPC, CADC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60625
Not accepting new clients
Taking the first step in finding a therapist can be overwhelming, but finding someone you feel comfortable with can make all the difference! Although I am not currently accepting new clients, I am supervising other clinicians in holistic and skills based approaches. I specialize in therapy with working professionals and adults. Although I am comfortable working with many concerns, I am most passionate about providing therapy in areas related to anxiety, depression, codependency, addiction, life transitions, grief/loss, and relationships.
Taking the first step in finding a therapist can be overwhelming, but finding someone you feel comfortable with can make all the difference! Although I am not currently accepting new clients, I am supervising other clinicians in holistic and skills based approaches. I specialize in therapy with working professionals and adults. Although I am comfortable working with many concerns, I am most passionate about providing therapy in areas related to anxiety, depression, codependency, addiction, life transitions, grief/loss, and relationships.
Peace Through Hope Therapy
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60634 (Online Only)
If you can change your thoughts you can change your world. I believe that our day to day thoughts directly dictate our emotions and ultimately our decisions and actions. Whether it is childhood trauma, adult anxiety or postpartum depression, we can take captive every self-defeating thought and turn that negative narrative into a powerful and hopeful future. Regaining control over our thoughts and actions can provide such lasting peace and happiness. My focus is to thoroughly get to know my patients, by listening to and trying my best to understand their unique experiences, while working collaboratively toward agreed upon goals.
If you can change your thoughts you can change your world. I believe that our day to day thoughts directly dictate our emotions and ultimately our decisions and actions. Whether it is childhood trauma, adult anxiety or postpartum depression, we can take captive every self-defeating thought and turn that negative narrative into a powerful and hopeful future. Regaining control over our thoughts and actions can provide such lasting peace and happiness. My focus is to thoroughly get to know my patients, by listening to and trying my best to understand their unique experiences, while working collaboratively toward agreed upon goals.
Audra K Eisin-Banazek
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, ATR
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60626
I am a Chicago native, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, and Art Therapist. I strive to help my clients be better able to cope with all of life’s challenges. Whether you are interested in talking or using creative art therapy techniques, I have over 15 years experience to guide you into the transformation you hope to achieve. If you are navigating difficulties in your complex life, dealing with Anxiety or Depression, processing trauma, coping with diagnosis like Cancer and ALS, or the loss of someone you love, I can help.
I am a Chicago native, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, and Art Therapist. I strive to help my clients be better able to cope with all of life’s challenges. Whether you are interested in talking or using creative art therapy techniques, I have over 15 years experience to guide you into the transformation you hope to achieve. If you are navigating difficulties in your complex life, dealing with Anxiety or Depression, processing trauma, coping with diagnosis like Cancer and ALS, or the loss of someone you love, I can help.
Jordan Dunmead
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657
Not accepting new clients
**Not currently accepting new clients** I believe we are all doing the best we can; lifelong relationships, systemic influences, and personal experiences create patterns, beliefs, and vulnerabilities that are ingrained into our senses of "Self" and ways of being. We all have our own narratives - where we come from, how we got here, what we have been through, and whom we have known - and, usually, it is not something that we chose for ourselves. In therapy, with courage, intention, and curiosity, we can better understand these ways of being, weaving them together by choice to create a life worth living and relationships worth having.
**Not currently accepting new clients** I believe we are all doing the best we can; lifelong relationships, systemic influences, and personal experiences create patterns, beliefs, and vulnerabilities that are ingrained into our senses of "Self" and ways of being. We all have our own narratives - where we come from, how we got here, what we have been through, and whom we have known - and, usually, it is not something that we chose for ourselves. In therapy, with courage, intention, and curiosity, we can better understand these ways of being, weaving them together by choice to create a life worth living and relationships worth having.
15 Second Videos
Sarah Khazoum
Marisa Lewis
Audra K Eisin-Banazek
Sabina Skupien
Sydney Rinehart
Payton Willis
Kelly Patricia Kilgallon
Jane Qin Chen
Lauren Pavelle
Lafayette Bagley
Hilary Fingerman
Aarti S. Felder
Mary Jia
Stephen Heintz
Caitlin Ruby Miller
Center for Effective Artistry
Alayna Samson
Alyssa Cline
Sarah Elizabeth Anderson
John Frampton
Sean Patrick Cox
Ewelina K Beardmore
Kim Vander Griend
Karla A Rennhofer
Shannon Lieberman
Brenna Zimmerman
Martin Hogan
John D Moore
Kara Thompson-Miller
Erica M. Walker
Mary Questad
Claudia Angel
Sean Murphy
Bryanna Tartt
Chicago Shrink™
Lillar Chevon Burton
Jenna Schloss
Jennifer Nudo
Anthony S Dillon
Brian Nickerson
Kris D Thomas
Nicole Meyer Klarich, LCPC & Associates
Kate Ruocco
Richard Trammel
Katie Jackson-Griffin
Elena Vertti
Christi Chatman
Sarah Schwartz
Priya Badhwar
Deanna Gibson
Sarah Hammer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PEL
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60618
As a clinical supervisor, my goal is to provide high-quality support and guidance to mental health providers. Clinicians are often overworked and under-supported. I provide empathy and collaboration to mental health providers as they navigate clinical issues and develop their personal intervention style. Supervision and consultation is based on individual needs and interests but typically encompass clinical questions and concerns, case consultation, navigating work settings and structures, best practices in service delivery and self care and burnout prevention.
As a clinical supervisor, my goal is to provide high-quality support and guidance to mental health providers. Clinicians are often overworked and under-supported. I provide empathy and collaboration to mental health providers as they navigate clinical issues and develop their personal intervention style. Supervision and consultation is based on individual needs and interests but typically encompass clinical questions and concerns, case consultation, navigating work settings and structures, best practices in service delivery and self care and burnout prevention.
Kaytreona Wright
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60604 (Online Only)
Have you ever been overwhelmed, anxious, exhausted, or just extremely upset with your self? It is important to learn the tools to be present and aware of you body, environment, and feelings. At times we naturally strive for perfection, but when there’s a road block, we unconsciously become defensive and utilize negative perspectives. Being present and aware allows you to take control of those undesired thoughts and behaviors. Are you ready to take that new step in your life? You can do it! Once you rewire your way of thinking, you can accomplish anything!.
Have you ever been overwhelmed, anxious, exhausted, or just extremely upset with your self? It is important to learn the tools to be present and aware of you body, environment, and feelings. At times we naturally strive for perfection, but when there’s a road block, we unconsciously become defensive and utilize negative perspectives. Being present and aware allows you to take control of those undesired thoughts and behaviors. Are you ready to take that new step in your life? You can do it! Once you rewire your way of thinking, you can accomplish anything!.
Ruri (Nuri) Kim
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LSW, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601 (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My clinical approach is authentic and integrative, resulting in a collaborative treatment plan based on client’s culture and values, the best available clinical research, and clinical expertise for my clients to thrive in their lives. I enjoy working with children, adolescents and adults in individual, family and group settings. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, ADHD, OCD, Executive Functioning (EF) skills, complex trauma/PTSD, bipolar disorder, depression, racial/cultural identities, academic performance, family conflicts, relationship issues, grief, life transitions, stress and other life concerns. I also speak Korean.
My clinical approach is authentic and integrative, resulting in a collaborative treatment plan based on client’s culture and values, the best available clinical research, and clinical expertise for my clients to thrive in their lives. I enjoy working with children, adolescents and adults in individual, family and group settings. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, ADHD, OCD, Executive Functioning (EF) skills, complex trauma/PTSD, bipolar disorder, depression, racial/cultural identities, academic performance, family conflicts, relationship issues, grief, life transitions, stress and other life concerns. I also speak Korean.
Robert Méndez
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602
I specialize in helping people suffering with anxiety, depression, PTSD, and difficulties with self-compassion. Our work together will begin by getting to know one another and building a strong foundation for our work together. I am a warm, compassionate, and patient person and strive to utilize these traits to help others grow and know themselves on a deeper level. I believe the relationship between therapist and patient is the driving force in creating significant and long-lasting change. We will examine the various identities that you hold and the impact they have on you as an individual and your relationships.
I specialize in helping people suffering with anxiety, depression, PTSD, and difficulties with self-compassion. Our work together will begin by getting to know one another and building a strong foundation for our work together. I am a warm, compassionate, and patient person and strive to utilize these traits to help others grow and know themselves on a deeper level. I believe the relationship between therapist and patient is the driving force in creating significant and long-lasting change. We will examine the various identities that you hold and the impact they have on you as an individual and your relationships.
Laurel Meng
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MA
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613
You want to feel securely connected to others in your life. You want to feel empowered to navigate through life’s obstacles, with someone reliably in your corner. You want to trust in your own value and see yourself through a more compassionate lens. You deserve to feel seen and heard for all that you bring to this world and accepted for the myriad of identities that you inhabit.
You want to feel securely connected to others in your life. You want to feel empowered to navigate through life’s obstacles, with someone reliably in your corner. You want to trust in your own value and see yourself through a more compassionate lens. You deserve to feel seen and heard for all that you bring to this world and accepted for the myriad of identities that you inhabit.
Savannah Williams
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60630
Welcome, I'm Savannah! I am a clinically licensed therapist (LCPC) and more than excited that you took the step to seeking support and care for your mental health. I work with children, adolescents, and young adults. I have experience in treating anxiety, depression, mood disorders, OCD/Exposures, trauma, stress management, life transitions and school refusal/anxiety.
Welcome, I'm Savannah! I am a clinically licensed therapist (LCPC) and more than excited that you took the step to seeking support and care for your mental health. I work with children, adolescents, and young adults. I have experience in treating anxiety, depression, mood disorders, OCD/Exposures, trauma, stress management, life transitions and school refusal/anxiety.
Valerie Harris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW , CADC, CODP
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60615 (Online Only)
I believe in a holistic approach to healing understanding the connection of mind, body and spirit. Using a strengths-based perspective, I focus on building resilience and identifying barriers to the healing process in order to achieve desired goals. My background is in community mental health, women's issues, substance abuse, trauma, self-empowerment and coaching. My goal is to help individuals on their journey to find purpose, equanimity, and more joy.
I believe in a holistic approach to healing understanding the connection of mind, body and spirit. Using a strengths-based perspective, I focus on building resilience and identifying barriers to the healing process in order to achieve desired goals. My background is in community mental health, women's issues, substance abuse, trauma, self-empowerment and coaching. My goal is to help individuals on their journey to find purpose, equanimity, and more joy.
Fanai Croff
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60606
In my work, I value authenticity and self-actualization and believe individuals have the inherent knowledge and tools necessary to become better versions of themselves. With this, I aim to serve as a “fellow traveler” - there to assist clients as they navigate their unique journeys. I believe the therapeutic relationship can serve as a springboard to emotional healing, growth and self-discovery and thereby work to build trust and foster empathy with clients. I embrace the ‘here and now and collaborate with clients to identify obstacles that inhibit progress while incorporating tools that allow it.
In my work, I value authenticity and self-actualization and believe individuals have the inherent knowledge and tools necessary to become better versions of themselves. With this, I aim to serve as a “fellow traveler” - there to assist clients as they navigate their unique journeys. I believe the therapeutic relationship can serve as a springboard to emotional healing, growth and self-discovery and thereby work to build trust and foster empathy with clients. I embrace the ‘here and now and collaborate with clients to identify obstacles that inhibit progress while incorporating tools that allow it.
Yael Zahtz
Psychologist, MEd, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640
Dr. Zahtz believes that therapy is a fluid process, there is no “one size fits all”. In her work with children, adolescents, and families she very much views each individual and/or family as their own entity with their own experiences, thoughts, feelings, ways of interacting, and values. Therefore, her approach to therapy is to first gain an empathic understanding of the entity that is in front of her and then determine what approach or approaches may be the most helpful for that individual situation.
Dr. Zahtz believes that therapy is a fluid process, there is no “one size fits all”. In her work with children, adolescents, and families she very much views each individual and/or family as their own entity with their own experiences, thoughts, feelings, ways of interacting, and values. Therefore, her approach to therapy is to first gain an empathic understanding of the entity that is in front of her and then determine what approach or approaches may be the most helpful for that individual situation.
See more therapy options for Chicago
How does your Therapist compare?
Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL
3,000+
Average cost per session
$150
Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:
93% | Anxiety |
88% | Depression |
79% | Relationship Issues |
77% | Self Esteem |
71% | Trauma and PTSD |
67% | Coping Skills |
67% | Stress |
Average years in practice
10 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
95% | BlueCross and BlueShield |
59% | Aetna |
49% | UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH |
How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients
63% | In Person and Online | |
37% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
79% | Female | |
18% | Male | |
3% | Non-Binary |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in Chicago?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.