Therapists in Reston, VA

Photo of Rebecca Hardin, Psychologist in Reston, VA
Rebecca Hardin
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reston, VA 20190
Not accepting new clients
My academic and research foci have been in Health and Neuropsychology. I have specialized in providing evidenced-based treatments of eating disorders, chronic illness, anxiety disorders, trauma, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and trichotillomania and excoriation disorders. I have worked with military, government, and civilian populations, and understand the specific needs as associated with each individual.
My academic and research foci have been in Health and Neuropsychology. I have specialized in providing evidenced-based treatments of eating disorders, chronic illness, anxiety disorders, trauma, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and trichotillomania and excoriation disorders. I have worked with military, government, and civilian populations, and understand the specific needs as associated with each individual.
(571) 487-7382 View (571) 487-7382
Photo of Stuart Andrews, Psychologist in Reston, VA
Stuart Andrews
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reston, VA 20191
Harvard-trained psychologist with 25 years of of experience in helping individuals and couples. I specialize in Intensive Short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) and the PACT model for couples. I enjoy helping people who may have had several psychotherapy or medication trials, but have not found lasting relief from symptoms. I am Core Faculty of the ISTDP Program at the Washington School for Psychiatry and former Clinical Instructor in Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. Authored "Treating Affect Phobia: A Manual for Short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy" (Guilford Press), and published numerous articles on psychotherapy.
Harvard-trained psychologist with 25 years of of experience in helping individuals and couples. I specialize in Intensive Short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) and the PACT model for couples. I enjoy helping people who may have had several psychotherapy or medication trials, but have not found lasting relief from symptoms. I am Core Faculty of the ISTDP Program at the Washington School for Psychiatry and former Clinical Instructor in Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. Authored "Treating Affect Phobia: A Manual for Short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy" (Guilford Press), and published numerous articles on psychotherapy.
(703) 691-5631 View (703) 691-5631
Photo of Lawrence P. Riso, Psychologist in Reston, VA
Lawrence P. Riso
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reston, VA 20190  (Online Only)
Expert in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and practicing over 25 years. I commonly treat panic attacks, social anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobias, generalized anxiety disorder, depression, and marital/couples problems. I am a practitioner-scholar with over 50 published journal articles, books and book chapters on psychotherapy and psychological disorders. I primarily use CBT, a problem-focused, evidence-based approach and hold several psychotherapy certifications (including "Cognitive Therapy," "Schema Therapy," and "Schema Therapy for Couples". For long-standing problems, I employ more "emotion-focused" approaches.
Expert in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and practicing over 25 years. I commonly treat panic attacks, social anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobias, generalized anxiety disorder, depression, and marital/couples problems. I am a practitioner-scholar with over 50 published journal articles, books and book chapters on psychotherapy and psychological disorders. I primarily use CBT, a problem-focused, evidence-based approach and hold several psychotherapy certifications (including "Cognitive Therapy," "Schema Therapy," and "Schema Therapy for Couples". For long-standing problems, I employ more "emotion-focused" approaches.
(703) 957-7743 View (703) 957-7743
Photo of Three Leaves Psychological Services, LLC, Psychologist in Reston, VA
Three Leaves Psychological Services, LLC
Psychologist, PhD, LP, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reston, VA 20190
I work with clients of all ages and have experience working with a variety of presenting concerns including mood disorders, trauma, substance abuse and anxiety-related concerns. I utilize an integrative approach to therapy and works to collaborate with my clients based upon their unique needs and experiences.
I work with clients of all ages and have experience working with a variety of presenting concerns including mood disorders, trauma, substance abuse and anxiety-related concerns. I utilize an integrative approach to therapy and works to collaborate with my clients based upon their unique needs and experiences.
(571) 290-2620 View (571) 290-2620
Photo of Jasmine Dearborn, Resident in Counseling in Reston, VA
Jasmine Dearborn
Resident in Counseling, LRC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Reston, VA 20191
Jasmine Dearborn is a Resident in Counseling in Virginia who has been practicing since 2023. She has a B.S. in Psychology from George Mason University and an M. A. in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Colorado Christian University. Jasmine offers a safe place for any individual of race, ethnicity, or sexuality to find holistic healing and wellness. Jasmine provides a range of treatment modalities and approaches tailored to the individual in order to discover the most effective treatment per one's uniqueness. Jasmine is an outdoorsy person!.
Jasmine Dearborn is a Resident in Counseling in Virginia who has been practicing since 2023. She has a B.S. in Psychology from George Mason University and an M. A. in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Colorado Christian University. Jasmine offers a safe place for any individual of race, ethnicity, or sexuality to find holistic healing and wellness. Jasmine provides a range of treatment modalities and approaches tailored to the individual in order to discover the most effective treatment per one's uniqueness. Jasmine is an outdoorsy person!.
(571) 559-7087 View (571) 559-7087
Photo of Professional Psychological Services, Psychologist in Reston, VA
Professional Psychological Services
Psychologist, PsyD, CSOTP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Reston, VA 20191
At Professional Psychological Services (PPS), we offer mental health treatment and evaluation to children, adolescents, and adults. We provide clinical services (i.e. to assess and treat emotional and behavioral concerns) and forensic services (i.e. for a legal/court matter). Our providers are licensed to practice in Virginia, Maryland, and Washington D.C. Dr. Felix is the owner and director of PPS. She is a Licensed Psychologist and a Certified Sex Offender Treatment Provider. (CSOTP).
At Professional Psychological Services (PPS), we offer mental health treatment and evaluation to children, adolescents, and adults. We provide clinical services (i.e. to assess and treat emotional and behavioral concerns) and forensic services (i.e. for a legal/court matter). Our providers are licensed to practice in Virginia, Maryland, and Washington D.C. Dr. Felix is the owner and director of PPS. She is a Licensed Psychologist and a Certified Sex Offender Treatment Provider. (CSOTP).
(703) 879-2482 View (703) 879-2482
Photo of Ana Cristina Uribe, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Reston, VA
Ana Cristina Uribe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Reston, VA 20190  (Online Only)
Se Habla Español. Are you experiencing the stress of every day life? Are you feeling overwhelmed and that you can't do everything you need to do? Having gone through both of these experiences, I know what it's like to feel like the world is caving in. Sometimes it is difficult to think clearly when our plate is not just full, but overflowing.
Se Habla Español. Are you experiencing the stress of every day life? Are you feeling overwhelmed and that you can't do everything you need to do? Having gone through both of these experiences, I know what it's like to feel like the world is caving in. Sometimes it is difficult to think clearly when our plate is not just full, but overflowing.
(571) 496-9818 View (571) 496-9818
Photo of Amber June, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Reston, VA
Amber June
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MAC
Verified Verified
15 Endorsed
Reston, VA 20191
Effective therapy is a journey in which people identify the reasons behind their choices, then are subsequently able to make adjustments that better their health and optimize their strengths. As a therapist I hope to walk along side you as you explore your purpose for being and doing. The concept that drives my approach to therapy is that "We are generally the better persuaded by the reasons we discover ourselves than by those given to us by others." - Blaise Pascal. My primary areas of expertise include substance abuse, loss/grief, and mental health counseling to adolescents, adults, and families.
Effective therapy is a journey in which people identify the reasons behind their choices, then are subsequently able to make adjustments that better their health and optimize their strengths. As a therapist I hope to walk along side you as you explore your purpose for being and doing. The concept that drives my approach to therapy is that "We are generally the better persuaded by the reasons we discover ourselves than by those given to us by others." - Blaise Pascal. My primary areas of expertise include substance abuse, loss/grief, and mental health counseling to adolescents, adults, and families.
(703) 581-7729 View (703) 581-7729
Photo of Neha S. Batool, Psychologist in Reston, VA
Neha S. Batool
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Reston, VA 20191  (Online Only)
Are you a professional woman feeling stuck, disconnected, or unsure about your life's path? Perhaps you're grappling with self-criticism, perfectionism, or struggling with setting boundaries and people-pleasing tendencies. Maybe you yearn to break free from unhealthy behaviors and patterns but feel trapped. Despite your efforts to stay positive and amp up your work ethic, you find yourself dissatisfied. These challenges and limitations might stem from your attachment style or past traumatic stressors.
Are you a professional woman feeling stuck, disconnected, or unsure about your life's path? Perhaps you're grappling with self-criticism, perfectionism, or struggling with setting boundaries and people-pleasing tendencies. Maybe you yearn to break free from unhealthy behaviors and patterns but feel trapped. Despite your efforts to stay positive and amp up your work ethic, you find yourself dissatisfied. These challenges and limitations might stem from your attachment style or past traumatic stressors.
(757) 294-8357 View (757) 294-8357
Photo of Katherine Bolin, Resident in Counseling in Reston, VA
Katherine Bolin
Resident in Counseling, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reston, VA 20190  (Online Only)
Getting “UNSTUCK”. That’s all you’re trying to do really. You are stuck having to make life decisions such as career, relationships, finances, family.
Getting “UNSTUCK”. That’s all you’re trying to do really. You are stuck having to make life decisions such as career, relationships, finances, family.
(571) 570-8951 x501 View (571) 570-8951 x501
Photo of Bridget Reiser, Licensed Professional Counselor in Reston, VA
Bridget Reiser
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reston, VA 20191
I specialize in working with adolescents, young adults, couples, and families struggling with relationship issues, anxiety, depression, grief, and life stage transitions. I work with clients in the LGBTQIA+ community and those looking for support as they explore their sexuality and gender identity. I also have experience with military clients. If you are looking for a collaborative space to understand your emotions and feel supported as you make change, I can help. As a therapist, I work to build trust and encourage openness with my clients. I incorporate elements of Cognitive Behavioral, Psychodynamic, and Narrative approaches.
I specialize in working with adolescents, young adults, couples, and families struggling with relationship issues, anxiety, depression, grief, and life stage transitions. I work with clients in the LGBTQIA+ community and those looking for support as they explore their sexuality and gender identity. I also have experience with military clients. If you are looking for a collaborative space to understand your emotions and feel supported as you make change, I can help. As a therapist, I work to build trust and encourage openness with my clients. I incorporate elements of Cognitive Behavioral, Psychodynamic, and Narrative approaches.
(571) 789-1739 View (571) 789-1739
Photo of Louise Cremona, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Reston, VA
Louise Cremona
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Reston, VA 20191  (Online Only)
Greetings, My name is Louise. Have you suffered loss and/or grief before, during, or after covid? Do you find yourself getting stuck in your mind racing between the what ifs or the could have, would have, or should haves? Or are there areas from your childhood that you have not dealt with and keeps popping up in your adult life?
Greetings, My name is Louise. Have you suffered loss and/or grief before, during, or after covid? Do you find yourself getting stuck in your mind racing between the what ifs or the could have, would have, or should haves? Or are there areas from your childhood that you have not dealt with and keeps popping up in your adult life?
(571) 556-8513 View (571) 556-8513
Photo of It's Time to Heal! Schedule an Appointment Today!, Counselor in Reston, VA
It's Time to Heal! Schedule an Appointment Today!
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Reston, VA 20191  (Online Only)
Do you find yourself struggling with anxious thoughts? Are the trials of everyday life trapping you in a cycle of depression? Maybe you are having a hard time processing a traumatic event that has happened to you? You are not alone, and you do not have to continue struggling. I will provide a safe, non-judgmental, and supportive atmosphere that allows you to express yourself openly and freely. As a client of mine, I will help you work through whatever it is you are currently experiencing and help you work towards a happier tomorrow.
Do you find yourself struggling with anxious thoughts? Are the trials of everyday life trapping you in a cycle of depression? Maybe you are having a hard time processing a traumatic event that has happened to you? You are not alone, and you do not have to continue struggling. I will provide a safe, non-judgmental, and supportive atmosphere that allows you to express yourself openly and freely. As a client of mine, I will help you work through whatever it is you are currently experiencing and help you work towards a happier tomorrow.
(571) 520-4176 View (571) 520-4176
Photo of Alexandra Stewart, Licensed Master Social Worker in Reston, VA
Alexandra Stewart
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW, MSW, MA, BS
Verified Verified
Reston, VA 20190
Do you find yourself constantly thinking about the past or frequently worrying about the future? Do specific life transitions or upcoming relationship changes (divorce, breakup, marriage, expanding family, etc.) keep you frozen from making decisions or disconnected from reality and your responsibilities? Do you keep waiting to just “shake it off” and want nothing more than to feel balanced and safe in your own life? If you’ve noticed a change in how you’re managing any of these difficult thoughts or emotions, or feel more out of control, you may be experiencing symptoms of anxiety and/or depression.
Do you find yourself constantly thinking about the past or frequently worrying about the future? Do specific life transitions or upcoming relationship changes (divorce, breakup, marriage, expanding family, etc.) keep you frozen from making decisions or disconnected from reality and your responsibilities? Do you keep waiting to just “shake it off” and want nothing more than to feel balanced and safe in your own life? If you’ve noticed a change in how you’re managing any of these difficult thoughts or emotions, or feel more out of control, you may be experiencing symptoms of anxiety and/or depression.
(703) 659-6132 View (703) 659-6132
Photo of Ravleen Kandhari, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Reston, VA
Ravleen Kandhari
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Reston, VA 20190
I know how hard it can be to take the first step towards getting counseling support. I commend you for having taken that first step. I hope you can find the help you are seeking soon. I work with adults and seniors. In my work with adults, I work with those struggling with feelings of worry, sadness, difficulty around life transitions, workplace stress, relationship difficulties and those struggling with parenting issues, including parenting of children with special needs. I provide a safe, gentle, caring, and non-judgmental space for us to work together toward your goals.
I know how hard it can be to take the first step towards getting counseling support. I commend you for having taken that first step. I hope you can find the help you are seeking soon. I work with adults and seniors. In my work with adults, I work with those struggling with feelings of worry, sadness, difficulty around life transitions, workplace stress, relationship difficulties and those struggling with parenting issues, including parenting of children with special needs. I provide a safe, gentle, caring, and non-judgmental space for us to work together toward your goals.
(571) 748-7798 View (571) 748-7798
Photo of Ailish R Dermody, Resident in Counseling in Reston, VA
Ailish R Dermody
Resident in Counseling, MA, NCC, CGP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Reston, VA 20190
We can all find ourselves overwhelmed by the expectations put on us by others and ourselves. Often our past experiences may have us repeating patterns and cycles in our relationships that don’t serve us and it can be easy to try to ignore our problems or stuff our feelings only to find they're coming out sideways. To cope, we may engage in behaviors that prevent us from being the best version of ourselves. Often difficult life transitions put us in a state of upheaval, leaving us feeling hopeless, anxious, or depressed. I'd like to help you navigate these challenges.
We can all find ourselves overwhelmed by the expectations put on us by others and ourselves. Often our past experiences may have us repeating patterns and cycles in our relationships that don’t serve us and it can be easy to try to ignore our problems or stuff our feelings only to find they're coming out sideways. To cope, we may engage in behaviors that prevent us from being the best version of ourselves. Often difficult life transitions put us in a state of upheaval, leaving us feeling hopeless, anxious, or depressed. I'd like to help you navigate these challenges.
(571) 462-6494 View (571) 462-6494
Photo of Lauren Campbell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Reston, VA
Lauren Campbell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
Reston, VA 20190  (Online Only)
Life can get really hard. When your past continues to affect your current life, it can make it feel even more difficult to keep pushing through. My goal as a therapist is to help you understand what happened, how it affected you, and how to start moving forward again towards the life that you want. I am trauma, identity, and existentially focused and offer an affirming, client-centered, collaborative approach. I am a licensed professional counselor and board-certified art therapist with training and experience working with LGBTQIA+ individuals, including those who may be questioning or transitioning within their gender identity.
Life can get really hard. When your past continues to affect your current life, it can make it feel even more difficult to keep pushing through. My goal as a therapist is to help you understand what happened, how it affected you, and how to start moving forward again towards the life that you want. I am trauma, identity, and existentially focused and offer an affirming, client-centered, collaborative approach. I am a licensed professional counselor and board-certified art therapist with training and experience working with LGBTQIA+ individuals, including those who may be questioning or transitioning within their gender identity.
(703) 870-2883 View (703) 870-2883
Photo of Lisa Lashuk, Psychologist in Reston, VA
Lisa Lashuk
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Reston, VA 20190  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
If you're struggling with overcoming anxiety or resolving past trauma, and want to feel more at peace, it is important that you know there are many effective solutions. As a licensed Psychologist, I have specialized in all forms of anxiety, stress and trauma for over 20 years. Since everyone has a different experience in life and has unique strengths, I tailor therapy to help clients realize the change they are looking for.   My style has been described as friendly, warmhearted, and solution oriented.
If you're struggling with overcoming anxiety or resolving past trauma, and want to feel more at peace, it is important that you know there are many effective solutions. As a licensed Psychologist, I have specialized in all forms of anxiety, stress and trauma for over 20 years. Since everyone has a different experience in life and has unique strengths, I tailor therapy to help clients realize the change they are looking for.   My style has been described as friendly, warmhearted, and solution oriented.
(984) 205-5089 View (984) 205-5089
Photo of Consider Mindfulness LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Reston, VA
Consider Mindfulness LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Reston, VA 20191
Clients can experience a life situation or a series of life situations that cause some level of unwanted emotional arousal (sadness, hurt, pain, fear, anxiety) and as a result of the intensity, increases an urge to do a behavior they consider ineffective (self harm, suicidal behavior, isolate, withdrawal, shutdown, verbally/physically aggressive, tantrums, obsessions, compulsions, avoidance, school refusal). They are in need of skills to help them cope with their emotions and problem solve their life situations. Despite the discomfort, they want to be effective, maintain relationships and feel better.
Clients can experience a life situation or a series of life situations that cause some level of unwanted emotional arousal (sadness, hurt, pain, fear, anxiety) and as a result of the intensity, increases an urge to do a behavior they consider ineffective (self harm, suicidal behavior, isolate, withdrawal, shutdown, verbally/physically aggressive, tantrums, obsessions, compulsions, avoidance, school refusal). They are in need of skills to help them cope with their emotions and problem solve their life situations. Despite the discomfort, they want to be effective, maintain relationships and feel better.
(571) 600-6638 View (571) 600-6638
Photo of Sonia Castro-Castillo, Counselor in Reston, VA
Sonia Castro-Castillo
Counselor, LPC, ATR
Verified Verified
Reston, VA 20191  (Online Only)
Navigating the ebb and flow of modern life can be both difficult and beautiful. While we can anticipate that there will be hard days in life, when those days arrive it can be challenging to take the next step and seek support. I understand that connecting with professional help takes courage, especially if this has not been an accepted option in your community. We are wired for connection and do not need to navigate the hard days on our own.
Navigating the ebb and flow of modern life can be both difficult and beautiful. While we can anticipate that there will be hard days in life, when those days arrive it can be challenging to take the next step and seek support. I understand that connecting with professional help takes courage, especially if this has not been an accepted option in your community. We are wired for connection and do not need to navigate the hard days on our own.
(202) 240-2423 View (202) 240-2423

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Reston, VA

300+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Reston, VA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
91% Depression
71% Self Esteem
68% Relationship Issues
67% Coping Skills
66% Trauma and PTSD
64% Grief

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

73% BlueCross and BlueShield
68% Cigna and Evernorth
64% Anthem | Elevance

How Therapists in Reston, VA see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
18% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Reston?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.