Therapists in Kirkland, WA

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Photo of Julian Chavez-Gamez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kirkland, WA
Julian Chavez-Gamez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kirkland, WA 98034  (Online Only)
Individual therapy with me always begins by learning how to check-in with our nervous system to ensure we are creating a neutral and/or safe space that's required to begin to take a deeper look at what's underneath some of the challenging situations you may be responding to. Therapy is an insight-oriented process where we'll improve our ability to self-regulate and connect with others. I work from a polyvagal informed approach which is also known as the science of safety and connection. It's through this approach that we will begin to understand how your nervous system responds to cues of safety and danger.
Individual therapy with me always begins by learning how to check-in with our nervous system to ensure we are creating a neutral and/or safe space that's required to begin to take a deeper look at what's underneath some of the challenging situations you may be responding to. Therapy is an insight-oriented process where we'll improve our ability to self-regulate and connect with others. I work from a polyvagal informed approach which is also known as the science of safety and connection. It's through this approach that we will begin to understand how your nervous system responds to cues of safety and danger.
(425) 243-0749 View (425) 243-0749
Photo of Inner Wellness Counseling PLLC in Kirkland, WA
Inner Wellness Counseling PLLC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kirkland, WA 98033  (Online Only)
Wellness is a journey, and reaching out for help is the first step to healing. At Inner Wellness Counseling, we have a passion for helping people get back to things that matter most to them. Our practice has a diverse group of therapists who specialize in working with youth and adults across multiple backgrounds, challenges, and life transitions. We believe in empowering clients to regain a sense of hope, courage, and self-worth.
Wellness is a journey, and reaching out for help is the first step to healing. At Inner Wellness Counseling, we have a passion for helping people get back to things that matter most to them. Our practice has a diverse group of therapists who specialize in working with youth and adults across multiple backgrounds, challenges, and life transitions. We believe in empowering clients to regain a sense of hope, courage, and self-worth.
(425) 441-3651 View (425) 441-3651
Photo of Jenna Flagg, Psychologist in Kirkland, WA
Jenna Flagg
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Kirkland, WA 98034  (Online Only)
Accepting New Clients! I am a Licensed Psychologist with over 15 years of experience in the field. I help adults struggling with depression, anxiety, eating disorders and relationship issues. Through treatment my clients will build an increased sense of self as well as gain new skills to navigate the challenges we all face in life. I work to find the balance between being compassionate and empathetic and giving that gentle nudge needed to move toward change. Therapy should be a collaborative process and look forward working together to make change. Please check out my website to learn more about me and my practice.
Accepting New Clients! I am a Licensed Psychologist with over 15 years of experience in the field. I help adults struggling with depression, anxiety, eating disorders and relationship issues. Through treatment my clients will build an increased sense of self as well as gain new skills to navigate the challenges we all face in life. I work to find the balance between being compassionate and empathetic and giving that gentle nudge needed to move toward change. Therapy should be a collaborative process and look forward working together to make change. Please check out my website to learn more about me and my practice.
(425) 385-9018 View (425) 385-9018
Photo of Diane Kim, Counselor in Kirkland, WA
Diane Kim
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kirkland, WA 98034  (Online Only)
Diane is a trauma-informed, Asian American psychotherapist and Certified Therapist & Approved EMDR Consultant by EMDR International Association (www.emdria.org). She specializes in working with adults who struggle with anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), childhood trauma, and intergenerational trauma. Diane empathizes with the various struggles that come with immigrant families and skillfully integrates trauma-informed therapy.
Diane is a trauma-informed, Asian American psychotherapist and Certified Therapist & Approved EMDR Consultant by EMDR International Association (www.emdria.org). She specializes in working with adults who struggle with anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), childhood trauma, and intergenerational trauma. Diane empathizes with the various struggles that come with immigrant families and skillfully integrates trauma-informed therapy.
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Photo of Amy A. Rinde, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kirkland, WA
Amy A. Rinde
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CMHS
Verified Verified
Kirkland, WA 98033
With compassion, an open heart, & inclusivity, Amy helps people expand their potential by creating a personal roadmap to their emotional health & wellbeing. Listening, acknowledgement, & building trust are key ingredients to her approach. Amy tunes into the client in each moment of every session to understand what they are experiencing to help them get their needs met. Attachment wounding can be a part of many people's childhoods and those experiences often present now. Many times, reparenting occurs through the therapy process and results in a corrective experience, bringing peacefulness & healing...to feel whole again.
With compassion, an open heart, & inclusivity, Amy helps people expand their potential by creating a personal roadmap to their emotional health & wellbeing. Listening, acknowledgement, & building trust are key ingredients to her approach. Amy tunes into the client in each moment of every session to understand what they are experiencing to help them get their needs met. Attachment wounding can be a part of many people's childhoods and those experiences often present now. Many times, reparenting occurs through the therapy process and results in a corrective experience, bringing peacefulness & healing...to feel whole again.
(425) 276-7303 View (425) 276-7303
Photo of Traverse Therapy Services, Mental Health Counselor in Kirkland, WA
Traverse Therapy Services
Mental Health Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Kirkland, WA 98033
We are accepting new clients. My name is Stefan Music. I am a mindfulness based, person-center, cognitive behavioral therapist. My specialty is in helping people recover from anxiety, depression, and trauma, as well as other mood disorders, relationship conflicts, identity issues, substance misuse, and issues revolving around grief and loss.
We are accepting new clients. My name is Stefan Music. I am a mindfulness based, person-center, cognitive behavioral therapist. My specialty is in helping people recover from anxiety, depression, and trauma, as well as other mood disorders, relationship conflicts, identity issues, substance misuse, and issues revolving around grief and loss.
(425) 264-8465 View (425) 264-8465
Photo of Kay Feather, Counselor in Kirkland, WA
Kay Feather
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kirkland, WA 98033
Often when someone experiences trauma or severe life stressors, their life begins to unravel. I meet you where you are. The places in you that are lost and hurt and find a gentle supportive way to guide you and help you return to your core. To regain balance in your life. This is the work I have done since 2005 with the Native American Community. I help those who are deeply traumatized, by events in their life, those who have suffered abuse, neglect and grief.
Often when someone experiences trauma or severe life stressors, their life begins to unravel. I meet you where you are. The places in you that are lost and hurt and find a gentle supportive way to guide you and help you return to your core. To regain balance in your life. This is the work I have done since 2005 with the Native American Community. I help those who are deeply traumatized, by events in their life, those who have suffered abuse, neglect and grief.
(425) 584-3196 View (425) 584-3196
Photo of Pamela Bryan, Counselor in Kirkland, WA
Pamela Bryan
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Kirkland, WA 98033
Pamela Bryan is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Washington State and a Qualified Alcoholism Counselor. She graduated from Seattle Pacific University in 1989, with a Master's of Science in Counseling. Pam is a seasoned therapist, having worked with trauma survivors for over 25 years.
Pamela Bryan is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Washington State and a Qualified Alcoholism Counselor. She graduated from Seattle Pacific University in 1989, with a Master's of Science in Counseling. Pam is a seasoned therapist, having worked with trauma survivors for over 25 years.
(425) 445-0309 View (425) 445-0309
Photo of Jasmine Svare, Counselor in Kirkland, WA
Jasmine Svare
Counselor, MA, LMHC, CHT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Kirkland, WA 98033
Accepting New Clients! - I work with individuals who struggle with relationships. This includes intimacy issues, problems with addiction, and unhealthy attachments. These issues can present themselves in romantic partnership but also peer, friend, and family relationships. Whether you struggle to maintain relationships, consistently find yourself in "toxic" or dysfunctional relationships, avoid closeness with avoidance behaviors/addictions, have patterns of self-abandonment, and/or feeling out of control, I might be able to help. Relationships are the most important thing in our lives as humans, it's difficult when we struggle.
Accepting New Clients! - I work with individuals who struggle with relationships. This includes intimacy issues, problems with addiction, and unhealthy attachments. These issues can present themselves in romantic partnership but also peer, friend, and family relationships. Whether you struggle to maintain relationships, consistently find yourself in "toxic" or dysfunctional relationships, avoid closeness with avoidance behaviors/addictions, have patterns of self-abandonment, and/or feeling out of control, I might be able to help. Relationships are the most important thing in our lives as humans, it's difficult when we struggle.
(425) 979-2355 View (425) 979-2355
Photo of Michelle Enterline, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kirkland, WA
Michelle Enterline
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LICSW
Verified Verified
Kirkland, WA 98033  (Online Only)
Do you experience feelings of sadness or hopelessness? Are you having problems in your relationships, at work or with your loved ones, your partner or your children? Perhaps areas of your life no longer seem as satisfying as they once did. I believe that as we navigate the waters of life, we are constantly adjusting to the subtle and profound changes put before us. How we experience those changes, as sadness or hopelessness, loss or opportunity, with sadness or joy determines the course we will follow. How we move forward is unique and personal, yet no one needs to navigate the journey alone.
Do you experience feelings of sadness or hopelessness? Are you having problems in your relationships, at work or with your loved ones, your partner or your children? Perhaps areas of your life no longer seem as satisfying as they once did. I believe that as we navigate the waters of life, we are constantly adjusting to the subtle and profound changes put before us. How we experience those changes, as sadness or hopelessness, loss or opportunity, with sadness or joy determines the course we will follow. How we move forward is unique and personal, yet no one needs to navigate the journey alone.
(425) 324-3918 View (425) 324-3918
Photo of Kelly Herzberg, Counselor in Kirkland, WA
Kelly Herzberg
Counselor, MEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Kirkland, WA 98033
I focus on supporting people through life transitions including divorce, fertility, and grief/loss. I work with people who are experiencing stress, anxiety, trauma, low self-esteem, and blocked creativity. I help my clients explore their identity – who they have been, who they are now, and who they want to be. My style as a therapist is warm, compassionate, and relational. I bring creativity, humor, and depth to my sessions at Self Space and I believe honesty and empathy are the foundation for healing.
I focus on supporting people through life transitions including divorce, fertility, and grief/loss. I work with people who are experiencing stress, anxiety, trauma, low self-esteem, and blocked creativity. I help my clients explore their identity – who they have been, who they are now, and who they want to be. My style as a therapist is warm, compassionate, and relational. I bring creativity, humor, and depth to my sessions at Self Space and I believe honesty and empathy are the foundation for healing.
(206) 866-2767 View (206) 866-2767
Photo of Serena Robles, Counselor in Kirkland, WA
Serena Robles
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Kirkland, WA 98033
Thank you for taking time to view my profile. I am a telehealth therapist who enjoys working with tween, teens, and young adults on issues related to anxiety, depression, self-esteem, life transitions, and trauma. I view my client through a trauma-informed lens, and I will meet you where you’re at–you are in the driver’s seat of your therapeutic goals. My hope is to provide my clients a safe place to feel supported and heard, while offering compassionate honesty and a little humor.
Thank you for taking time to view my profile. I am a telehealth therapist who enjoys working with tween, teens, and young adults on issues related to anxiety, depression, self-esteem, life transitions, and trauma. I view my client through a trauma-informed lens, and I will meet you where you’re at–you are in the driver’s seat of your therapeutic goals. My hope is to provide my clients a safe place to feel supported and heard, while offering compassionate honesty and a little humor.
(425) 541-1601 View (425) 541-1601
Photo of Stable Ground Therapy, LLC, Counselor in Kirkland, WA
Stable Ground Therapy, LLC
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Kirkland, WA 98034
Welcome! If you have made it this far, then I want to say: keep going. You deserve a safe place to grow and heal, in an environment that is completely different from the usual "talk therapy" office. I created Stable Ground Therapy in order to bring Equine-Facilitated Psychotherapy to those who are left out of the trauma and PTSD conversation: First Responders, LGBTQ+ community, as well as other communities. By partnering with a horse and a co-therapist like myself, you can start your journey towards healing on stable ground.
Welcome! If you have made it this far, then I want to say: keep going. You deserve a safe place to grow and heal, in an environment that is completely different from the usual "talk therapy" office. I created Stable Ground Therapy in order to bring Equine-Facilitated Psychotherapy to those who are left out of the trauma and PTSD conversation: First Responders, LGBTQ+ community, as well as other communities. By partnering with a horse and a co-therapist like myself, you can start your journey towards healing on stable ground.
(425) 600-5979 View (425) 600-5979
Photo of Liliana Tackett, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kirkland, WA
Liliana Tackett
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, RPT™
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Kirkland, WA 98034
You might be feeling disconnected, exhausted, holding it together and want to live more authentically. I’m a therapist for children, families and women who struggle with Anxiety, Life Transitions or the impacts of trauma, Autism or ADHD. I'll help you recognize limiting beliefs to shift your mindset. I've gone through painful stuff and you won't feel judged by me. Together, we will process feelings, identify your strengths, needs &obstacles. My hope is that therapy can help you bring awareness, compassion, embrace who you are, give you space to focus on growth, engage in deep healing or a maintenance plan to reach your goals.
You might be feeling disconnected, exhausted, holding it together and want to live more authentically. I’m a therapist for children, families and women who struggle with Anxiety, Life Transitions or the impacts of trauma, Autism or ADHD. I'll help you recognize limiting beliefs to shift your mindset. I've gone through painful stuff and you won't feel judged by me. Together, we will process feelings, identify your strengths, needs &obstacles. My hope is that therapy can help you bring awareness, compassion, embrace who you are, give you space to focus on growth, engage in deep healing or a maintenance plan to reach your goals.
(425) 243-1239 View (425) 243-1239
Photo of Andrew Riley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kirkland, WA
Andrew Riley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kirkland, WA 98034
I currently have openings. My expertise covers a range of challenges including, ADHD, Depression, Anxiety, trauma, anger, and behavior support. I specialize in working with youth, young adults, and men but I have worked with clients of all ages in various settings including schools, military, corrections, and nursing care.
I currently have openings. My expertise covers a range of challenges including, ADHD, Depression, Anxiety, trauma, anger, and behavior support. I specialize in working with youth, young adults, and men but I have worked with clients of all ages in various settings including schools, military, corrections, and nursing care.
(425) 517-2605 View (425) 517-2605
Photo of Fulford Innovative Counseling, Counselor in Kirkland, WA
Fulford Innovative Counseling
Counselor, MA, LMHC, LMFTA
Verified Verified
Kirkland, WA 98033
Many individuals may see you as the person that has it all together, but on the inside you feel very different. The emotional disregulation you are experiencing is becoming to much. You are your own worst critic and feel defeated in life. Feeling lonely and isolated even when around others. No one knows or understands the perpetual anxiety and depression that continues during your daily living. Your loosing sleep because of the racing thoughts that just won't leave. Going through life constantly thinking that there is something wrong with you is leading to destructive and suicidal thoughts. Your at the point of giving up.
Many individuals may see you as the person that has it all together, but on the inside you feel very different. The emotional disregulation you are experiencing is becoming to much. You are your own worst critic and feel defeated in life. Feeling lonely and isolated even when around others. No one knows or understands the perpetual anxiety and depression that continues during your daily living. Your loosing sleep because of the racing thoughts that just won't leave. Going through life constantly thinking that there is something wrong with you is leading to destructive and suicidal thoughts. Your at the point of giving up.
(425) 448-8469 View (425) 448-8469
Photo of Stephanie Angione, Pre-Licensed Professional in Kirkland, WA
Stephanie Angione
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Kirkland, WA 98033
Every one of us experiences times in life that are painful and challenging, which we can no longer face alone. Sometimes it is the pain of a recent loss or past hurts, or difficulty getting through each day, and we need a helping hand. I believe in the deep power of connection, and therapy is an opportunity to heal painful wounds, a place to discover yourself, and first and foremost a space that is uniquely yours. I provide compassionate guidance and support along your journey, nurturing your connection to yourself and between intimate others and helping you discover self-awareness, intuition, and meaning.
Every one of us experiences times in life that are painful and challenging, which we can no longer face alone. Sometimes it is the pain of a recent loss or past hurts, or difficulty getting through each day, and we need a helping hand. I believe in the deep power of connection, and therapy is an opportunity to heal painful wounds, a place to discover yourself, and first and foremost a space that is uniquely yours. I provide compassionate guidance and support along your journey, nurturing your connection to yourself and between intimate others and helping you discover self-awareness, intuition, and meaning.
(425) 537-4158 View (425) 537-4158
Photo of Fox Kalvig, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kirkland, WA
Fox Kalvig
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSWAIC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Kirkland, WA 98033  (Online Only)
When engaging in therapeutic work I promise to show up with curiosity, respect, and a willingness to learn. When we are in session together, we are a team. Over the last five years I have worked with adults struggling with anxiety, depression, chronic pain, shame, self-harm, suicidal ideation, life transitions, interpersonal relationships, past trauma, recent trauma, and those who are exploring sexuality and gender identities. I have spent the last few years working with with individuals who had a very wide range of ages, mental health symptoms, life goals, cultural backgrounds, neurodiversities, and lived experiences.
When engaging in therapeutic work I promise to show up with curiosity, respect, and a willingness to learn. When we are in session together, we are a team. Over the last five years I have worked with adults struggling with anxiety, depression, chronic pain, shame, self-harm, suicidal ideation, life transitions, interpersonal relationships, past trauma, recent trauma, and those who are exploring sexuality and gender identities. I have spent the last few years working with with individuals who had a very wide range of ages, mental health symptoms, life goals, cultural backgrounds, neurodiversities, and lived experiences.
(425) 998-9825 View (425) 998-9825
Photo of Lauren Lippincott, Counselor in Kirkland, WA
Lauren Lippincott
Counselor, MA, LMHCA
Verified Verified
Kirkland, WA 98033  (Online Only)
Sometimes people show up for therapy with a defined idea of how they want their lives to be different and what goals need nourishment. Others simply know they are yearning for something 'more'...usually something that resembles peace and relief. No matter who you are, and what peace looks like to you, I'd love the honor of walking beside you on your path. My hope is that our time together will offer you new perspectives, renewed hope, healed wounds and invigorated joy. Whether you feel burdened by loss, change or the heaviness of this chapter of life, or are simply wanting connection, I'm here and thrilled to connect.
Sometimes people show up for therapy with a defined idea of how they want their lives to be different and what goals need nourishment. Others simply know they are yearning for something 'more'...usually something that resembles peace and relief. No matter who you are, and what peace looks like to you, I'd love the honor of walking beside you on your path. My hope is that our time together will offer you new perspectives, renewed hope, healed wounds and invigorated joy. Whether you feel burdened by loss, change or the heaviness of this chapter of life, or are simply wanting connection, I'm here and thrilled to connect.
(425) 225-3101 View (425) 225-3101
Photo of Meagan McKee Counseling, Counselor in Kirkland, WA
Meagan McKee Counseling
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Kirkland, WA 98034
I endeavor to walk with my clients - to provide clarity and insight as they navigate the waters of their journey....be it loss of a loved one, conflict or codependency in valued relationships, anxiety and depression, trauma or abuse, or major shifts in family systems. Whatever your challenges may be, I’m here to support you.
I endeavor to walk with my clients - to provide clarity and insight as they navigate the waters of their journey....be it loss of a loved one, conflict or codependency in valued relationships, anxiety and depression, trauma or abuse, or major shifts in family systems. Whatever your challenges may be, I’m here to support you.
(425) 216-8155 View (425) 216-8155

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Kirkland, WA

500+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Kirkland, WA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
87% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
74% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Premera
56% Aetna
55% Regence

How Therapists in Kirkland, WA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Kirkland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.