Therapists in Jacksonville, FL

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Photo of Lorraine Michelle Lee, BA, MS, RMHC, Counselor
Lorraine Michelle Lee
Counselor, BA, MS, RMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32225
Feeling out of sorts? Sometimes life can throw you cure balls, and when that happens, you can be made to feel as if there is no way out. If you are ready to face yourself then help is one email, text or call away! I am a loving and caring person, who loves helping others. No one is perfect, and sometimes we need others to lend a hand or sometimes just to listen. I am here to help! Remember if you're having a bad day start over. People pleasing causes stress and anxiety. Make yourself happy first, give me a call!
Feeling out of sorts? Sometimes life can throw you cure balls, and when that happens, you can be made to feel as if there is no way out. If you are ready to face yourself then help is one email, text or call away! I am a loving and caring person, who loves helping others. No one is perfect, and sometimes we need others to lend a hand or sometimes just to listen. I am here to help! Remember if you're having a bad day start over. People pleasing causes stress and anxiety. Make yourself happy first, give me a call!
(904) 320-1645 View (904) 320-1645
Photo of Jaime Sather, PMHNP
Jaime Sather
PMHNP
Verified Verified
Online Only
Jaime Sather is a Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner offering medication management to adults. She treats a full list of issues with specializations in anxiety, depression, mood disorders, women's issues and health, substance abuse, dependence and addiction, trauma, and PTSD.
Jaime Sather is a Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner offering medication management to adults. She treats a full list of issues with specializations in anxiety, depression, mood disorders, women's issues and health, substance abuse, dependence and addiction, trauma, and PTSD.
(904) 453-8049 View (904) 453-8049
Photo of Ailyn Penate - Thought Wise LLC, PsyD, Psychologist
Thought Wise LLC
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32257
We can assess, diagnose, and treat psychological disorders that arise from brain-related conditions such as brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, ADHD, and many other neurological conditions and we provide psychotherapeutic services. If you are having relationship problems, or you are experiencing physical or neurological symptoms, or you have gone through a traumatic experience, or a career or life transition, and it is causing you stress, anxiety, sadness, anger, or guilt, we can work together to help you improve your mood, your relationship with others and improve your inner peace.
We can assess, diagnose, and treat psychological disorders that arise from brain-related conditions such as brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, ADHD, and many other neurological conditions and we provide psychotherapeutic services. If you are having relationship problems, or you are experiencing physical or neurological symptoms, or you have gone through a traumatic experience, or a career or life transition, and it is causing you stress, anxiety, sadness, anger, or guilt, we can work together to help you improve your mood, your relationship with others and improve your inner peace.
(850) 518-7262 View (850) 518-7262
Photo of Melissa Monique Lawrence - Ocean Sands Counseling PLLC, LPC, LMHC, RPT, Counselor
Ocean Sands Counseling PLLC
Counselor, LPC, LMHC, RPT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you searching for peace in the middle of a storm within the sea of your life? Have the waves of your life become more difficult to surf through? While life can feel overwhelming, you don’t have to sail through it alone. I’m here to help. Let’s dive into the depths of your life to discover your most inner strengths. These are the tools within you to carry out the journey towards experiencing a life full of clear, calm waters and relaxing breezes. Here at Ocean Sands Counseling PLLC, let the waves carry your troubles away…
Are you searching for peace in the middle of a storm within the sea of your life? Have the waves of your life become more difficult to surf through? While life can feel overwhelming, you don’t have to sail through it alone. I’m here to help. Let’s dive into the depths of your life to discover your most inner strengths. These are the tools within you to carry out the journey towards experiencing a life full of clear, calm waters and relaxing breezes. Here at Ocean Sands Counseling PLLC, let the waves carry your troubles away…
(904) 844-0158 View (904) 844-0158
Photo of Jaime Hoyman
Jaime Hoyman
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32256
I have helped clients struggling with anxiety, depression, grief and more. With children and adolescents, I incorporate play into the therapy sessions. I work collaboratively with adults and tailor sessions and interventions to their needs, incorporating activities, journaling, reading, and mindfulness as needed.
I have helped clients struggling with anxiety, depression, grief and more. With children and adolescents, I incorporate play into the therapy sessions. I work collaboratively with adults and tailor sessions and interventions to their needs, incorporating activities, journaling, reading, and mindfulness as needed.
(904) 977-2349 View (904) 977-2349
Photo of Ana Felix, MS, LMHC, Counselor
Ana Felix
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32256
Do you struggle with worry, anxiety, indecisiveness, or overthinking? Have you ever felt not good enough? Do you have difficulty in saying no? Are you experiencing low- self-esteem? Are you overwhelmed with unresolved issues? If you are experiencing anxiety, depression, stress, past or present traumatic events in your life, I can help. I also work with couples who are constantly fighting, can't find a way to communicate well, or are trying to recover from infidelity. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with more than 8 years of experience in the field and the owner of Personal Development Therapy.
Do you struggle with worry, anxiety, indecisiveness, or overthinking? Have you ever felt not good enough? Do you have difficulty in saying no? Are you experiencing low- self-esteem? Are you overwhelmed with unresolved issues? If you are experiencing anxiety, depression, stress, past or present traumatic events in your life, I can help. I also work with couples who are constantly fighting, can't find a way to communicate well, or are trying to recover from infidelity. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with more than 8 years of experience in the field and the owner of Personal Development Therapy.
(904) 373-7959 View (904) 373-7959
Photo of Julie Clifford Smith, LMHC, CAP, Counselor
Julie Clifford Smith
Counselor, LMHC, CAP
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32256
Waitlist for new clients
You’ve been feeling really stuck for some time now, and it’s only been getting worse. Life seems to be passing you by, and while everyone else seems to be out there, chasing their dreams and finding meaningful friendships and relationships, you’ve been pretty much in the same place for years. Things might actually be getting worse—you’re feeling even more anxious and isolated. You’ve even started picking up unhealthy habits that you never thought you would, and you're finding it hard to even dream and hope, thinking things might never get better. If this sounds like you, please know that there is hope.
You’ve been feeling really stuck for some time now, and it’s only been getting worse. Life seems to be passing you by, and while everyone else seems to be out there, chasing their dreams and finding meaningful friendships and relationships, you’ve been pretty much in the same place for years. Things might actually be getting worse—you’re feeling even more anxious and isolated. You’ve even started picking up unhealthy habits that you never thought you would, and you're finding it hard to even dream and hope, thinking things might never get better. If this sounds like you, please know that there is hope.
(904) 447-1013 View (904) 447-1013
Photo of Mary Taylor, MS, LMHC, Counselor
Mary Taylor
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32259
Being human means experiencing pain and disappointment. Relationships end. Loved ones die. Promotions go to less deserving co-workers. But we humans are resilient creatures. Each and every day billions of us wake up, put both feet on the floor, and handle whatever life puts in front of us. For most of us, making it through one seemingly impossible challenge is what gives us the courage and strength to face the next one. The more we face, the more we grow. But it does get tiring, right? Therapy can provide a safe, judgement-free space to rest your feet, take a breath, and prepare for whatever life might throw at you next.
Being human means experiencing pain and disappointment. Relationships end. Loved ones die. Promotions go to less deserving co-workers. But we humans are resilient creatures. Each and every day billions of us wake up, put both feet on the floor, and handle whatever life puts in front of us. For most of us, making it through one seemingly impossible challenge is what gives us the courage and strength to face the next one. The more we face, the more we grow. But it does get tiring, right? Therapy can provide a safe, judgement-free space to rest your feet, take a breath, and prepare for whatever life might throw at you next.
(904) 842-4939 View (904) 842-4939
Photo of Carol L Miller, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carol L Miller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32216
There sometimes comes a season in life when an individual, couple or family experience a "stuck point". In times like these it helps to know that you are not alone and you do have choices. One choice is to enlist the help of a caring professional to work with you in establishing therapeutic goals to help you move through such difficult times with confidence. I bring 30 + years of experience in providing therapeutic interventions using: Family Systems Therapy, Marriage Therapy, and a variety of individual therapeutic strategies with adults to assist you in finding answers that make sense to you.
There sometimes comes a season in life when an individual, couple or family experience a "stuck point". In times like these it helps to know that you are not alone and you do have choices. One choice is to enlist the help of a caring professional to work with you in establishing therapeutic goals to help you move through such difficult times with confidence. I bring 30 + years of experience in providing therapeutic interventions using: Family Systems Therapy, Marriage Therapy, and a variety of individual therapeutic strategies with adults to assist you in finding answers that make sense to you.
(904) 290-1920 View (904) 290-1920
Photo of Keith Gibbons, MSW, RCSWI
Keith Gibbons
Registered Clinical Social Worker Intern, MSW, RCSWI
Verified Verified
Online Only
Something isn't quite right. You've dedicated much to your relationships, yet you keep hitting roadblocks. Partnerships and trust seem harder to come by. Your children are caught in shifting households, leaving you feeling isolated. Family support feels unreliable, and life's challenges seem overwhelming. Where can you turn for wisdom and support? Something feels off. Parents are pushing you to fit a mold that doesn't align with you. It's isolating when no one seems to grasp your perspective. Loneliness weighs heavy, and finding a safe space to share your thoughts seems unsurmountable. Who can you turn to?
Something isn't quite right. You've dedicated much to your relationships, yet you keep hitting roadblocks. Partnerships and trust seem harder to come by. Your children are caught in shifting households, leaving you feeling isolated. Family support feels unreliable, and life's challenges seem overwhelming. Where can you turn for wisdom and support? Something feels off. Parents are pushing you to fit a mold that doesn't align with you. It's isolating when no one seems to grasp your perspective. Loneliness weighs heavy, and finding a safe space to share your thoughts seems unsurmountable. Who can you turn to?
(904) 785-8003 View (904) 785-8003
Photo of Taylor Neilly, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Taylor Neilly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I work with individuals and couples seeking meaning and positive changes in their life. I help clients who are overwhelmed, feeling trapped, and experiencing conflicts internally and in their relationships. Together, we work to create insights and build emotional resilience. I support and guide clients through the trials of their life, and help them find relief, joy, and purpose in living. Clients develop tangible coping skills while assessing their values and learning to care for what is most important, with renewed interest and appreciation.
I work with individuals and couples seeking meaning and positive changes in their life. I help clients who are overwhelmed, feeling trapped, and experiencing conflicts internally and in their relationships. Together, we work to create insights and build emotional resilience. I support and guide clients through the trials of their life, and help them find relief, joy, and purpose in living. Clients develop tangible coping skills while assessing their values and learning to care for what is most important, with renewed interest and appreciation.
(904) 478-0430 View (904) 478-0430
Photo of Dr. Juanita Bruno, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dr. Juanita Bruno
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32257
I am Dr. Juanita Bruno, a bilingual (English, Creole) Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) with over 17 years of experience helping individuals, couples, and families navigate challenges such as life transitions, trauma, anxiety, relational issues, women’s issues, and more. I have also supported families and their loved ones in addressing substance abuse and the recovery process.
I am Dr. Juanita Bruno, a bilingual (English, Creole) Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) with over 17 years of experience helping individuals, couples, and families navigate challenges such as life transitions, trauma, anxiety, relational issues, women’s issues, and more. I have also supported families and their loved ones in addressing substance abuse and the recovery process.
(904) 320-1627 View (904) 320-1627
Photo of Sonya Belletti, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sonya Belletti
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32210
I am Sonya Belletti, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Coach who specializes in and is passionate about all things family. I take a client-centered and humanistic approach to working with my clients. My goal is to have clients leave each session with value added to their lives, so they are able to build fulfilling relationships. I work with clients who find themselves at an impasse and struggling to get out of a rut in their personal lives, career, or relationship. I also support families who are entering parenthood for the first time as well as established families who are struggling to feel connected within their household.
I am Sonya Belletti, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Coach who specializes in and is passionate about all things family. I take a client-centered and humanistic approach to working with my clients. My goal is to have clients leave each session with value added to their lives, so they are able to build fulfilling relationships. I work with clients who find themselves at an impasse and struggling to get out of a rut in their personal lives, career, or relationship. I also support families who are entering parenthood for the first time as well as established families who are struggling to feel connected within their household.
(904) 747-3537 View (904) 747-3537
Photo of Courtney Boggs, LMHC, Counselor
Courtney Boggs
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Healing is like peeling an onion—each layer removed uncovers a new depth of understanding and growth. As a trauma-focused therapist trained in EMDR, I specialize in helping adults address PTSD, C-PTSD, and trauma-related challenges. EMDR therapy helps process and integrate past trauma to reduce its impact on your present life. My approach combines psychodynamic and relational theories to explore how past experiences shape current behaviors. I provide inclusive, strength-based care in a safe, non-judgmental space, supporting survivors, neurodivergent individuals, and the LGBTQIA+ community.
Healing is like peeling an onion—each layer removed uncovers a new depth of understanding and growth. As a trauma-focused therapist trained in EMDR, I specialize in helping adults address PTSD, C-PTSD, and trauma-related challenges. EMDR therapy helps process and integrate past trauma to reduce its impact on your present life. My approach combines psychodynamic and relational theories to explore how past experiences shape current behaviors. I provide inclusive, strength-based care in a safe, non-judgmental space, supporting survivors, neurodivergent individuals, and the LGBTQIA+ community.
(904) 822-3470 View (904) 822-3470
Photo of Settra L Moore, LMHC, MA, Counselor
Settra L Moore
Counselor, LMHC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32211
Are you feeling discouraged, depressed, overwhelmed with stress and anxiety? Are you struggling in your relationships and can’t seem to move pass your past? I want you to know I am here to help you. Life challenges hits hard sometimes and can last much longer than we would like them to be. Therapy can provide the help you need to move from challenges to freedom so you can live a healthier life one day at a time.
Are you feeling discouraged, depressed, overwhelmed with stress and anxiety? Are you struggling in your relationships and can’t seem to move pass your past? I want you to know I am here to help you. Life challenges hits hard sometimes and can last much longer than we would like them to be. Therapy can provide the help you need to move from challenges to freedom so you can live a healthier life one day at a time.
(904) 853-8650 View (904) 853-8650
Photo of Sarah Pruitt, MA, CMHC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Sarah Pruitt
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, CMHC
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32217
Waitlist for new clients
My ideal client is someone who enters therapy with an open heart, ready to delve into their inner world and unpack their boxes. They come to each session as their true selves, even if they deem their thoughts and emotions complex or challenging. They embrace that therapy is a collaborative journey and are committed to putting in the effort for positive change. Through a blend of mindfulness, firm compassion, honesty, and a shared dedication to growth, we can cultivate an environment where healing and personal development occur organically.
My ideal client is someone who enters therapy with an open heart, ready to delve into their inner world and unpack their boxes. They come to each session as their true selves, even if they deem their thoughts and emotions complex or challenging. They embrace that therapy is a collaborative journey and are committed to putting in the effort for positive change. Through a blend of mindfulness, firm compassion, honesty, and a shared dedication to growth, we can cultivate an environment where healing and personal development occur organically.
(904) 746-1672 View (904) 746-1672
Photo of Dean Leav - Psychological Testing & Evaluations - Dr. Dean, PsyD, QME, Author, Psychologist
Psychological Testing & Evaluations - Dr. Dean
Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32202
I’m Dr. Dean Leav. I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I conduct ADHD / autism / learning disability evaluations, legal / forensic evaluations for court, risk assessment (violence / sexual), cognitive / neuropsychological evaluations, diagnostic psychological evaluations, immigration evaluations, adoption evaluations, parenting / bonding assessments, drug & alcohol evaluations, fitness for duty evaluations, workers' compensation (QME/AME) evaluations, and other types of psychological evaluations / assessments.
I’m Dr. Dean Leav. I've been featured on ABC, NBC, KCAL, and other programs as an expert psychologist. I conduct ADHD / autism / learning disability evaluations, legal / forensic evaluations for court, risk assessment (violence / sexual), cognitive / neuropsychological evaluations, diagnostic psychological evaluations, immigration evaluations, adoption evaluations, parenting / bonding assessments, drug & alcohol evaluations, fitness for duty evaluations, workers' compensation (QME/AME) evaluations, and other types of psychological evaluations / assessments.
(904) 664-5029 View (904) 664-5029
Photo of Michele Nicole Bradford, Marriage & Family Therapist
Michele Nicole Bradford
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Online Only
The journey of healing at times requires support, sacred listening, and gentle guidance. Michele specializes in working with adults who are experiencing the challenging effects of grief, trauma, increased stress & anxiety, relationship issues, self-esteem, and Identity issues. Michele has been supporting individuals therapeutically for 20 years. She has a Bachelor’s in Psychology, a dual Master’s in Marriage & Family Therapy and School Counseling, as well as a certification in Spiritual Counseling & Companioning.
The journey of healing at times requires support, sacred listening, and gentle guidance. Michele specializes in working with adults who are experiencing the challenging effects of grief, trauma, increased stress & anxiety, relationship issues, self-esteem, and Identity issues. Michele has been supporting individuals therapeutically for 20 years. She has a Bachelor’s in Psychology, a dual Master’s in Marriage & Family Therapy and School Counseling, as well as a certification in Spiritual Counseling & Companioning.
(904) 775-7892 View (904) 775-7892
Photo of Nicole Harshaw, NCC, LMHC, PMT, Counselor
Nicole Harshaw
Counselor, NCC, LMHC, PMT
Verified Verified
Online Only
There is progress in the process of therapy. The first step begins with acknowledging the way you feel and becoming aware that your voice is the most important part of this process to heal, grow and change. My practice helps individuals (children, adults, seniors), couples & families handle unhealthy family dynamics, communication issues, stress, depression, anxiety, trauma, self-esteem challenges, ADHD, stages of life development struggles. Let us work together to help you make healthy adjustments to your mental, social and emotional well-being by providing you a space to talk and explore thoughts and feelings.
There is progress in the process of therapy. The first step begins with acknowledging the way you feel and becoming aware that your voice is the most important part of this process to heal, grow and change. My practice helps individuals (children, adults, seniors), couples & families handle unhealthy family dynamics, communication issues, stress, depression, anxiety, trauma, self-esteem challenges, ADHD, stages of life development struggles. Let us work together to help you make healthy adjustments to your mental, social and emotional well-being by providing you a space to talk and explore thoughts and feelings.
(904) 822-1351 View (904) 822-1351
Photo of Shirley Ann Richardson, LMHC, Counselor
Shirley Ann Richardson
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32217
I have worked many years with children, military families,college students, and individuals who struggle with depression, anxiety and PTSD just to name a few. Additionally,I have worked with couples through premarital stages, marital difficulties, divorce, and life after divorce. My work history also include helping families work through various dynamics, adolescent difficulties, and individuals who have found themselves in the criminal justice system.
I have worked many years with children, military families,college students, and individuals who struggle with depression, anxiety and PTSD just to name a few. Additionally,I have worked with couples through premarital stages, marital difficulties, divorce, and life after divorce. My work history also include helping families work through various dynamics, adolescent difficulties, and individuals who have found themselves in the criminal justice system.
(904) 474-5594 View (904) 474-5594
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Jacksonville, FL

1,000+

Average cost per session

$129

Therapists in Jacksonville, FL who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
73% Coping Skills
73% Self Esteem
68% Stress
67% Relationship Issues
67% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

90% Aetna
78% Cigna and Evernorth
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Jacksonville, FL see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Jacksonville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.