Photo of Emily Henderson, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Emily Henderson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
McMinnville, OR 97128
Is life giving you a beating? Do you feel like you've been derailed? Sometimes you might need a helping hand to get back on track. Or maybe you don't even remember ever being "on track," but you'd like to develop a life of inner peace and meaning. Whatever the case, I'm here for you. Some of my areas of practice include anxiety, depression, trauma, identity, self-esteem, life transitions, spiritual concerns, premarital counseling, and relationship struggles. I also work with individuals who experience hallucinations.
Is life giving you a beating? Do you feel like you've been derailed? Sometimes you might need a helping hand to get back on track. Or maybe you don't even remember ever being "on track," but you'd like to develop a life of inner peace and meaning. Whatever the case, I'm here for you. Some of my areas of practice include anxiety, depression, trauma, identity, self-esteem, life transitions, spiritual concerns, premarital counseling, and relationship struggles. I also work with individuals who experience hallucinations.
(503) 308-6139 View (503) 308-6139
Photo of Kira Sandhu, MA
Kira Sandhu
Professional Counselor Associate, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
McMinnville, OR 97128
Sometimes the weight of the world can come crashing down on us, and we just need someone who is willing to sit with us as we put the pieces back together. My goal is to walk beside you as you examine your past experiences and interactions so that you can learn and grow into new healthy relationships that are fulfilling for you and your goals. Together we will look at the daily life stressors and the big life transitions that are taking up your energy and make a path that brings you joy.
Sometimes the weight of the world can come crashing down on us, and we just need someone who is willing to sit with us as we put the pieces back together. My goal is to walk beside you as you examine your past experiences and interactions so that you can learn and grow into new healthy relationships that are fulfilling for you and your goals. Together we will look at the daily life stressors and the big life transitions that are taking up your energy and make a path that brings you joy.
(503) 435-4840 View (503) 435-4840
Trish O'Leary Goldstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
McMinnville, OR 97128
I am a dedicated mental health clinician, who specializes in First Responder and Veteran populations, with a solid foundation in evidence-based practices, I am committed to providing client-centered care, tailoring interventions to meet unique needs. My extensive training and experience enable me to navigate diverse clinical scenarios with empathy and cultural sensitivity, promoting holistic well-being.
I am a dedicated mental health clinician, who specializes in First Responder and Veteran populations, with a solid foundation in evidence-based practices, I am committed to providing client-centered care, tailoring interventions to meet unique needs. My extensive training and experience enable me to navigate diverse clinical scenarios with empathy and cultural sensitivity, promoting holistic well-being.
(503) 647-6552 View (503) 647-6552
Photo of Jonielle Bailey, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jonielle Bailey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
McMinnville, OR 97128
I specialize in working with teens and adults who struggle with trauma, abuse, anxiety, anger, thoughts of suicide, depression, family struggles, and relationship challenges. My other expertise includes helping with life transitions (such as divorce, career, retirement, and more) as well as processing past experiences and current relationship challenges. I bring a decade of clinical experience and an understanding of the mental health system.
I specialize in working with teens and adults who struggle with trauma, abuse, anxiety, anger, thoughts of suicide, depression, family struggles, and relationship challenges. My other expertise includes helping with life transitions (such as divorce, career, retirement, and more) as well as processing past experiences and current relationship challenges. I bring a decade of clinical experience and an understanding of the mental health system.
(503) 809-8759 View (503) 809-8759
Photo of Jacqueline Arrezola, MS, NCC, LPCinte, LPC Intern
Jacqueline Arrezola
LPC Intern, MS, NCC, LPCinte
Verified Verified
McMinnville, OR 97128
Waitlist for new clients
Mental health is nothing to be ashamed of. I am here to let you know that you do not have to go through this process alone. I am here to provide support whether you are experiencing relationship problems, depression, anxiety, loss, life transitions or even if you are just looking into working on personal goals. I am here for you! I work with an open mind and an open heart. My role as a therapist is to work collaboratively with clients to help them overcome obstacles and recognize their strengths. I strive to create a safe and welcoming environment for ALL clients to feel heard and accepted. ALL of your identities are welcomed here.
Mental health is nothing to be ashamed of. I am here to let you know that you do not have to go through this process alone. I am here to provide support whether you are experiencing relationship problems, depression, anxiety, loss, life transitions or even if you are just looking into working on personal goals. I am here for you! I work with an open mind and an open heart. My role as a therapist is to work collaboratively with clients to help them overcome obstacles and recognize their strengths. I strive to create a safe and welcoming environment for ALL clients to feel heard and accepted. ALL of your identities are welcomed here.
(971) 297-3551 View (971) 297-3551
Photo of Rebecca Sturman, CSWA
Rebecca Sturman
Clinical Social Work Associate, CSWA
Verified Verified
McMinnville, OR 97128
I am currently accepting clients aged 13 and under. I believe that each person has an enormous capacity to recover from trauma and difficult experiences when provided with a safe, warm, and supportive environment. As a therapist, I consider it an honor to participate in the therapeutic relationship with clients and help equip and empower them in their healing journeys. My practice is a client-centered, strengths-based approach rooted in attachment theory. I believe that the therapeutic process is adaptable; Because of this, I draw on several evidence-based theoretical frameworks depending on what best fits each client.
I am currently accepting clients aged 13 and under. I believe that each person has an enormous capacity to recover from trauma and difficult experiences when provided with a safe, warm, and supportive environment. As a therapist, I consider it an honor to participate in the therapeutic relationship with clients and help equip and empower them in their healing journeys. My practice is a client-centered, strengths-based approach rooted in attachment theory. I believe that the therapeutic process is adaptable; Because of this, I draw on several evidence-based theoretical frameworks depending on what best fits each client.
(971) 414-3426 View (971) 414-3426
Photo of Concepcion Marin-Cuellar - Concepcion Marin, Sanar & Florecer Counseling, LLC, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Concepcion Marin, Sanar & Florecer Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
McMinnville, OR 97128
It takes a lot of courage to acknowledge that you’re in a place where you need support from others. Finding this support can be challenging, I’m glad you’re here echandole ganas to work toward healing for yourself or your child. I’m a Bilingual-Bicultural Latina therapist who is passionate about working with children, teens, families, and young adults. I enjoy supporting clients in addressing a variety of issues including anxiety, trauma, bullying, relationships, difficulty managing feelings, racial/cultural identity, life transitions, adoption, and parenting among others.
It takes a lot of courage to acknowledge that you’re in a place where you need support from others. Finding this support can be challenging, I’m glad you’re here echandole ganas to work toward healing for yourself or your child. I’m a Bilingual-Bicultural Latina therapist who is passionate about working with children, teens, families, and young adults. I enjoy supporting clients in addressing a variety of issues including anxiety, trauma, bullying, relationships, difficulty managing feelings, racial/cultural identity, life transitions, adoption, and parenting among others.
(971) 443-1977 View (971) 443-1977
Photo of Dr. Martin Robison, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Martin Robison
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
McMinnville, OR 97128
Waitlist for new clients
Seeking support is a vulnerable and often times difficult step to take. I seek to make this process as easy as possible. If you are struggling, reaching out for help is a great first step to improving yourself. I commonly treat those suffering from anxiety, depression, and major life changes. I am a licensed clinical psychologist in the state of Oregon. I love and take the role of psychologist seriously as I partner alongside others to provide expertise on the journey towards healing and improved quality of life. I strive to connect with each person I work with to provide individualized treatment.
Seeking support is a vulnerable and often times difficult step to take. I seek to make this process as easy as possible. If you are struggling, reaching out for help is a great first step to improving yourself. I commonly treat those suffering from anxiety, depression, and major life changes. I am a licensed clinical psychologist in the state of Oregon. I love and take the role of psychologist seriously as I partner alongside others to provide expertise on the journey towards healing and improved quality of life. I strive to connect with each person I work with to provide individualized treatment.
(503) 461-1845 View (503) 461-1845
Photo of Laura Rudeen, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Laura Rudeen
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
McMinnville, OR 97128
Waitlist for new clients
We all wrestle with painful feelings, anxieties that hold us back, and questions about our purpose. We wrestle with past trauma and current circumstances in our lives that make it difficult to thrive. These things are part of what makes us human – but they can also make it hard for us to find peace in our lives. When these things become barriers to living the life you want to live, counseling can help. I believe counseling can help anyone cultivate hope, gain fresh perspective, and make real changes. I seek to create a warm, collaborative, nonjudgmental environment where every part of you is welcome.
We all wrestle with painful feelings, anxieties that hold us back, and questions about our purpose. We wrestle with past trauma and current circumstances in our lives that make it difficult to thrive. These things are part of what makes us human – but they can also make it hard for us to find peace in our lives. When these things become barriers to living the life you want to live, counseling can help. I believe counseling can help anyone cultivate hope, gain fresh perspective, and make real changes. I seek to create a warm, collaborative, nonjudgmental environment where every part of you is welcome.
(971) 320-6995 View (971) 320-6995
Photo of Deborah Davis, MC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Deborah Davis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I am glad you are here and delighted to assist you as you and I identify and work toward your unique goals for psychological health and wholeness. I work with a variety of concerns including healing old wounds, stress management, grief and loss experiences, anxiety, depression, supporting you as a caregiver or in your helping profession, goal setting, early childhood parenting, and navigating cross-cultural and spiritual experiences. Through my professional and personal growth, I have developed a compassionate, honest, strengths-based, playful, and curious approach towards healing and change.
As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I am glad you are here and delighted to assist you as you and I identify and work toward your unique goals for psychological health and wholeness. I work with a variety of concerns including healing old wounds, stress management, grief and loss experiences, anxiety, depression, supporting you as a caregiver or in your helping profession, goal setting, early childhood parenting, and navigating cross-cultural and spiritual experiences. Through my professional and personal growth, I have developed a compassionate, honest, strengths-based, playful, and curious approach towards healing and change.
(971) 306-5347 View (971) 306-5347
Photo of Julia Jakubowski, MSW, LCSW
Julia Jakubowski
MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
McMinnville, OR 97128
My clients are often those keenly aware of the complex time we live in, and are interested to understand what is keeping them from having the vibrant life they seek. You are doing "all the right things," and yet you continue to feel unfulfilled, anxious - in your relationships, sex life, in your work. You might feel stuck creatively. You feel distant, or at odds with your physical body. You'd like to know your story more fully, to understand how past experiences and cultural conditioning have impacted you, and to give your story voice, so you can express yourself - in relationships, work, art - from a place of deeper authenticity.
My clients are often those keenly aware of the complex time we live in, and are interested to understand what is keeping them from having the vibrant life they seek. You are doing "all the right things," and yet you continue to feel unfulfilled, anxious - in your relationships, sex life, in your work. You might feel stuck creatively. You feel distant, or at odds with your physical body. You'd like to know your story more fully, to understand how past experiences and cultural conditioning have impacted you, and to give your story voice, so you can express yourself - in relationships, work, art - from a place of deeper authenticity.
(971) 287-7208 View (971) 287-7208
Photo of Cindy L. Nisly - Cindy L. Nisly Being Well Counseling, LLC , MA, MFT, Assoc, Pre-Licensed Professional
Cindy L. Nisly Being Well Counseling, LLC
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MFT, Assoc
Verified Verified
McMinnville, OR 97128
Accepting New Clients. BEING WELL…knowing who you are as an individual. Life brings experiences that are difficult to adjust and live peacefully. It is common to have worries in relationships, work/life balance, stressful experiences, and emotional difficulties, past or current. These worries lead to change in mood, low self-worth, and provoke negative thinking. My approach focuses on walking along beside you and focusing on your individual strengths to move through a difficult time in your life. In addition to walking along beside you, you will gain insight and awareness of your current coping skills.
Accepting New Clients. BEING WELL…knowing who you are as an individual. Life brings experiences that are difficult to adjust and live peacefully. It is common to have worries in relationships, work/life balance, stressful experiences, and emotional difficulties, past or current. These worries lead to change in mood, low self-worth, and provoke negative thinking. My approach focuses on walking along beside you and focusing on your individual strengths to move through a difficult time in your life. In addition to walking along beside you, you will gain insight and awareness of your current coping skills.
(971) 247-3297 View (971) 247-3297
Photo of Jenni Smith, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jenni Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Welcome. Thank you for taking the time to get to know me and for taking time to care for yourself. Take a deep breath, seeking therapy services is brave so if this is as far as you go, well done- but I do hope you choose to stay! Therapy can be hard work so I'm not afraid to bring a touch of humor and a little bit of sass to keep things moving!
Welcome. Thank you for taking the time to get to know me and for taking time to care for yourself. Take a deep breath, seeking therapy services is brave so if this is as far as you go, well done- but I do hope you choose to stay! Therapy can be hard work so I'm not afraid to bring a touch of humor and a little bit of sass to keep things moving!
(503) 741-2473 View (503) 741-2473
Photo of Tami Kay Lybeck - Lybeck Counseling, LLC, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lybeck Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Book with me now by clicking on my website! As a client-centered therapist, I strive to understand your narrative in order to utilize theories and approaches to therapy that best fit with your needs. These theories include, but are not limited to Trauma-informed person centered therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, narrative therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Internal Family Systems.
Book with me now by clicking on my website! As a client-centered therapist, I strive to understand your narrative in order to utilize theories and approaches to therapy that best fit with your needs. These theories include, but are not limited to Trauma-informed person centered therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, narrative therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Internal Family Systems.
(503) 213-9131 View (503) 213-9131
Photo of Airka Ramirez, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Airka Ramirez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I understand that everyone has the power to grow and heal, even through the toughest times. Life can be challenging, and sometimes we need support and connection to navigate these periods. My goal as a therapist is to provide you with a safe space to explore your concerns and find your path forward. Together, we will work through a collaborative relationship that fosters acceptance, connection, and hope. Our past shapes us, but it doesn’t define us. I am here to help you find healing and renewal by exploring how your past influences your present.
I understand that everyone has the power to grow and heal, even through the toughest times. Life can be challenging, and sometimes we need support and connection to navigate these periods. My goal as a therapist is to provide you with a safe space to explore your concerns and find your path forward. Together, we will work through a collaborative relationship that fosters acceptance, connection, and hope. Our past shapes us, but it doesn’t define us. I am here to help you find healing and renewal by exploring how your past influences your present.
(971) 290-2366 View (971) 290-2366
Photo of Brett Maffett, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brett Maffett
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
You can take control of your life. You don't have to live a life suffering from trauma or addiction. You don't have to feel isolated or scared anymore. Finding the right therapist to start your journey isn't easy. I have a wide range of treatment options awaiting anyone willing to take the first steps towards a new start.
You can take control of your life. You don't have to live a life suffering from trauma or addiction. You don't have to feel isolated or scared anymore. Finding the right therapist to start your journey isn't easy. I have a wide range of treatment options awaiting anyone willing to take the first steps towards a new start.
(503) 755-9502 View (503) 755-9502
Photo of Sydnee Ettelson, LPC, CADCI, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sydnee Ettelson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CADCI
Verified Verified
McMinnville, OR 97128
Not accepting new clients at this time, please call to be added to a waitlist. I have worked in this field for 9 years. My experiences stem from both community mental health and private practice, working with people experiencing addiction, trauma, severe persistent mental health, anxiety and depression. I see individuals, couples, and families. My approach is client centered and trauma informed. I use strategies from CBT, DBT, and ACT. With these approaches I provide space for clients to guide the process to therapy with support along the way in reaching their goals. I have my CADCI and currently able to supervise associates.
Not accepting new clients at this time, please call to be added to a waitlist. I have worked in this field for 9 years. My experiences stem from both community mental health and private practice, working with people experiencing addiction, trauma, severe persistent mental health, anxiety and depression. I see individuals, couples, and families. My approach is client centered and trauma informed. I use strategies from CBT, DBT, and ACT. With these approaches I provide space for clients to guide the process to therapy with support along the way in reaching their goals. I have my CADCI and currently able to supervise associates.
(503) 461-9015 View (503) 461-9015
Photo of Tiffany Butler - Tiffany Butler Counseling, LLC, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tiffany Butler Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
McMinnville, OR 97128
Life feels really tough right now (to be honest, maybe it's been tough for a while) and nothing you've tried seems to make a difference. Maybe your relationship with a partner, family member or friend has gone off track, leaving you feeling hurt, misunderstood or alone. Maybe your relationship with yourself is struggling, weighted by negative thoughts and difficult feelings that don't accurately reflect who you are or who you want to be. You're not feeling like your best self, and you're ready to make a change.
Life feels really tough right now (to be honest, maybe it's been tough for a while) and nothing you've tried seems to make a difference. Maybe your relationship with a partner, family member or friend has gone off track, leaving you feeling hurt, misunderstood or alone. Maybe your relationship with yourself is struggling, weighted by negative thoughts and difficult feelings that don't accurately reflect who you are or who you want to be. You're not feeling like your best self, and you're ready to make a change.
(503) 773-6602 View (503) 773-6602
Photo of Tabitha A Marsh, MA, DACM, LAC
Tabitha A Marsh
Professional Counselor Associate, MA, DACM, LAC
Verified Verified
McMinnville, OR 97128
I am a Holistic Counselor and Doctor of Acupuncture & Chinese Medicine with over 30 years of experience in mind-body health practices. I specialize in mental health issues that affect the body as well as the mind such as stress, anxiety, panic, insomnia, PTSD, high sensitivity, ADHD, chronic illness and pain. I also work with people undergoing major life-changes, grief, being one's authentic self, creative blocks and spiritual challenges/exploration. People who want a natural, integrative approach are an especially good fit along with those trying to master the gifts of sensitivity, neurodivergence & high empathy.
I am a Holistic Counselor and Doctor of Acupuncture & Chinese Medicine with over 30 years of experience in mind-body health practices. I specialize in mental health issues that affect the body as well as the mind such as stress, anxiety, panic, insomnia, PTSD, high sensitivity, ADHD, chronic illness and pain. I also work with people undergoing major life-changes, grief, being one's authentic self, creative blocks and spiritual challenges/exploration. People who want a natural, integrative approach are an especially good fit along with those trying to master the gifts of sensitivity, neurodivergence & high empathy.
(503) 743-7781 View (503) 743-7781
Photo of Megan Iversen, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Megan Iversen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
NOT accepting new clients at this time. It can be hard to shake feelings of anxiety or depression. Maybe strong emotions seem to take over and you don't know why. You may have an inner critic—telling yourself you should be a better parent, spouse, friend, etc. Perhaps you feel you function really well in some areas of life and struggle in others. You might even feel like you are fighting yourself at times. All kinds of things can leave you feeling stuck or unsettled, and I have a feeling you're working too hard to feel so beat up! Imagine how it could be to feel more capable, hopeful, open and connected to your life. This is the ki
NOT accepting new clients at this time. It can be hard to shake feelings of anxiety or depression. Maybe strong emotions seem to take over and you don't know why. You may have an inner critic—telling yourself you should be a better parent, spouse, friend, etc. Perhaps you feel you function really well in some areas of life and struggle in others. You might even feel like you are fighting yourself at times. All kinds of things can leave you feeling stuck or unsettled, and I have a feeling you're working too hard to feel so beat up! Imagine how it could be to feel more capable, hopeful, open and connected to your life. This is the ki
(971) 206-6290 View (971) 206-6290
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 97128

80+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in 97128 who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Trauma and PTSD
80% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
74% Stress
70% Grief

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Oregon Health Plan (OHP)
56% Providence
52% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in 97128 see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
17% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 97128?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.