Therapists in El Cajon, CA

Photo of Bernadette Marie Dunbar, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in El Cajon, CA
Bernadette Marie Dunbar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
El Cajon, CA 92020  (Online Only)
My clients are people, just like you, who are seeking support in a safe environment. The focus is on healing, feeling connected, supported and encouraged.
My clients are people, just like you, who are seeking support in a safe environment. The focus is on healing, feeling connected, supported and encouraged.
(619) 333-7489 View (619) 333-7489
Julia Simone Hebert
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
El Cajon, CA 92020
I approach therapy with an authentic and genuine presence which can include humor and assertive observation/reflection. Research shows that among the top factors determining “success” in therapy, is the therapeutic relationship. This aligns with my beliefs regarding therapy and I strive to foster a safe, trusting space to collaboratively explore your internal and external world, identify patterns that no longer serve you and enact coping strategies to create lasting, positive change. My professional experience includes work in residential and outpatient settings with adults and youth.
I approach therapy with an authentic and genuine presence which can include humor and assertive observation/reflection. Research shows that among the top factors determining “success” in therapy, is the therapeutic relationship. This aligns with my beliefs regarding therapy and I strive to foster a safe, trusting space to collaboratively explore your internal and external world, identify patterns that no longer serve you and enact coping strategies to create lasting, positive change. My professional experience includes work in residential and outpatient settings with adults and youth.
(619) 473-2770 View (619) 473-2770
Photo of Josie A. Oakley, Marriage & Family Therapist in El Cajon, CA
Josie A. Oakley
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, RPT-S
Verified Verified
El Cajon, CA 92020  (Online Only)
Sometimes pain in our life keeps us feeling stuck even though we might want to move to a healthier, free place. I am all about providing a safe, relaxing and compassionate environment, where we can work together towards self awareness and growth. Thank you for reading my profile. I commend you for your courage in wanting to grow and make positive change in your life. No one enjoys a boring session, so I strive to have some creativity into our time as I work with children, teens and adults.
Sometimes pain in our life keeps us feeling stuck even though we might want to move to a healthier, free place. I am all about providing a safe, relaxing and compassionate environment, where we can work together towards self awareness and growth. Thank you for reading my profile. I commend you for your courage in wanting to grow and make positive change in your life. No one enjoys a boring session, so I strive to have some creativity into our time as I work with children, teens and adults.
(619) 649-8274 View (619) 649-8274
Photo of Mysty Higgins, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in El Cajon, CA
Mysty Higgins
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MEd
Verified Verified
El Cajon, CA 92021  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with emotions that you don't know what to do with? Are you stuck in thought processes that are unhelpful, yet you are not sure how to change them? Do you want to learn how to regulate emotion, reduce stress, improve relationships, improve communication, reduce unwanted emotion, and feel comfortable in your own body? These are just a few of the things that I work with clients on, and I can work with you as well. I believe we are all humans doing the best that we can, and sometimes the best thing we can do is ask for help.
Are you struggling with emotions that you don't know what to do with? Are you stuck in thought processes that are unhelpful, yet you are not sure how to change them? Do you want to learn how to regulate emotion, reduce stress, improve relationships, improve communication, reduce unwanted emotion, and feel comfortable in your own body? These are just a few of the things that I work with clients on, and I can work with you as well. I believe we are all humans doing the best that we can, and sometimes the best thing we can do is ask for help.
(949) 771-7021 View (949) 771-7021
Photo of Joshua Wandro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in El Cajon, CA
Joshua Wandro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
El Cajon, CA 92021
Joshua Wandro is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. Joshua has experience providing therapeutic services for adults, children, and couples. As a clinician, Joshua’s work experience has focused on but is not limited to adults and children ages 7-18 experiencing symptoms related to anxiety and depression. Joshua utilizes a trauma-informed approach, motivational interviewing, and cognitive behavioral therapy techniques. Joshua has training and experience in providing a holistic and existential-humanistic approach to therapy. Joshua works to integrate the body and mind dynamic into the healing process.
Joshua Wandro is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. Joshua has experience providing therapeutic services for adults, children, and couples. As a clinician, Joshua’s work experience has focused on but is not limited to adults and children ages 7-18 experiencing symptoms related to anxiety and depression. Joshua utilizes a trauma-informed approach, motivational interviewing, and cognitive behavioral therapy techniques. Joshua has training and experience in providing a holistic and existential-humanistic approach to therapy. Joshua works to integrate the body and mind dynamic into the healing process.
(619) 304-0151 View (619) 304-0151
Photo of David Hahn, Psychologist in El Cajon, CA
David Hahn
Psychologist, PsyD, MEd
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
El Cajon, CA 92021
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in treating depression, anxiety, stress management, work issues, and anger problems. If you are feeling overwhelmed, experiencing sadness, low energy, insomnia, loneliness, relationship problems, anger, difficulty focusing, or helplessness, through our work together, you will be able to relieve those symptoms. I also provide relief for symptoms including constant worry, racing thoughts, nervousness, irrational fears, social anxiety, and panic attacks. Your individual needs are carefully evaluated, and I tailor my therapeutic style to best meet those needs. You will increase your awareness of and resolve problematic behaviors to alleviate symptoms, reduce stress, improve relationships, and increase overall quality of life.
I specialize in treating depression, anxiety, stress management, work issues, and anger problems. If you are feeling overwhelmed, experiencing sadness, low energy, insomnia, loneliness, relationship problems, anger, difficulty focusing, or helplessness, through our work together, you will be able to relieve those symptoms. I also provide relief for symptoms including constant worry, racing thoughts, nervousness, irrational fears, social anxiety, and panic attacks. Your individual needs are carefully evaluated, and I tailor my therapeutic style to best meet those needs. You will increase your awareness of and resolve problematic behaviors to alleviate symptoms, reduce stress, improve relationships, and increase overall quality of life.
(619) 324-3789 View (619) 324-3789
Photo of Brande Vargas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in El Cajon, CA
Brande Vargas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
El Cajon, CA 92020
I am passionate about my work and consider it an honor to help people navigate and move forward to lead happier and more fulfilled lives. My goal as a therapist is to provide a safe environment to help guide you through life's challenges and the often-unpredictable ups and downs. I utilize a variety of treatment modalities and adapt treatment to fit your individual needs. I work from a strengths-based perspective and have a warm, gentle, supportive, non-judgmental, therapeutic style.
I am passionate about my work and consider it an honor to help people navigate and move forward to lead happier and more fulfilled lives. My goal as a therapist is to provide a safe environment to help guide you through life's challenges and the often-unpredictable ups and downs. I utilize a variety of treatment modalities and adapt treatment to fit your individual needs. I work from a strengths-based perspective and have a warm, gentle, supportive, non-judgmental, therapeutic style.
(619) 308-6354 View (619) 308-6354
Photo of Olivia Kozarev, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in El Cajon, CA
Olivia Kozarev
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
El Cajon, CA 92021
Not accepting new clients
***NOTE: Olivia Kozarev's practice is not taking new clients at this time*** You may be feeling "stuck", experiencing sadness, low energy, helplessness, racing thoughts, or wondering when things will get better. You want to find relief. I am a Board Licensed Clinical Social Worker who is passionate about helping adults during challenging times in their lives and I specialize in treating depression, anxiety, work/school stress, family conflict, and other life stressors. Through our partnership you'll gain deeper insight about yourself, learn new coping skills, and diminish symptoms.
***NOTE: Olivia Kozarev's practice is not taking new clients at this time*** You may be feeling "stuck", experiencing sadness, low energy, helplessness, racing thoughts, or wondering when things will get better. You want to find relief. I am a Board Licensed Clinical Social Worker who is passionate about helping adults during challenging times in their lives and I specialize in treating depression, anxiety, work/school stress, family conflict, and other life stressors. Through our partnership you'll gain deeper insight about yourself, learn new coping skills, and diminish symptoms.
(619) 597-2335 View (619) 597-2335
Photo of Rylan Testa, Psychologist in El Cajon, CA
Rylan Testa
Psychologist, CP
Verified Verified
El Cajon, CA 92019
Ryja (he/they) is motivated by a strong belief in each human's potential to transform suffering into wisdom, compassion, freedom, and loving action. He has immersed himself in learning different ways to facilitate this transformation. Beyond his formal training and licensure as a clinical psychologist, Ryja's orientation to his work with clients is deeply informed by his 2 and ¬Ω years living and studying full-time at a Zen monastery, and certification as a Nature and Forest Therapy Guide. Ryja has expertise in responding to times of stress, professional and caregiver burnout, and life transition.
Ryja (he/they) is motivated by a strong belief in each human's potential to transform suffering into wisdom, compassion, freedom, and loving action. He has immersed himself in learning different ways to facilitate this transformation. Beyond his formal training and licensure as a clinical psychologist, Ryja's orientation to his work with clients is deeply informed by his 2 and ¬Ω years living and studying full-time at a Zen monastery, and certification as a Nature and Forest Therapy Guide. Ryja has expertise in responding to times of stress, professional and caregiver burnout, and life transition.
(619) 346-7407 View (619) 346-7407
Photo of Maricsa Evans, Marriage & Family Therapist in El Cajon, CA
Maricsa Evans
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
El Cajon, CA 92019
Hello and Welcome! Maricsa Evans, M.A., LMFT I am a licensed marriage and family therapist eager to provide holistic treatment to clients struggling with depression, anxiety and life stressors. Maricsa uses a person-centered approach when providing therapy and takes time to build rapport in order to develop a healthy therapeutic relationship with clients. Maricsa currently works with individuals and couples to create and implement effective and individualized treatment plans. In addition, she has foundational coursework and training in cognitive behavioral and solution-focused therapies.
Hello and Welcome! Maricsa Evans, M.A., LMFT I am a licensed marriage and family therapist eager to provide holistic treatment to clients struggling with depression, anxiety and life stressors. Maricsa uses a person-centered approach when providing therapy and takes time to build rapport in order to develop a healthy therapeutic relationship with clients. Maricsa currently works with individuals and couples to create and implement effective and individualized treatment plans. In addition, she has foundational coursework and training in cognitive behavioral and solution-focused therapies.
(619) 319-9734 View (619) 319-9734
Photo of April Pearl Gutierrez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in El Cajon, CA
April Pearl Gutierrez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
El Cajon, CA 92020
Hello, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker w/ over 11 years of experience in the mental health field. I received my master’s degree in social work from San Diego State University in 2012 and I have worked with children, adults, and families in Community Mental Health Setting in both Riverside County and San Diego County. I am currently providing telehealth services on a HIPPA compliant platform as well as in person sessions. My practice specialties include treating depression, anxiety, panic disorders and tough life transitions as well post-traumatic stress disorders.
Hello, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker w/ over 11 years of experience in the mental health field. I received my master’s degree in social work from San Diego State University in 2012 and I have worked with children, adults, and families in Community Mental Health Setting in both Riverside County and San Diego County. I am currently providing telehealth services on a HIPPA compliant platform as well as in person sessions. My practice specialties include treating depression, anxiety, panic disorders and tough life transitions as well post-traumatic stress disorders.
(619) 273-0817 View (619) 273-0817
Photo of Andee Woolf, Marriage & Family Therapist in El Cajon, CA
Andee Woolf
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
El Cajon, CA 92020  (Online Only)
Everyone grows up in differing family dynamics, but it takes a specialized lens to understand the nuances of foster and adoptive families. Individuals and families who grow up in or are currently navigating foster and adoption matters can benefit from understanding the uniqueness of these experiences. Resilience, perseverance and growth are especially relevant in understanding and making sense of families’ foster and adoption stories, and my specialized professional and personal background can help you on that journey.
Everyone grows up in differing family dynamics, but it takes a specialized lens to understand the nuances of foster and adoptive families. Individuals and families who grow up in or are currently navigating foster and adoption matters can benefit from understanding the uniqueness of these experiences. Resilience, perseverance and growth are especially relevant in understanding and making sense of families’ foster and adoption stories, and my specialized professional and personal background can help you on that journey.
(619) 648-5255 View (619) 648-5255
Photo of Guy Washington, Psychologist in El Cajon, CA
Guy Washington
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
El Cajon, CA 92020
Guy E Washington, Psy.D. I prefer an integrative approach to treatment, as there is no one model technique that fits everyone. Therefore, it is imperative to connect and collaborate with clients to better understand their needs. I work with a variety of client types but not limited to those experiencing depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, interpersonal difficulties, and relationship challenges, and those experiencing severe mental illness.
Guy E Washington, Psy.D. I prefer an integrative approach to treatment, as there is no one model technique that fits everyone. Therefore, it is imperative to connect and collaborate with clients to better understand their needs. I work with a variety of client types but not limited to those experiencing depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, interpersonal difficulties, and relationship challenges, and those experiencing severe mental illness.
(619) 658-8964 View (619) 658-8964
Photo of Sarah Wright, Marriage & Family Therapist in El Cajon, CA
Sarah Wright
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, RPT-S
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
El Cajon, CA 92020
Not accepting new clients
Is your child experiencing difficulty at school, preschool, or in day to day life? Are you a parent that is experiencing stress due to child issues? I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California and Virginia, as well as a Registered Play Therapist-Supervisor who can assist you and your child create a sense of calm in the current storm. While I primarily work with children, I feel that it is equally important to work with parents in conjunction or just the parents in some instances to create a better outcome for the family unit. For families in Virginia, I would be working solely with parents through telehealth.
Is your child experiencing difficulty at school, preschool, or in day to day life? Are you a parent that is experiencing stress due to child issues? I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California and Virginia, as well as a Registered Play Therapist-Supervisor who can assist you and your child create a sense of calm in the current storm. While I primarily work with children, I feel that it is equally important to work with parents in conjunction or just the parents in some instances to create a better outcome for the family unit. For families in Virginia, I would be working solely with parents through telehealth.
(619) 727-6674 View (619) 727-6674
Photo of Tarina Griffin, Marriage & Family Therapist in El Cajon, CA
Tarina Griffin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
El Cajon, CA 92021
What is stopping you from reaching your fullest potential? Sometimes we as human beings need to confront our past in order to regain our future in an assertive way. Therapy can be a helpful tool in empowering your life.
What is stopping you from reaching your fullest potential? Sometimes we as human beings need to confront our past in order to regain our future in an assertive way. Therapy can be a helpful tool in empowering your life.
(858) 375-5693 View (858) 375-5693
Photo of Brittany Drnek, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in El Cajon, CA
Brittany Drnek
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
El Cajon, CA 92021
My name is Brittany Drnek. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has been working in the mental health field for over ten years.My area of expertise is helping people manage anxiety and panic, depression and mood disorders, OCD, trauma symptoms, parenting and family challenges, and relationship issues. My therapeutic technique is rooted in a combination of CBT, ACT, DBT, psychodynamic theory, attachment theory, and mindfulness practice. My clinical experience has made me a firm believer in the importance of treating the whole person and I work to support my clients in learning to care for themselves in all areas of their life.
My name is Brittany Drnek. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has been working in the mental health field for over ten years.My area of expertise is helping people manage anxiety and panic, depression and mood disorders, OCD, trauma symptoms, parenting and family challenges, and relationship issues. My therapeutic technique is rooted in a combination of CBT, ACT, DBT, psychodynamic theory, attachment theory, and mindfulness practice. My clinical experience has made me a firm believer in the importance of treating the whole person and I work to support my clients in learning to care for themselves in all areas of their life.
(619) 768-2751 View (619) 768-2751
Photo of Krystle Joy Briese, Marriage & Family Therapist in El Cajon, CA
Krystle Joy Briese
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, RPT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
El Cajon, CA 92021
Is your child or teen struggling at home, school, or in their everyday life? Are you trying to figure out how to be the best parent for them? As a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist and Registered Play Therapist I can help your child work through their struggles and help you, as their parent, help them too.
Is your child or teen struggling at home, school, or in their everyday life? Are you trying to figure out how to be the best parent for them? As a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist and Registered Play Therapist I can help your child work through their struggles and help you, as their parent, help them too.
(619) 658-6811 View (619) 658-6811
Photo of Alex Urrutia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in El Cajon, CA
Alex Urrutia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
El Cajon, CA 92020
I have worked in several areas of mental health care and have truly found my purpose and passion in assisting those who struggle with trauma and/or addiction. I understand how trauma has been locked within the psyche and having an individual feel as though they are stuck within themselves. I understand that addiction was a solution to several problems at the time because it allowed relief but in reality it only masked the underlying issues. My goal for each of my clients is to have them recognize their own strengths and abilities so they may continue or begin to live meaningful lives.
I have worked in several areas of mental health care and have truly found my purpose and passion in assisting those who struggle with trauma and/or addiction. I understand how trauma has been locked within the psyche and having an individual feel as though they are stuck within themselves. I understand that addiction was a solution to several problems at the time because it allowed relief but in reality it only masked the underlying issues. My goal for each of my clients is to have them recognize their own strengths and abilities so they may continue or begin to live meaningful lives.
(619) 393-5483 View (619) 393-5483
Photo of Emily VanNortwick, Marriage & Family Therapist in El Cajon, CA
Emily VanNortwick
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
El Cajon, CA 92020
Not accepting new clients
With over a decade of experience working in mental health, I support individuals struggling with anxiety to improve their coping skills and relationships. I help clients take active steps toward living more fulfilling lives aligned with their goals & values in an effort to better navigate periods of transition and change while identifying ways to manage distress effectively rather than feeling powerless & overwhelmed by panic. I use a modern and collaborative approach in my work to help increase positive views of self and empower clients to make adaptive change in their lives
With over a decade of experience working in mental health, I support individuals struggling with anxiety to improve their coping skills and relationships. I help clients take active steps toward living more fulfilling lives aligned with their goals & values in an effort to better navigate periods of transition and change while identifying ways to manage distress effectively rather than feeling powerless & overwhelmed by panic. I use a modern and collaborative approach in my work to help increase positive views of self and empower clients to make adaptive change in their lives
(619) 452-3929 View (619) 452-3929
Photo of Chenyka (Nyka) Ramos, Marriage & Family Therapist in El Cajon, CA
Chenyka (Nyka) Ramos
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
El Cajon, CA 92020
In a world where meeting your emotional needs is not always prioritized, individuals often become disconnected from themselves. As a result of this disconnection individuals may experience challenges with their mental health, experience dissatisfaction within their relationships and difficulty with identifying healthy coping skills. My role is to reconnect you to those emotional needs, educate and support you on ways of meeting these needs and provide you with tools to maintain stability and balance in life.
In a world where meeting your emotional needs is not always prioritized, individuals often become disconnected from themselves. As a result of this disconnection individuals may experience challenges with their mental health, experience dissatisfaction within their relationships and difficulty with identifying healthy coping skills. My role is to reconnect you to those emotional needs, educate and support you on ways of meeting these needs and provide you with tools to maintain stability and balance in life.
(619) 329-8399 View (619) 329-8399

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in El Cajon, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in El Cajon, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
85% Depression
69% Coping Skills
68% Self Esteem
66% Relationship Issues
63% Stress
61% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% Aetna
86% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
85% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in El Cajon, CA see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
17% Male

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in El Cajon?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.