Therapists in Winona, MN

Photo of Wellness and Hope, Counselor in Winona, MN
Wellness and Hope
Counselor, LPCC, LADC
Verified Verified
Winona, MN 55987
Hi, my name is Willa and I am a Professional Clinical Counselor, licensed in Minnesota, and Nationally Certified, with more than fifteen years working as a counselor and life coach. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, ADHD, anger, relationship issues, parenting problems, co-parenting problems, addictions, and co-dependency issues. I also helped many adults and adolescents who have experienced physical trauma, sexual abuse or emotional abuse.
Hi, my name is Willa and I am a Professional Clinical Counselor, licensed in Minnesota, and Nationally Certified, with more than fifteen years working as a counselor and life coach. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, ADHD, anger, relationship issues, parenting problems, co-parenting problems, addictions, and co-dependency issues. I also helped many adults and adolescents who have experienced physical trauma, sexual abuse or emotional abuse.
(507) 853-1980 View (507) 853-1980
Photo of Greg Ferriss, Pre-Licensed Professional in Winona, MN
Greg Ferriss
Pre-Licensed Professional, MDiv
Verified Verified
Winona, MN 55987
Gregory Ferriss, MDiv currently working as a Pre-Licensed Professional. Greg has completed his course work at Winona State’s Clinical Mental Health Counseling master's program. He previously earned a Master’s in Divinity from Havard University. Greg completed his yearlong counseling practicum and is in the process of completing his intern hours.
Gregory Ferriss, MDiv currently working as a Pre-Licensed Professional. Greg has completed his course work at Winona State’s Clinical Mental Health Counseling master's program. He previously earned a Master’s in Divinity from Havard University. Greg completed his yearlong counseling practicum and is in the process of completing his intern hours.
(507) 418-5621 View (507) 418-5621
Photo of Shaylee Rae Walsh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Winona, MN
Shaylee Rae Walsh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LGSW
Verified Verified
Winona, MN 55987
Not accepting new clients
Starting therapy can be a daunting process, difficult in finding openings and in feeling connected with providers. I like to start the therapy process giving time for developing a relationship with my clients as the basis for gaining skills and healing from past experiences. I never push clients to feel uncomfortable or approach topics before they are ready. I try to meet people where they are at, sit with them in their current feelings and emotional states and offer skills to shift out of these states. My main goal is to provide a safe place of support for clients to feel heard and understood in their own life experiences.
Starting therapy can be a daunting process, difficult in finding openings and in feeling connected with providers. I like to start the therapy process giving time for developing a relationship with my clients as the basis for gaining skills and healing from past experiences. I never push clients to feel uncomfortable or approach topics before they are ready. I try to meet people where they are at, sit with them in their current feelings and emotional states and offer skills to shift out of these states. My main goal is to provide a safe place of support for clients to feel heard and understood in their own life experiences.
(507) 480-4276 View (507) 480-4276
Photo of Jodie S Szewczyk, Pre-Licensed Professional in Winona, MN
Jodie S Szewczyk
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Not Verified Not Verified
Winona, MN 55987
I feel that meeting and speaking with each client allows me the opportunity to view them through the unique scope of listening and reflecting objectively. I am well-versed in anger management and domestic violence issues and have worked extensively with people dealing with depression and anxiety. My goal is to make a difference, small or large, in each session by helping a client to view himself or herself in a more positive, understood way than when they came in.
I feel that meeting and speaking with each client allows me the opportunity to view them through the unique scope of listening and reflecting objectively. I am well-versed in anger management and domestic violence issues and have worked extensively with people dealing with depression and anxiety. My goal is to make a difference, small or large, in each session by helping a client to view himself or herself in a more positive, understood way than when they came in.
(507) 722-1934 x23 View (507) 722-1934 x23
Photo of Erica Thibodeaux, Licensed Professional Counselor in Winona, MN
Erica Thibodeaux
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Winona, MN 55987
Waitlist for new clients
Erica is a therapist's therapist. I work with the elements of nature to reveal the sources of discomfort, disharmony, and dis-ease that are often the source of pain, suffering, and trauma within a person, family, or ancestral lineage. I believe that a holistic approach is vital to true wellbeing and that healing occurs on multiple levels- emotional, mental, physical, and spiritual. In addition to clinical experience, I lived in West Africa and after returning I apprenticed with Dagara Elder, Malidoma Somé.
Erica is a therapist's therapist. I work with the elements of nature to reveal the sources of discomfort, disharmony, and dis-ease that are often the source of pain, suffering, and trauma within a person, family, or ancestral lineage. I believe that a holistic approach is vital to true wellbeing and that healing occurs on multiple levels- emotional, mental, physical, and spiritual. In addition to clinical experience, I lived in West Africa and after returning I apprenticed with Dagara Elder, Malidoma Somé.
(507) 481-1061 View (507) 481-1061
Photo of Michelle Johnson, Counselor in Winona, MN
Michelle Johnson
Counselor, MS, LPCC, LADC, LPC, CSAC
Verified Verified
Winona, MN 55987
For over 15 years, I have had the privilege of counseling people of all ages and backgrounds that have struggled with anxiety, depression, marital conflict, family issues and academic concerns. Over the past five years, I have also started working with clients that have alcohol and drug related problems. Everyone is so unique. Therefore, my therapeutic approach is a nonjudgmental positive regard and it is tailored to fit the individual, couple and/or family. It has been very rewarding to watch so many clients make better choices and live a more full, enriched life. Every day is a new beginning!
For over 15 years, I have had the privilege of counseling people of all ages and backgrounds that have struggled with anxiety, depression, marital conflict, family issues and academic concerns. Over the past five years, I have also started working with clients that have alcohol and drug related problems. Everyone is so unique. Therefore, my therapeutic approach is a nonjudgmental positive regard and it is tailored to fit the individual, couple and/or family. It has been very rewarding to watch so many clients make better choices and live a more full, enriched life. Every day is a new beginning!
(507) 216-6141 View (507) 216-6141
Photo of Jamie Sanders, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Winona, MN
Jamie Sanders
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, APSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Winona, MN 55987
You don't have to struggle with difficult emotions or experiences alone; let me help! If you are experiencing feelings of anxiety or depression, we may explore the parts of you that are hurting and how to resolve the hurt. We may focus on increasing positive emotions or learning from the difficult ones. Adjusting to the stress of college? I can help navigate changed relationships, cope with new roles, responsibilities, and emotions. Worried about your teen's stress and mood? I can guide you in parenting or provide therapy for your teen.
You don't have to struggle with difficult emotions or experiences alone; let me help! If you are experiencing feelings of anxiety or depression, we may explore the parts of you that are hurting and how to resolve the hurt. We may focus on increasing positive emotions or learning from the difficult ones. Adjusting to the stress of college? I can help navigate changed relationships, cope with new roles, responsibilities, and emotions. Worried about your teen's stress and mood? I can guide you in parenting or provide therapy for your teen.
(507) 307-4629 View (507) 307-4629
Photo of Morgan Gulbranson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Winona, MN
Morgan Gulbranson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Winona, MN 55987
I am dedicated to providing a safe, confidential, respectful atmosphere that progresses into open communication and self exploration in order to better understand thoughts, feelings, and behavior. I believe that by accessing our strengths we are better able to explore problems and implement strategies that will help live our lives to the fullest. In order to do so I utilize techniques from Solution-Focused Therapy, Psychotherapy (talk-therapy), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. My goal is to personalize therapy to meet the unique needs of each individual I work with in order to promote lasting therapeutic change and symptom relief.
I am dedicated to providing a safe, confidential, respectful atmosphere that progresses into open communication and self exploration in order to better understand thoughts, feelings, and behavior. I believe that by accessing our strengths we are better able to explore problems and implement strategies that will help live our lives to the fullest. In order to do so I utilize techniques from Solution-Focused Therapy, Psychotherapy (talk-therapy), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. My goal is to personalize therapy to meet the unique needs of each individual I work with in order to promote lasting therapeutic change and symptom relief.
(507) 242-4489 View (507) 242-4489
Photo of Root Counseling Services, Marriage & Family Therapist in Winona, MN
Root Counseling Services
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Winona, MN 55987
Not accepting new clients
I know life can really knock you down at times. I’ve been there! It affects our relationships, school, work, goals and dreams, and can leave us feeling lost. As a Marriage and Family Therapist, I am extensively trained to understand relationship dynamics and the hardships that can affect them. I can help individuals, couples, and families overcome the challenges they face. I can help support, guide, and coach you to learn new ways of relating to yourself, and the people in your life so that you can improve those relationships.
I know life can really knock you down at times. I’ve been there! It affects our relationships, school, work, goals and dreams, and can leave us feeling lost. As a Marriage and Family Therapist, I am extensively trained to understand relationship dynamics and the hardships that can affect them. I can help individuals, couples, and families overcome the challenges they face. I can help support, guide, and coach you to learn new ways of relating to yourself, and the people in your life so that you can improve those relationships.
(507) 204-3980 View (507) 204-3980
Photo of Kathryn Jargo, Licensed Professional Counselor in Winona, MN
Kathryn Jargo
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Winona, MN 55987
I work with folks who, formally or informally, support others and find themselves needing tools to care for themselves. Perhaps you are another mental health provider, a first responder, a guardian, a leader, or an advocate. You too may be experiencing past traumas and/or overwhelming stresses, unhelpful relational patterns, current unrealistic expectations of self, or feelings of anxiety and uncertainty. Maybe you notice it's hard to enjoy what's happening in the now as you are preoccupied on what's next. You too deserve a teammate on your adventure towards relief and joy.
I work with folks who, formally or informally, support others and find themselves needing tools to care for themselves. Perhaps you are another mental health provider, a first responder, a guardian, a leader, or an advocate. You too may be experiencing past traumas and/or overwhelming stresses, unhelpful relational patterns, current unrealistic expectations of self, or feelings of anxiety and uncertainty. Maybe you notice it's hard to enjoy what's happening in the now as you are preoccupied on what's next. You too deserve a teammate on your adventure towards relief and joy.
(507) 431-5842 View (507) 431-5842
Photo of Jeanne Claire Szatkowski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Winona, MN
Jeanne Claire Szatkowski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAC
Verified Verified
Winona, MN 55987
I have worked with many people over the years; young children, adolescents, young adults, adults, all with various issues. Many of the clients I see are struggling with anxiety, worries, depression, chemical use, relationship concerns, or parenting dilemmas. Often times, people are most helped by having someone to listen, to help them explore the issue, and to find solutions that work for them. My 35 years of experience have given me insight into what strategies are most effective. I am licensed and skilled in both mental health and chemical use issues.
I have worked with many people over the years; young children, adolescents, young adults, adults, all with various issues. Many of the clients I see are struggling with anxiety, worries, depression, chemical use, relationship concerns, or parenting dilemmas. Often times, people are most helped by having someone to listen, to help them explore the issue, and to find solutions that work for them. My 35 years of experience have given me insight into what strategies are most effective. I am licensed and skilled in both mental health and chemical use issues.
(608) 807-1930 View (608) 807-1930
Photo of Chris Newton, Psychologist in Winona, MN
Chris Newton
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Winona, MN 55987
Over the course of an individual's life, new events can lead to a disruption in the ability to effectively cope with stressors that may have once been handled effectively. As such, my professional focus is on helping clients who have been through a traumatic/stressful event heal more effectively so that they may resume their lives in a healthier and happier manner. I work primarily from a Cognitive-Behavioral and Strength-based approach, and specific mental health concerns I specialize in include, but are not limited to, Relationship Difficulties, Parenting, Addiction, Depression/Anxiety, Trauma/PTSD, and Grief.
Over the course of an individual's life, new events can lead to a disruption in the ability to effectively cope with stressors that may have once been handled effectively. As such, my professional focus is on helping clients who have been through a traumatic/stressful event heal more effectively so that they may resume their lives in a healthier and happier manner. I work primarily from a Cognitive-Behavioral and Strength-based approach, and specific mental health concerns I specialize in include, but are not limited to, Relationship Difficulties, Parenting, Addiction, Depression/Anxiety, Trauma/PTSD, and Grief.
(507) 452-5033 View (507) 452-5033
Photo of Christi (Nowland) Ziems, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Winona, MN
Christi (Nowland) Ziems
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Winona, MN 55987
I have a great deal of experience working with trauma, anxiety, depression, grief and health issues. I also enjoy working with college students.
I have a great deal of experience working with trauma, anxiety, depression, grief and health issues. I also enjoy working with college students.
(608) 650-5329 View (608) 650-5329
Photo of Sheila Daley, Psychologist in Winona, MN
Sheila Daley
Psychologist, MA, LP, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Winona, MN 55987
I am a licensed psychologist and marriage and family therapist providing quality services to individuals, couples, and families. I trained and practiced at Mayo Clinic prior to establishing a private practice. Marital/relationship issues, anxiety, PTSD, OCD, depression, stress, health and weight management, parent-child interaction, blended families, life adjustments, and occupational issues, are specialty areas of practice. I am also a qualified mediator and have completed certification in Integrative Medicine for Mental Health Professionals. I offer both teletherapy and in-person sessions with flexible appointment times.
I am a licensed psychologist and marriage and family therapist providing quality services to individuals, couples, and families. I trained and practiced at Mayo Clinic prior to establishing a private practice. Marital/relationship issues, anxiety, PTSD, OCD, depression, stress, health and weight management, parent-child interaction, blended families, life adjustments, and occupational issues, are specialty areas of practice. I am also a qualified mediator and have completed certification in Integrative Medicine for Mental Health Professionals. I offer both teletherapy and in-person sessions with flexible appointment times.
(507) 788-8708 View (507) 788-8708
Photo of Jason Schweitzer, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Winona, MN
Jason Schweitzer, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Winona, MN 55987
Not accepting new clients
I work with Adults, Seniors, and Past/Current Emergency Services and Military as well as their families. Presenting problems I deal with most include: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Anxiety/Phobias, Depression, Military/Family Life Issues, Anger Management, and Struggles with the principles and commands of Christian scripture. I offer a variety of evidenced-based treatment modalities including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), cognitive processing therapy (CPT), exposure therapy, and trauma therapies.
I work with Adults, Seniors, and Past/Current Emergency Services and Military as well as their families. Presenting problems I deal with most include: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Anxiety/Phobias, Depression, Military/Family Life Issues, Anger Management, and Struggles with the principles and commands of Christian scripture. I offer a variety of evidenced-based treatment modalities including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), cognitive processing therapy (CPT), exposure therapy, and trauma therapies.
(507) 414-5139 View (507) 414-5139
Photo of Christa Welbon, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Winona, MN
Christa Welbon
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, BS, LADC
Verified Verified
Winona, MN 55987  (Online Only)
Have you had life circumstances change and are looking for assistance in your recovery? I have been working with people who have addiction issues for over 25 years. I am motivated by peoples' ability to make positive life changes and believe everyone can choose to change and improve their life. I will meet you wherever you are in your recovery and help you make a plan for continued success. I believe in providing a safe and supportive space and looking at the whole person when working with a client. I use evidence based therapeutic interventions based on each client's goals.
Have you had life circumstances change and are looking for assistance in your recovery? I have been working with people who have addiction issues for over 25 years. I am motivated by peoples' ability to make positive life changes and believe everyone can choose to change and improve their life. I will meet you wherever you are in your recovery and help you make a plan for continued success. I believe in providing a safe and supportive space and looking at the whole person when working with a client. I use evidence based therapeutic interventions based on each client's goals.
(507) 607-7647 View (507) 607-7647
Photo of Dr. Pamela M. Peterson, Psychologist in Winona, MN
Dr. Pamela M. Peterson
Psychologist, PhD, LP, HSP
Verified Verified
Winona, MN 55987
Hope and optimism can feel like they are far, far away when you are in the midst of chronic depression. A day without depression is a huge change in some people's lives. Mental health treatment can bring optimism in the midst of pessimism and darkness. Psychotherapy introduces tools to help you cope with the exhaustion of emptiness and frustration of social anxiety. Whether your issues are related to depression or dysfunctional relationship patterns, there is hope.
Hope and optimism can feel like they are far, far away when you are in the midst of chronic depression. A day without depression is a huge change in some people's lives. Mental health treatment can bring optimism in the midst of pessimism and darkness. Psychotherapy introduces tools to help you cope with the exhaustion of emptiness and frustration of social anxiety. Whether your issues are related to depression or dysfunctional relationship patterns, there is hope.
(507) 858-6529 View (507) 858-6529
Photo of Emily Pfaff, Licensed Professional Counselor in Winona, MN
Emily Pfaff
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LPCC
Verified Verified
Winona, MN 55987
Not accepting new clients
Life can just really suck sometimes! Therapy can often be the jump start needed to help you move in the direction of healing. I work primarily with adolescents and adults. Currently, I am the only certified FBT Therapist in the state of Wisconsin, which is the leading treatment approach for adolescents/young adults diagnosed with an eating disorder. In addition, I also treat anxiety, OCD, social anxiety, and mood related difficulties. I am also here if you are navigating a difficult life transition... those can be brutal! I have been a therapist for just over 10 years and would love to hear more about your goals!
Life can just really suck sometimes! Therapy can often be the jump start needed to help you move in the direction of healing. I work primarily with adolescents and adults. Currently, I am the only certified FBT Therapist in the state of Wisconsin, which is the leading treatment approach for adolescents/young adults diagnosed with an eating disorder. In addition, I also treat anxiety, OCD, social anxiety, and mood related difficulties. I am also here if you are navigating a difficult life transition... those can be brutal! I have been a therapist for just over 10 years and would love to hear more about your goals!
(608) 600-0851 View (608) 600-0851
Photo of Cynthie Christensen, LPCC, Counselor in Winona, MN
Cynthie Christensen, LPCC
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Winona, MN 55987
Congratulations on beginning your search to find a therapist that will partner with you to create the life you imagine. A life that is more satisfying and reflects your personal goals and values. Life can be challenging as you juggle work/school, personal relationships, every day stress, and relaxation. While every emotion is important and has something to tell, negative emotions and stress can get you down and create doubt in yourself. Are you ready to challenge yourself to learn some different coping strategies, communicate your needs more effectively, and repair relationships?
Congratulations on beginning your search to find a therapist that will partner with you to create the life you imagine. A life that is more satisfying and reflects your personal goals and values. Life can be challenging as you juggle work/school, personal relationships, every day stress, and relaxation. While every emotion is important and has something to tell, negative emotions and stress can get you down and create doubt in yourself. Are you ready to challenge yourself to learn some different coping strategies, communicate your needs more effectively, and repair relationships?
(507) 307-4560 View (507) 307-4560
Photo of Casey Larson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Winona, MN
Casey Larson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Winona, MN 55987
My name is Casey Larson, and I am a licensed independent clinical social worker (LICSW). I enjoy working with children (6 and under) and their caregivers, youth, and adults. I have experience assisting people with a variety of concerns including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, ADHD, dependent personality disorder, trauma among others. I value meeting clients where they are at and exploring their goals. Call today to schedule an appointment.
My name is Casey Larson, and I am a licensed independent clinical social worker (LICSW). I enjoy working with children (6 and under) and their caregivers, youth, and adults. I have experience assisting people with a variety of concerns including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, ADHD, dependent personality disorder, trauma among others. I value meeting clients where they are at and exploring their goals. Call today to schedule an appointment.
(507) 204-9738 View (507) 204-9738

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Winona, MN

20+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Winona, MN who prioritize treating:

92% Depression
92% Anxiety
79% Coping Skills
75% Trauma and PTSD
75% Stress
63% Relationship Issues
63% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% BlueCross and BlueShield
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
63% Medica

How Therapists in Winona, MN see their clients

92% In Person and Online
8% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
21% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Winona?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.