Therapists in Sussex, WI

Photo of Zamzam Zaman, Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, MA
Zamzam Zaman
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I help my clients process in a non-judgmental, supportive and trusting environment which can oftentimes be a powerful catalyst for healing, and for bringing about meaningful change.
I help my clients process in a non-judgmental, supportive and trusting environment which can oftentimes be a powerful catalyst for healing, and for bringing about meaningful change.
(262) 468-9988 View (262) 468-9988
Photo of Jennifer N Lila, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAC
Jennifer N Lila
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAC
Verified Verified
Sussex, WI 53089
My approach to therapy is rooted in empathy, compassion, and non-judgment. I strive to create a safe and supportive environment where my patients feel comfortable exploring their thoughts and feelings, and where they can develop the skills and tools, they need to thrive Rather than just survive. I understand that each patient is individual and has individual needs. I use a person-centered approach. I am Certified in HeartMath, Moral Reconation Therapy, Trauma Professional Level 2, and EMDR. Now offering Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy.
My approach to therapy is rooted in empathy, compassion, and non-judgment. I strive to create a safe and supportive environment where my patients feel comfortable exploring their thoughts and feelings, and where they can develop the skills and tools, they need to thrive Rather than just survive. I understand that each patient is individual and has individual needs. I use a person-centered approach. I am Certified in HeartMath, Moral Reconation Therapy, Trauma Professional Level 2, and EMDR. Now offering Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy.
(262) 218-4625 View (262) 218-4625
Photo of Lizzy Malueg, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Lizzy Malueg
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Sussex, WI 53089
When you feel validated and assured by those around you, we start to feel heard, wanted, and motivated. You feel a sense of urgency to start working through the challenges life is throwing your way; wondering the best way to go about this. This is where we work together to identify what is causing these concerns to continue occurring, the underlying meaning, and develop a newfound perspective on your life. Those who choose to attend therapy show a strength by allowing yourself to be vulnerable and having awareness of change needed to happen. This is why I strive to be empathic, genuine, and create a welcoming environment for all.
When you feel validated and assured by those around you, we start to feel heard, wanted, and motivated. You feel a sense of urgency to start working through the challenges life is throwing your way; wondering the best way to go about this. This is where we work together to identify what is causing these concerns to continue occurring, the underlying meaning, and develop a newfound perspective on your life. Those who choose to attend therapy show a strength by allowing yourself to be vulnerable and having awareness of change needed to happen. This is why I strive to be empathic, genuine, and create a welcoming environment for all.
(262) 368-6019 View (262) 368-6019
Photo of Morgan A Carter-Engstrand, Psychologist, PsyD, LP, MA
Morgan A Carter-Engstrand
Psychologist, PsyD, LP, MA
Verified Verified
Sussex, WI 53089
I have spent the last 4 years doing individual therapy, couples therapy, group therapy, and crisis intervention. I have experience working with acute and complex trauma, anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues. I also offer Life Coaching, Nutritional Coaching, and Couples Coaching.
I have spent the last 4 years doing individual therapy, couples therapy, group therapy, and crisis intervention. I have experience working with acute and complex trauma, anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues. I also offer Life Coaching, Nutritional Coaching, and Couples Coaching.
(262) 762-7998 View (262) 762-7998
Photo of Taylor Faubel, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Taylor Faubel
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Sussex, WI 53089
Taylor is a compassionate and dedicated mental health therapist specializing in mood disorders, anxiety, depression, trauma, and has a passion for working within the realm of maternal mental health. With a Master of Science (MS) degree and a background in inpatient, residential, and outpatient work Taylor is dedicated to provide the best care to her clients. As a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and a National Certified Counselor (NCC), Taylor brings a wealth of knowledge and expertise to her clients. ​
Taylor is a compassionate and dedicated mental health therapist specializing in mood disorders, anxiety, depression, trauma, and has a passion for working within the realm of maternal mental health. With a Master of Science (MS) degree and a background in inpatient, residential, and outpatient work Taylor is dedicated to provide the best care to her clients. As a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and a National Certified Counselor (NCC), Taylor brings a wealth of knowledge and expertise to her clients. ​
(262) 393-4735 View (262) 393-4735
Photo of Emily Brownfield, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Emily Brownfield
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Sussex, WI 53089
Not accepting new clients
When we take the time to nourish our soul, we increase our emotional resilience and promote overall healing which helps us through life’s many obstacles and increases our quality of life. However, often there are inside forces and outside forces that hinder nurturing our soul and this is what I support my clients with. I understand the healing process requires a leap of faith and that taking the necessary steps can be dialectically exciting and daunting. This is why I strive to embrace my clients with curiosity, empathy, and authenticity while also challenging them to take their next steps towards meaningful change.
When we take the time to nourish our soul, we increase our emotional resilience and promote overall healing which helps us through life’s many obstacles and increases our quality of life. However, often there are inside forces and outside forces that hinder nurturing our soul and this is what I support my clients with. I understand the healing process requires a leap of faith and that taking the necessary steps can be dialectically exciting and daunting. This is why I strive to embrace my clients with curiosity, empathy, and authenticity while also challenging them to take their next steps towards meaningful change.
(262) 829-7041 View (262) 829-7041
Photo of Katrina Anderson, Counselor, LPC-IT
Katrina Anderson
Counselor, LPC-IT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Appointments are available for ages 4+! I believe that finding a good therapist is about finding hope during hard times. Depression and anxiety are just a few examples of how distress can manifest in our lives and the lives of our loved ones. Therapy isn't about telling a client what to do or how to feel, but rather helping them gain a better understanding of "why" they - or a loved one - may be feeling or behaving in a particular way.
Appointments are available for ages 4+! I believe that finding a good therapist is about finding hope during hard times. Depression and anxiety are just a few examples of how distress can manifest in our lives and the lives of our loved ones. Therapy isn't about telling a client what to do or how to feel, but rather helping them gain a better understanding of "why" they - or a loved one - may be feeling or behaving in a particular way.
(262) 888-7330 View (262) 888-7330
Photo of Melissa McDermott, Counselor, LPC-IT
Melissa McDermott
Counselor, LPC-IT
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Melissa believes that a person is more than what brings them into therapy. An individual has various interests, needs, intersecting identities, early experiences, and goals. Therefore, Melissa values the therapeutic relationship, establishing a relationship built in collaboration and trust, so that the client has a safe space to explore their narratives, their values, and wellness. Melissa mainly pulls from humanistic and cognitive behavioral approaches, offering a space of non judgment as one examines thoughts, behaviors, and feelings; however, Melissa aims to meet the client where they are at in their wellness journey.
Melissa believes that a person is more than what brings them into therapy. An individual has various interests, needs, intersecting identities, early experiences, and goals. Therefore, Melissa values the therapeutic relationship, establishing a relationship built in collaboration and trust, so that the client has a safe space to explore their narratives, their values, and wellness. Melissa mainly pulls from humanistic and cognitive behavioral approaches, offering a space of non judgment as one examines thoughts, behaviors, and feelings; however, Melissa aims to meet the client where they are at in their wellness journey.
(414) 261-2948 View (414) 261-2948
Photo of Meghan Ludowissi, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSAC
Meghan Ludowissi
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSAC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Serves Area
In a world that often feels chaotic, I want to create a safe space for you to explore your thoughts and feelings without judgment. As a licensed professional counselor (LPC) since 2016, I have specialized training in, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) trauma-focused interventions including Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) and post-partum concerns. I’ve had the privilege of helping adults navigate challenges such as substance use, stress, self-esteem issues, depression, anxiety, including postpartum depression and anxiety, and mood and personality disorders.
In a world that often feels chaotic, I want to create a safe space for you to explore your thoughts and feelings without judgment. As a licensed professional counselor (LPC) since 2016, I have specialized training in, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) trauma-focused interventions including Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) and post-partum concerns. I’ve had the privilege of helping adults navigate challenges such as substance use, stress, self-esteem issues, depression, anxiety, including postpartum depression and anxiety, and mood and personality disorders.
(262) 262-8247 View (262) 262-8247
Photo of Danielle Osborne, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Danielle Osborne
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Hello- My name is Danielle Osborne and I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Wisconsin. I understand that clients need to have a positive rapport with their therapist and a safe place to talk openly about their stressors before any progress can occur. It is important for patients to have have a therapist that recognizes their strengths and provides person centered care. Patients need a supportive and empathetic therapist who can help them learn and grow.
Hello- My name is Danielle Osborne and I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Wisconsin. I understand that clients need to have a positive rapport with their therapist and a safe place to talk openly about their stressors before any progress can occur. It is important for patients to have have a therapist that recognizes their strengths and provides person centered care. Patients need a supportive and empathetic therapist who can help them learn and grow.
(262) 671-2570 View (262) 671-2570
Photo of Geena Melone, Counselor, MA, LPC-IT
Geena Melone
Counselor, MA, LPC-IT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
In our sessions, you will have the time and space to process what you’re experiencing at your own pace. You will receive individualized attention, and most importantly, you are in charge of your sessions. This approach is designed to empower you, allowing you to take the lead in guiding the direction of our work together. My role is to support and encourage you as you work toward your goals.
In our sessions, you will have the time and space to process what you’re experiencing at your own pace. You will receive individualized attention, and most importantly, you are in charge of your sessions. This approach is designed to empower you, allowing you to take the lead in guiding the direction of our work together. My role is to support and encourage you as you work toward your goals.
(262) 440-8071 View (262) 440-8071
Photo of Ashley Westphal, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Ashley Westphal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I specialize in helping children, teens, and adults navigate the challenges of depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. My approach is grounded in evidence-based therapies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), tailored to meet the unique needs of each client. In our first few sessions, you'll have the opportunity to share your story and the goals you hope to achieve in therapy. Together, we’ll work collaboratively to establish clear, achievable goals and a path forward.
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I specialize in helping children, teens, and adults navigate the challenges of depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. My approach is grounded in evidence-based therapies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), tailored to meet the unique needs of each client. In our first few sessions, you'll have the opportunity to share your story and the goals you hope to achieve in therapy. Together, we’ll work collaboratively to establish clear, achievable goals and a path forward.
(262) 668-8470 View (262) 668-8470
Photo of Beth McKay, Counselor, MS, LPC
Beth McKay
Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
We all seek a life that is fulfilling and meaningful, but sometimes during our life's journey, we can come to feel disconnected from that source of meaning. Perhaps the stress and responsibilities of life become overwhelming, and what is meaningful gets lost in the busyness. Maybe a life event occurs (trauma/illness/death/divorce/etc.) that causes us to reevaluate everything we thought to be true. Maybe our relationships or our roles in life begin to shift making us question "What now?" My honor as a therapist is to walk with you as you rekindle that connection and create a life that intentionally honors what matters most to you.
We all seek a life that is fulfilling and meaningful, but sometimes during our life's journey, we can come to feel disconnected from that source of meaning. Perhaps the stress and responsibilities of life become overwhelming, and what is meaningful gets lost in the busyness. Maybe a life event occurs (trauma/illness/death/divorce/etc.) that causes us to reevaluate everything we thought to be true. Maybe our relationships or our roles in life begin to shift making us question "What now?" My honor as a therapist is to walk with you as you rekindle that connection and create a life that intentionally honors what matters most to you.
(262) 218-4541 View (262) 218-4541
Photo of Corrin Sotala, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Corrin Sotala
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I believe that even in a short time, meaningful change is possible. I work with women of all ages. My goal is to create a space filled with healing, care, and compassion, where you feel safe and supported. I believe you have the answers within you, and my role is to support and empower you as you uncover them.
I believe that even in a short time, meaningful change is possible. I work with women of all ages. My goal is to create a space filled with healing, care, and compassion, where you feel safe and supported. I believe you have the answers within you, and my role is to support and empower you as you uncover them.
(262) 300-4750 View (262) 300-4750
Photo of Olivia Starrett, Counselor, LPC-IT
Olivia Starrett
Counselor, LPC-IT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I believe therapy is rooted in a collaborative relationship between the client and counselor. I trust with support, determination, and evidence-based counseling approaches, change is achievable in a counseling setting. My sessions will have structure whilst allowing my clients to lead their sessions. I have been trained with both classic effective skills and new innovative skills. I look forward to using my experience, knowledge, and originality to assist my clients in their mental health journey. Taking steps to begin counseling can feel overwhelming, but can also be a true testament of your bravery and self-commitment.
I believe therapy is rooted in a collaborative relationship between the client and counselor. I trust with support, determination, and evidence-based counseling approaches, change is achievable in a counseling setting. My sessions will have structure whilst allowing my clients to lead their sessions. I have been trained with both classic effective skills and new innovative skills. I look forward to using my experience, knowledge, and originality to assist my clients in their mental health journey. Taking steps to begin counseling can feel overwhelming, but can also be a true testament of your bravery and self-commitment.
(262) 592-5762 View (262) 592-5762
Photo of Sonya S Trueblood, Psychologist, PsyD
Sonya S Trueblood
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
Dr. Trueblood is a strength-based psychologist who uses cognitive behavioral and Rogerian approaches to help people see challenges as opportunities for growth. By using perspective and available internal and external resources, an individual creates a stronger self leading to healthier, happier, and more fulfilling relationships. Focus on the mind, body, and spirit are also encouraged and incorporated into treatment to facilitate a holistic approach. In working with children and adolescents, Dr. Trueblood feels giving them respect, supportive listening, additional perspective, and healthier coping skills will increase their ego-strength resulting in more positive relationships with peers, parents, and self.
Dr. Trueblood is a strength-based psychologist who uses cognitive behavioral and Rogerian approaches to help people see challenges as opportunities for growth. By using perspective and available internal and external resources, an individual creates a stronger self leading to healthier, happier, and more fulfilling relationships. Focus on the mind, body, and spirit are also encouraged and incorporated into treatment to facilitate a holistic approach. In working with children and adolescents, Dr. Trueblood feels giving them respect, supportive listening, additional perspective, and healthier coping skills will increase their ego-strength resulting in more positive relationships with peers, parents, and self.
(262) 582-4570 View (262) 582-4570

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Liz Arndorfer, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, SAC
Liz Arndorfer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, SAC
Verified Verified
Delafield, WI 53018
As a Licensed Professional Counselor, with a Masters in Counselor of Education from UW-Whitewater, I've worked 10+ years primarily with both outpatient therapy and higher levels of care in behavioral health, including partial hospitalization and psychiatric inpatient. Self-compassion, even in the smallest doses can make such an impact on someone's perception of life. I've realized that self-compassion was missing in my world. I have learned the art of letting go of life issues that are out of my control; working through difficult emotions instead of avoiding them; and then most importantly making time for myself!
As a Licensed Professional Counselor, with a Masters in Counselor of Education from UW-Whitewater, I've worked 10+ years primarily with both outpatient therapy and higher levels of care in behavioral health, including partial hospitalization and psychiatric inpatient. Self-compassion, even in the smallest doses can make such an impact on someone's perception of life. I've realized that self-compassion was missing in my world. I have learned the art of letting go of life issues that are out of my control; working through difficult emotions instead of avoiding them; and then most importantly making time for myself!
(262) 300-7589 View (262) 300-7589
Photo of Matthew Rozzi, Psychologist, LP
Matthew Rozzi
Psychologist, LP
Verified Verified
Online Only
I care deeply for the work and the people I have the privilege to connect with and care for. I especially enjoy working with younger folks and couples. Young people today are surrounded by a lot of complex and unique generational issues including rapid technological development, attentional drains, social isolation, reduced financial opportunities, and political uncertainty. Truly this is a difficult time to be a young person. This is also a difficult time to forge meaningful connections with others. But difficult does not mean impossible.
I care deeply for the work and the people I have the privilege to connect with and care for. I especially enjoy working with younger folks and couples. Young people today are surrounded by a lot of complex and unique generational issues including rapid technological development, attentional drains, social isolation, reduced financial opportunities, and political uncertainty. Truly this is a difficult time to be a young person. This is also a difficult time to forge meaningful connections with others. But difficult does not mean impossible.
(262) 217-0378 View (262) 217-0378
Photo of Joy Parks, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Joy Parks
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Milwaukee, WI 53210
As the founder of A Touch of Joy Mental Wellness Services, my goal is for every client to feel welcomed, respected, and valued. For the last 15 years I have treated clients using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and find it to be very effective. This time has afforded me the opportunity to touch the lives of many adults, children, couples, and families. I am passionate about my work with each client and use my faith to sustain balance and integrity. It is my hope that your time with me will bring you into a greater awareness and appreciation for who you are!
As the founder of A Touch of Joy Mental Wellness Services, my goal is for every client to feel welcomed, respected, and valued. For the last 15 years I have treated clients using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and find it to be very effective. This time has afforded me the opportunity to touch the lives of many adults, children, couples, and families. I am passionate about my work with each client and use my faith to sustain balance and integrity. It is my hope that your time with me will bring you into a greater awareness and appreciation for who you are!
View
Photo of Kelly Farber - Kelly Farber, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kelly Farber, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Hartland, WI 53029
I understand that taking the first step in seeking help can be intimidating, and I want you to feel as comfortable as possible by providing a safe, calm, non-judgmental, and confidential atmosphere for us to talk, reflect, laugh, and process. I want to work with you to find solutions that will benefit you in the struggles you're facing, and find tools that will help you for the long term. Parenting, career decisions, and relationship struggles are certainly challenging, but I have helped many people work through these situations and come out feeling more empowered and confident in handling them.
I understand that taking the first step in seeking help can be intimidating, and I want you to feel as comfortable as possible by providing a safe, calm, non-judgmental, and confidential atmosphere for us to talk, reflect, laugh, and process. I want to work with you to find solutions that will benefit you in the struggles you're facing, and find tools that will help you for the long term. Parenting, career decisions, and relationship struggles are certainly challenging, but I have helped many people work through these situations and come out feeling more empowered and confident in handling them.
(262) 327-6700 View (262) 327-6700

See more therapy options for Sussex

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sussex, WI

10+

Average cost per session

$127

Therapists in Sussex, WI who prioritize treating:

94% Depression
94% Anxiety
75% Coping Skills
69% Self Esteem
69% Stress
63% Women's Issues
56% Grief

Average years in practice

7 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

92% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
75% United Medical Resources (UMR)
67% Aetna

How Therapists in Sussex, WI see their clients

88% In Person and Online
12% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sussex?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.