Therapists in Monona, WI

Photo of Phillip Ross Buttner, PhD, LP, Psychologist
Phillip Ross Buttner
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Monona, WI 53716
Reaching out for help is a significant step, and I deeply appreciate the vulnerability and leap of faith it takes to enter into a therapeutic relationship. I believe that taking the time to get a true sense of a client’s perspective and lived experience is the first and most important step in addressing the concerns and challenges brought into treatment. Because of this, I strive to fully understand the clients I have the privilege to work with.
Reaching out for help is a significant step, and I deeply appreciate the vulnerability and leap of faith it takes to enter into a therapeutic relationship. I believe that taking the time to get a true sense of a client’s perspective and lived experience is the first and most important step in addressing the concerns and challenges brought into treatment. Because of this, I strive to fully understand the clients I have the privilege to work with.
(608) 465-4884 View (608) 465-4884
Photo of Aisha Rosh, PhD, NCSP, Psychologist
Aisha Rosh
Psychologist, PhD, NCSP
Verified Verified
Monona, WI 53716
Finding a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation for your child might seem like an uphill battle. I began conducting ADHD, Autism, & Gifted evaluations after years of hearing the same concern over and over. "We're on a 6+ month wait list." I decreased hours at UW-Madison to provide community-based autism and ADHD evaluations through insurance and hopefully, in some small way, shorten the time it takes to get (early) intervention services. I have 10 years of experience conducting and supervising evaluations in the schools, in private practice, & at UW-Madison.
Finding a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation for your child might seem like an uphill battle. I began conducting ADHD, Autism, & Gifted evaluations after years of hearing the same concern over and over. "We're on a 6+ month wait list." I decreased hours at UW-Madison to provide community-based autism and ADHD evaluations through insurance and hopefully, in some small way, shorten the time it takes to get (early) intervention services. I have 10 years of experience conducting and supervising evaluations in the schools, in private practice, & at UW-Madison.
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Photo of Kelsey Siegel, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kelsey Siegel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Monona, WI 53716
Kelsey Siegel (she/her/hers) is a licensed clinical social worker with over 13 years of experience working as an individual and family therapist, specializing in working with children and their families. Kelsey has worked in a variety of environments, including in-home and school based services. Kelsey is dedicated to establishing relationships with folks in ways that feel supportive and safe, while holding space for the healing process to unfold. She is committed to advocating for equity within mental health services both individually and on larger levels, acknowledging that power and privilege impact wellness and accessibility.
Kelsey Siegel (she/her/hers) is a licensed clinical social worker with over 13 years of experience working as an individual and family therapist, specializing in working with children and their families. Kelsey has worked in a variety of environments, including in-home and school based services. Kelsey is dedicated to establishing relationships with folks in ways that feel supportive and safe, while holding space for the healing process to unfold. She is committed to advocating for equity within mental health services both individually and on larger levels, acknowledging that power and privilege impact wellness and accessibility.
(608) 802-8659 View (608) 802-8659
Photo of Jessica Gutierrez, LCSW, CSAC, ICS, SEP-IT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica Gutierrez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAC, ICS, SEP-IT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Hi I'm Jessica! I'm a somatic and IFS-oriented therapist in Madison, WI with over 18 years of experience. My specialties are trauma-complex and developmental, anxiety, panic, chronic pain as well as supporting those who have difficulties with relationships, communication, self-esteem, boundaries and identity. Other focus areas: life transitions, secondary trauma, chronic stress, burnout, parenting and ADHD. I have a special interest in working with young adults, women, BIPOC, immigrants of color, LGBTQIA+ as well as highly sensitive, intuitive and/or creative people.
Hi I'm Jessica! I'm a somatic and IFS-oriented therapist in Madison, WI with over 18 years of experience. My specialties are trauma-complex and developmental, anxiety, panic, chronic pain as well as supporting those who have difficulties with relationships, communication, self-esteem, boundaries and identity. Other focus areas: life transitions, secondary trauma, chronic stress, burnout, parenting and ADHD. I have a special interest in working with young adults, women, BIPOC, immigrants of color, LGBTQIA+ as well as highly sensitive, intuitive and/or creative people.
(608) 938-8567 View (608) 938-8567
Photo of Terri O'Donnell, LPC, SASA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Terri O'Donnell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, SASA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Monona, WI 53716
My goal is for my clients to experience a clearing of the cobwebs from the past that are interfering with life today. I help clients to recognize and change childhood beliefs that may be preventing them from connecting to their true selves. I assist clients in allowing themselves to be in relationships that are loving, supportive, and respectful; empowering themselves to see their value; healing the past; developing an internal calm and peace; finding their natural flow; trusting themselves to make good decisions; and learning how to regulate themselves in healthy ways.
My goal is for my clients to experience a clearing of the cobwebs from the past that are interfering with life today. I help clients to recognize and change childhood beliefs that may be preventing them from connecting to their true selves. I assist clients in allowing themselves to be in relationships that are loving, supportive, and respectful; empowering themselves to see their value; healing the past; developing an internal calm and peace; finding their natural flow; trusting themselves to make good decisions; and learning how to regulate themselves in healthy ways.
(608) 561-4750 View (608) 561-4750
Photo of Kathryn White, PhD, Psychologist
Kathryn White
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Monona, WI 53716
I firmly believe in the possibility and power of personal change. And having a little support or guidance along the way!  Therapy can be as simple as having an hour to talk about you with a good listener.  It can also mean digging deep into family issues, attachment patterns, and current interpersonal relationships.  Perhaps you want to learn strategies for reducing anxiety.  Or discover why that co-worker brings out so much stress and what to do about it… I first like to learn about your goals - what are you hiring me for?  Then we’ll develop a plan to work together toward them.
I firmly believe in the possibility and power of personal change. And having a little support or guidance along the way!  Therapy can be as simple as having an hour to talk about you with a good listener.  It can also mean digging deep into family issues, attachment patterns, and current interpersonal relationships.  Perhaps you want to learn strategies for reducing anxiety.  Or discover why that co-worker brings out so much stress and what to do about it… I first like to learn about your goals - what are you hiring me for?  Then we’ll develop a plan to work together toward them.
(608) 200-2692 View (608) 200-2692
Photo of Avery Kowalke, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Avery Kowalke
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Monona, WI 53713
Are you experiencing overwhelm, anxiety, depression? Are you looking to process past events and find peace? Do you have difficulty setting boundaries or making the changes you want in your life? I am passionate about supporting people through life’s challenges. I offer deep empathy and gently hold space as you navigate your journey of healing and transformation.
Are you experiencing overwhelm, anxiety, depression? Are you looking to process past events and find peace? Do you have difficulty setting boundaries or making the changes you want in your life? I am passionate about supporting people through life’s challenges. I offer deep empathy and gently hold space as you navigate your journey of healing and transformation.
(608) 795-5378 View (608) 795-5378
Photo of Alison Stangler, Pre-Licensed Professional
Alison Stangler
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Monona, WI 53716
Alison (she/her) enjoys working with youth, individuals, couples, and families on concerns with life transitions, anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, and other life events that get thrown our way. She acknowledges that life brings change and can create feelings of discomfort, confusion, and overwhelming emotion, so we will work together to address your mental health needs in a safe, culturally sensitive, and confidential manner.
Alison (she/her) enjoys working with youth, individuals, couples, and families on concerns with life transitions, anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, and other life events that get thrown our way. She acknowledges that life brings change and can create feelings of discomfort, confusion, and overwhelming emotion, so we will work together to address your mental health needs in a safe, culturally sensitive, and confidential manner.
(608) 765-9485 View (608) 765-9485
Photo of Kate Reedy, LPC, Counselor
Kate Reedy
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Monona, WI 53716
Life can sometimes get out of balance or become outright overwhelming - therapy can be a powerful tool for positive change and personal growth. Working together, I can help you to develop healthier ways of coping with stress, to increase mindfulness and inner calm in your daily life, and to build better relationships - with others and with yourself.
Life can sometimes get out of balance or become outright overwhelming - therapy can be a powerful tool for positive change and personal growth. Working together, I can help you to develop healthier ways of coping with stress, to increase mindfulness and inner calm in your daily life, and to build better relationships - with others and with yourself.
(608) 422-4137 View (608) 422-4137
Photo of Kristen L Vesbach, MS, ATR-BC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kristen L Vesbach
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, ATR-BC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Monona, WI 53716
Do you feel overwhelmed by the weight of the world or stuck in a pattern that is not serving you? Have you ever been told that you are too sensitive? If you are hoping to find more meaning in your life and create more of a balance I would love to help you walk through this process. Focusing on strengths, encouraging creativity, and emphasizing the brain/body connection are important factors in finding an authentic balance. "Creativity, which is the expression of our originality, helps us stay mindful that what we bring to the world is completely original and cannot be compared." -Brene Brown
Do you feel overwhelmed by the weight of the world or stuck in a pattern that is not serving you? Have you ever been told that you are too sensitive? If you are hoping to find more meaning in your life and create more of a balance I would love to help you walk through this process. Focusing on strengths, encouraging creativity, and emphasizing the brain/body connection are important factors in finding an authentic balance. "Creativity, which is the expression of our originality, helps us stay mindful that what we bring to the world is completely original and cannot be compared." -Brene Brown
(608) 420-5086 View (608) 420-5086
Photo of Jessica Badour, LPC-IT, YTT 200, Counselor
Jessica Badour
Counselor, LPC-IT, YTT 200
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Monona, WI 53713
My focus is on clients who are experiencing anxiety, depression, grief, substance use, and life challenges. Life challenges can include transitions, relationship struggles, career/education direction, finding work/life balance, as well as change and loss.
My focus is on clients who are experiencing anxiety, depression, grief, substance use, and life challenges. Life challenges can include transitions, relationship struggles, career/education direction, finding work/life balance, as well as change and loss.
(608) 471-6881 View (608) 471-6881
Photo of Michelle Murray - Forward Counseling and Consultation , LCSW, SUD, ICS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Forward Counseling and Consultation
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SUD, ICS
Verified Verified
Monona, WI 53713
I am the owner of Forward Counseling & Consultation and a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a Substance Abuse Specialty and an Independent Clinical Supervisor with over 23 years of experience. I have an unique background working with interpersonal violence, mental health, trauma and substance use, which allows me to nurture a safe and trusting environment while empowering individuals to realize their full potential and reach their personal goals. I believe in treating the “whole person” which includes addressing their spiritual, physical, and social needs.
I am the owner of Forward Counseling & Consultation and a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a Substance Abuse Specialty and an Independent Clinical Supervisor with over 23 years of experience. I have an unique background working with interpersonal violence, mental health, trauma and substance use, which allows me to nurture a safe and trusting environment while empowering individuals to realize their full potential and reach their personal goals. I believe in treating the “whole person” which includes addressing their spiritual, physical, and social needs.
(608) 420-2707 View (608) 420-2707
Photo of Jordonna M Hall, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jordonna M Hall
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am a generalist clinician who's passionate about working with individuals facing a wide variety of challenges. Life is complex and dynamic, as are the difficulties we face. I'm proud of the experience I can provide due to the complexities I've seen and successfully helped my clients navigate.
I am a generalist clinician who's passionate about working with individuals facing a wide variety of challenges. Life is complex and dynamic, as are the difficulties we face. I'm proud of the experience I can provide due to the complexities I've seen and successfully helped my clients navigate.
(608) 571-2035 x3 View (608) 571-2035 x3
Photo of Jennifer Bosch, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Bosch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Are you a mother feeling burdened and exhausted from trying to manage it all and feel yourself slowly withering away? Or are you a mother finding it increasingly difficult to stay calm when other family members are not calm? I am here to help you identify what is going on and will teach you tools to work through whatever it is you are facing. You will begin to move forward in your life from a place of freedom, joy, purpose and connection. You will walk away from your work with me having achieved your goals and will find much more strength in navigating the challenges in life with ease, balance and centered in you.
Are you a mother feeling burdened and exhausted from trying to manage it all and feel yourself slowly withering away? Or are you a mother finding it increasingly difficult to stay calm when other family members are not calm? I am here to help you identify what is going on and will teach you tools to work through whatever it is you are facing. You will begin to move forward in your life from a place of freedom, joy, purpose and connection. You will walk away from your work with me having achieved your goals and will find much more strength in navigating the challenges in life with ease, balance and centered in you.
(608) 650-5454 View (608) 650-5454
Photo of Angela Waldoch, LPC, ATR, Licensed Professional Counselor
Angela Waldoch
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR
Verified Verified
Monona, WI 53713
Not accepting new clients
Hey, I'm Angela! Please reach out via email. I'm a Registered Art Therapist and Licensed Professional Counselor. As part of the queer community, I understand the unique circumstances that can often come along with this lived experience, and I enjoy working with fellow LGBTQIA+ individuals and diverse folks from all walks of life. I specialize in anxiety, depression, mood disorders, CPTSD, SH/SI, life changes & transitions, identity exploration, grief and loss, and those coping with chronic illnesses. I'm sex positive, gender affirming, and find value in examining structures and systems at play that impact our mental health as well.
Hey, I'm Angela! Please reach out via email. I'm a Registered Art Therapist and Licensed Professional Counselor. As part of the queer community, I understand the unique circumstances that can often come along with this lived experience, and I enjoy working with fellow LGBTQIA+ individuals and diverse folks from all walks of life. I specialize in anxiety, depression, mood disorders, CPTSD, SH/SI, life changes & transitions, identity exploration, grief and loss, and those coping with chronic illnesses. I'm sex positive, gender affirming, and find value in examining structures and systems at play that impact our mental health as well.
(608) 200-2263 View (608) 200-2263
Photo of Christine Moore, LPC, CSW, Licensed Professional Counselor
Christine Moore
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSW
Verified Verified
Monona, WI 53713
Are you always a little bit afraid that an anxiety attack is waiting around the corner. Have you been hit with surprise anxiety more times than you can count? I know exactly what you're feeling: the pounding chest, the shortness of breath, the feeling that the walls are closing in and you need out NOW. Attacks can be terrifying and I don't want you to suffer from them anymore. Holistic practices can reduce anxiety tremendously and I look forward to teaching you tools to take your life back.
Are you always a little bit afraid that an anxiety attack is waiting around the corner. Have you been hit with surprise anxiety more times than you can count? I know exactly what you're feeling: the pounding chest, the shortness of breath, the feeling that the walls are closing in and you need out NOW. Attacks can be terrifying and I don't want you to suffer from them anymore. Holistic practices can reduce anxiety tremendously and I look forward to teaching you tools to take your life back.
(608) 655-6031 View (608) 655-6031
Photo of Mike Hebl, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Mike Hebl
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
Life can be messy and often times we find the tools we possess are not up for the challenge. This is normal, although distressing nonetheless. It's my objective to create a welcoming space that fosters trust and respect. I have worked with individuals, families, and couples for over twenty years in a variety of settings. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with an addiction specialty, although I consider myself a generalist. I enjoy connecting with others, validating their experience, while also building skills and courage toward change.
Life can be messy and often times we find the tools we possess are not up for the challenge. This is normal, although distressing nonetheless. It's my objective to create a welcoming space that fosters trust and respect. I have worked with individuals, families, and couples for over twenty years in a variety of settings. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with an addiction specialty, although I consider myself a generalist. I enjoy connecting with others, validating their experience, while also building skills and courage toward change.
(608) 650-5090 View (608) 650-5090
Photo of Kassy Sweet, LCPC, Counselor
Kassy Sweet
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I currently offer individual therapy to clients in both Maine and Wisconsin. Many clients I work with carry day to day stress and anxiety that is rooted in trauma. We tend to think of trauma as one big moment, but it can also be a culmination of moments leading to a negative narrative of the self and a shift in the way we see and interact in the world. My goal is to teach new skills that will help promote control over ones thoughts, feelings and behaviors that can improve health and happiness across multiple settings- emotionally, psychosomatically, in families or relationships and other areas of life.
I currently offer individual therapy to clients in both Maine and Wisconsin. Many clients I work with carry day to day stress and anxiety that is rooted in trauma. We tend to think of trauma as one big moment, but it can also be a culmination of moments leading to a negative narrative of the self and a shift in the way we see and interact in the world. My goal is to teach new skills that will help promote control over ones thoughts, feelings and behaviors that can improve health and happiness across multiple settings- emotionally, psychosomatically, in families or relationships and other areas of life.
(608) 650-6304 View (608) 650-6304
Photo of Lynn Flannery, MS, LPC-SA, DMCP, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lynn Flannery
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-SA, DMCP, CCTP
Verified Verified
Monona, WI 53713
Finding a therapist can be hard. Finding a therapist you feel that ‘click’ with can be even harder. There’s a lot to consider when it comes to finding someone you trust enough to help you take that initial leap of faith. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and have almost 20 years of experience in this profession. My focus is adults 18+ with depression, anxiety disorders and mood disorders. I also have specialties in trauma and transgender healthcare. I am experienced in assessing readiness for gender affirming surgeries (using the most recent WPATH criteria) and writing letters of readiness for those meeting criteria.
Finding a therapist can be hard. Finding a therapist you feel that ‘click’ with can be even harder. There’s a lot to consider when it comes to finding someone you trust enough to help you take that initial leap of faith. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and have almost 20 years of experience in this profession. My focus is adults 18+ with depression, anxiety disorders and mood disorders. I also have specialties in trauma and transgender healthcare. I am experienced in assessing readiness for gender affirming surgeries (using the most recent WPATH criteria) and writing letters of readiness for those meeting criteria.
(608) 420-3322 View (608) 420-3322
Photo of Kathryn Kuehn, APSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kathryn Kuehn
Pre-Licensed Professional, APSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Monona, WI 53716
Feeling misunderstood, unhappy, or anxious can be incredibly stressful. It can also impact your quality of life. I can support you in improving your relationships and achieving important life goals while remaining true to who you are. I specialize in providing affirming therapy for diverse groups of adolescents (14+) through college students & adults, including individuals w/ ADHD, chronic anxiety, OCD, autism, social anxiety, depression, trauma, and chronic health concerns and disabilities. Together, we can help you to adjust to stress or a diagnosis, heal from being misunderstood, reframe your strengths, and plan for your future.
Feeling misunderstood, unhappy, or anxious can be incredibly stressful. It can also impact your quality of life. I can support you in improving your relationships and achieving important life goals while remaining true to who you are. I specialize in providing affirming therapy for diverse groups of adolescents (14+) through college students & adults, including individuals w/ ADHD, chronic anxiety, OCD, autism, social anxiety, depression, trauma, and chronic health concerns and disabilities. Together, we can help you to adjust to stress or a diagnosis, heal from being misunderstood, reframe your strengths, and plan for your future.
(608) 765-8521 View (608) 765-8521
1

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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Monona, WI

60+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Monona, WI who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
80% Relationship Issues
80% Depression
80% Trauma and PTSD
77% Self Esteem
73% Stress
69% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

67% Quartz
48% The Alliance
48% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Monona, WI see their clients

88% In Person and Online
12% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
10% Male
5% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Monona?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.