Therapists in Madison, WI

View neighborhoods in Madison
Photo of Emily Mertens, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Emily Mertens
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
One Daytime opening- telehealth. I am open to understanding your situation wherever you are on life’s journey. I support individuals and businesses in finding the health that they are looking for in their lives. I work with individuals through many of life’s struggles, especially issues around low self-esteem, anxiety, phobias (through EFT) and depression. My specialized training in Pragmatic Experiential therapy allows me to work with individuals on improving their relationships. I have a special interest in helping people determine if they are able to get their relationship to the level of health that they need.
One Daytime opening- telehealth. I am open to understanding your situation wherever you are on life’s journey. I support individuals and businesses in finding the health that they are looking for in their lives. I work with individuals through many of life’s struggles, especially issues around low self-esteem, anxiety, phobias (through EFT) and depression. My specialized training in Pragmatic Experiential therapy allows me to work with individuals on improving their relationships. I have a special interest in helping people determine if they are able to get their relationship to the level of health that they need.
(608) 557-5318 View (608) 557-5318
Photo of Noelle Bruce, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, APSW
Noelle Bruce
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, APSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53713
I love helping folks uncover their “hidden” strengths, which are never hard to find! It is my honor to work with someone to reframe their thoughts to find the silver linings in any cloud. Regardless of where a person is on their healing journey, we partner together towards new growth. It delights to take this approach with adults, teens, and infants–yes, even babies have strengths! I am a values-driven therapist: I celebrate all of a person’s identities, advocate for them when they desire that support, and respect the client’s wisdom as the authority of their own life.
I love helping folks uncover their “hidden” strengths, which are never hard to find! It is my honor to work with someone to reframe their thoughts to find the silver linings in any cloud. Regardless of where a person is on their healing journey, we partner together towards new growth. It delights to take this approach with adults, teens, and infants–yes, even babies have strengths! I am a values-driven therapist: I celebrate all of a person’s identities, advocate for them when they desire that support, and respect the client’s wisdom as the authority of their own life.
(608) 817-5921 View (608) 817-5921
Photo of Amy K. Collins - Amy Collins Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Amy Collins Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I offer individual and relationship therapy on a wide array of topics. You are the expert in your life, and my goal is to create an accepting, non-judgmental environment, which offers you the opportunity to explore patterns and behaviors that no longer benefit you. My passion is helping people recognize that they are their own greatest resource.
I offer individual and relationship therapy on a wide array of topics. You are the expert in your life, and my goal is to create an accepting, non-judgmental environment, which offers you the opportunity to explore patterns and behaviors that no longer benefit you. My passion is helping people recognize that they are their own greatest resource.
(608) 383-5403 View (608) 383-5403
Photo of Renee Saltzman, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, RDT
Renee Saltzman
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, RDT
Verified Verified
Online Only
Is your substance use is getting out of hand? Do you feel like you can’t control your anxiety, worry, or fears? Or, are you tired of just existing and feeling like there’s no hope? Maybe you have experienced a traumatic event, are struggling to adjust to a life change, or have been using substances to cope. What if I told you there was hope, and there is another way to live? I have the tools to help you engage with your life, and the people in your life, in a more meaningful, authentic, and peace-filled manner.
Is your substance use is getting out of hand? Do you feel like you can’t control your anxiety, worry, or fears? Or, are you tired of just existing and feeling like there’s no hope? Maybe you have experienced a traumatic event, are struggling to adjust to a life change, or have been using substances to cope. What if I told you there was hope, and there is another way to live? I have the tools to help you engage with your life, and the people in your life, in a more meaningful, authentic, and peace-filled manner.
(608) 573-8096 View (608) 573-8096
Photo of Kal Wogahn, Counselor, MA, LPC
Kal Wogahn
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you feel overwhelmed by emotions or physical symptoms, such as hopelessness, pain, or panic? Does the thought of being present with your body feel uncomfortable or even scary? In my work, I help folks of all backgrounds find a sense of safety in their body after experiences of trauma, chronic pain, and body-based oppression (transphobia, anti-fat bias, ableism, racism, etc.). We’ll work together to understand and befriend your nervous system and build upon experiences of safety and connection to promote healing and emotional well-being.
Do you feel overwhelmed by emotions or physical symptoms, such as hopelessness, pain, or panic? Does the thought of being present with your body feel uncomfortable or even scary? In my work, I help folks of all backgrounds find a sense of safety in their body after experiences of trauma, chronic pain, and body-based oppression (transphobia, anti-fat bias, ableism, racism, etc.). We’ll work together to understand and befriend your nervous system and build upon experiences of safety and connection to promote healing and emotional well-being.
(608) 655-6778 View (608) 655-6778
Photo of Sarah A Watt, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Sarah A Watt
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53719
Are you dealing with concerns about family building, infertility, postpartum depression or anxiety? Are you struggling with a difficult life transition, communicating with your partner, or issues with work-life balance? Do you feel you need extra support and reassurance? Therapy can provide an outside perspective and teach skills necessary to help you create the kind of life you are looking for. Change is possible and sustainable. I have over 20 years experience with helping individuals and couples in a number of areas.
Are you dealing with concerns about family building, infertility, postpartum depression or anxiety? Are you struggling with a difficult life transition, communicating with your partner, or issues with work-life balance? Do you feel you need extra support and reassurance? Therapy can provide an outside perspective and teach skills necessary to help you create the kind of life you are looking for. Change is possible and sustainable. I have over 20 years experience with helping individuals and couples in a number of areas.
(608) 709-0190 View (608) 709-0190
Photo of Angeline Elmer, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Angeline Elmer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53705
One of the most difficult aspects of reaching out for help is finding a safe place to express yourself. My focus is on creating a collaborative relationship in an environment that encourages trust and is free of judgment. My goal is to help guide you as you work to find your way through life's challenges while identifying and holding true to who you are.
One of the most difficult aspects of reaching out for help is finding a safe place to express yourself. My focus is on creating a collaborative relationship in an environment that encourages trust and is free of judgment. My goal is to help guide you as you work to find your way through life's challenges while identifying and holding true to who you are.
View
Photo of Annmarie Ritacca - Pauquette Center for Psychological Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MASW, LISW
Pauquette Center for Psychological Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MASW, LISW
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53704
I am a licensed independent social worker with over 10 years experience working with children, adolescents and adults. I also have over 5 years experience as a practitioner in complementary health care with a focus on chronic pain, women’s health and mental health concerns. Before coming to Pauquette Center, I was a school social worker. I have a holistic approach to therapy that is compassionate, inclusive and non- judgmental.
I am a licensed independent social worker with over 10 years experience working with children, adolescents and adults. I also have over 5 years experience as a practitioner in complementary health care with a focus on chronic pain, women’s health and mental health concerns. Before coming to Pauquette Center, I was a school social worker. I have a holistic approach to therapy that is compassionate, inclusive and non- judgmental.
(608) 459-1442 View (608) 459-1442
Photo of Teresa Bay, Licensed Professional Counselor
Teresa Bay
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53713
Teresa Bay is a licensed professional counselor in the State of Wisconsin who works with adults, adolescents, couples and families facing a wide range of life challenges. Teresa uses a solution focused, down to earth and compassionate approach to assisting clients with complex life problems and coping with mental health difficulties. Teresa also draws from a wide array of personal life experiences and this strongly enhances an informs her abilities to connect with clients and meet them where they are at in working towards the goals of emotional healing and personal growth.
Teresa Bay is a licensed professional counselor in the State of Wisconsin who works with adults, adolescents, couples and families facing a wide range of life challenges. Teresa uses a solution focused, down to earth and compassionate approach to assisting clients with complex life problems and coping with mental health difficulties. Teresa also draws from a wide array of personal life experiences and this strongly enhances an informs her abilities to connect with clients and meet them where they are at in working towards the goals of emotional healing and personal growth.
(608) 583-9735 View (608) 583-9735
Photo of Rachel Francisco, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, CRC, LPC
Rachel Francisco
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, CRC, LPC
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53703
Rachel Francisco is an LPC and CRC who has three years of working within Madison’s mental health population, both within community mental health and with vocational support. Rachel has worked alongside clients with serious and persistent mental illnesses navigate barriers of the various societal systems via supportive counseling, case management, and advocacy.
Rachel Francisco is an LPC and CRC who has three years of working within Madison’s mental health population, both within community mental health and with vocational support. Rachel has worked alongside clients with serious and persistent mental illnesses navigate barriers of the various societal systems via supportive counseling, case management, and advocacy.
(608) 496-8996 View (608) 496-8996
Photo of Julia Cosgrove, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Julia Cosgrove
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53704
If you feel like things could be better, you're probably right. Maybe you're struggling in your relationship — you keep having the same fight, and feel unheard and stuck. (Or you're not fighting, because you're more like roommates than romantic partners.) Or maybe you've always held it together pretty well, but you're finally realizing how anxiety, trauma, or that unkind inner critic has been subtly (and not so subtly) affecting you, keeping you from getting the most out of life. Whether it's been weeks, months, or years, you know don't want want to feel this way forever.
If you feel like things could be better, you're probably right. Maybe you're struggling in your relationship — you keep having the same fight, and feel unheard and stuck. (Or you're not fighting, because you're more like roommates than romantic partners.) Or maybe you've always held it together pretty well, but you're finally realizing how anxiety, trauma, or that unkind inner critic has been subtly (and not so subtly) affecting you, keeping you from getting the most out of life. Whether it's been weeks, months, or years, you know don't want want to feel this way forever.
(608) 305-8215 View (608) 305-8215
Photo of Amy Albert, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CSAC
Amy Albert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CSAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53713
Waitlist for new clients
Are you experiencing stress, burnout, or caregiver fatigue? Maybe you’re examining your career for the first time after a series of stressful incidents or feeling the need for extra support in your ongoing sobriety journey. You may be ready to face your anger or begin to tackle the consuming stress of your day-to-day life. Whatever has brought you here, you know it’s time to get off the rollercoaster of emotions and respond in ways that feel true to who you want to be. You know something has to change, and you’re willing to do what it takes to get there.
Are you experiencing stress, burnout, or caregiver fatigue? Maybe you’re examining your career for the first time after a series of stressful incidents or feeling the need for extra support in your ongoing sobriety journey. You may be ready to face your anger or begin to tackle the consuming stress of your day-to-day life. Whatever has brought you here, you know it’s time to get off the rollercoaster of emotions and respond in ways that feel true to who you want to be. You know something has to change, and you’re willing to do what it takes to get there.
(608) 447-5489 View (608) 447-5489
Photo of Beth Canfield, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NBCC, LPC
Beth Canfield
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NBCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53703
Welcome! I am glad you are here and looking for the best therapist for you. I understand how defeating it can feel to be stuck in negative thought patterns and how detrimental they can be to all aspects of your life. I help my clients navigate issues such as: anxiety, burnout, stress, trauma, depression, life transitions, relationship issues, low self-esteem, and academic & career pressures (to name a few!) My goal is to empower my clients with the tools and insights needed to navigate whatever is getting in their way, help them feel "unstuck" and be more present in all aspects of their life.
Welcome! I am glad you are here and looking for the best therapist for you. I understand how defeating it can feel to be stuck in negative thought patterns and how detrimental they can be to all aspects of your life. I help my clients navigate issues such as: anxiety, burnout, stress, trauma, depression, life transitions, relationship issues, low self-esteem, and academic & career pressures (to name a few!) My goal is to empower my clients with the tools and insights needed to navigate whatever is getting in their way, help them feel "unstuck" and be more present in all aspects of their life.
(608) 493-1987 View (608) 493-1987
Edelweiss Behavioral Health LLC
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53717
Our goal at Edelweiss Behavioral Health is to provide specialized treatment to individuals struggling with Eating Disorders and Obsessive Compulsive Disorders. We provide group therapy and individual therapy. We are now also offering medication management! Our experienced staff works collaboratively with each client to provide patient centered, individualized support to encourage recovery goals. Please note, we do see individuals with any mental health struggles, however we only do Intensive Outpatient Treatment (group therapy) for those struggling with Eating Disorders and Obsessive Compulsive Disorders.
Our goal at Edelweiss Behavioral Health is to provide specialized treatment to individuals struggling with Eating Disorders and Obsessive Compulsive Disorders. We provide group therapy and individual therapy. We are now also offering medication management! Our experienced staff works collaboratively with each client to provide patient centered, individualized support to encourage recovery goals. Please note, we do see individuals with any mental health struggles, however we only do Intensive Outpatient Treatment (group therapy) for those struggling with Eating Disorders and Obsessive Compulsive Disorders.
(608) 360-9805 View (608) 360-9805
Photo of Libby Lee, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Libby Lee
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
I'm Libby, a licensed Psychotherapist in Wisconsin and Texas, committed to guiding individuals on their path to mental wellness. I offer compassionate, evidence-based care with a focus on anxiety, depression, and family trauma. As a Black female therapist, I understand the stigma surrounding mental health in Black and Brown communities, shaped by cultural representation and the fear of sharing personal stories. The biggest challenge is SILENCE! Many people suffer in isolation, continuing unhealthy generational patterns. My mission is to break these cycles by fostering a supportive environment for healing.
I'm Libby, a licensed Psychotherapist in Wisconsin and Texas, committed to guiding individuals on their path to mental wellness. I offer compassionate, evidence-based care with a focus on anxiety, depression, and family trauma. As a Black female therapist, I understand the stigma surrounding mental health in Black and Brown communities, shaped by cultural representation and the fear of sharing personal stories. The biggest challenge is SILENCE! Many people suffer in isolation, continuing unhealthy generational patterns. My mission is to break these cycles by fostering a supportive environment for healing.
(608) 200-2159 View (608) 200-2159
Photo of Suzannah Oakes - Pauquette Center for Psychological Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, APSW
Pauquette Center for Psychological Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, APSW
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53704
Suzannah is a graduate of the University of Wisconsin-Madison where she obtained her Master of Social Work. After obtaining her undergraduate degree in psychology, Suzannah provided respite care for children with disabilities and realized she loved the work, helping them with daily activities, emotional regulation, positive social interactions, and preparing them for school settings. During this time, she decided to pursue a career in the mental health field. Her sessions take a person-centered approach while utilizing a strength-based mindset which helps individuals in attaining their goals.
Suzannah is a graduate of the University of Wisconsin-Madison where she obtained her Master of Social Work. After obtaining her undergraduate degree in psychology, Suzannah provided respite care for children with disabilities and realized she loved the work, helping them with daily activities, emotional regulation, positive social interactions, and preparing them for school settings. During this time, she decided to pursue a career in the mental health field. Her sessions take a person-centered approach while utilizing a strength-based mindset which helps individuals in attaining their goals.
(608) 299-6527 View (608) 299-6527
Mary Jeanne Murl
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMFT, MSW, MPH
Verified Verified
Online Only
Welcome! Thank you for reaching out. My fervent wish is that I can help you find joy and peace no matter what you are coping with. Stop waiting to live a life that includes joy and peace! My experience includes medical and behavioral health social work and psychotherapy with adults, teens, veterans, seniors and groups. I am licensed in WI, IL, IN, MN, MI as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. There is always hope in working toward positive change in your life. You are always worth it.
Welcome! Thank you for reaching out. My fervent wish is that I can help you find joy and peace no matter what you are coping with. Stop waiting to live a life that includes joy and peace! My experience includes medical and behavioral health social work and psychotherapy with adults, teens, veterans, seniors and groups. I am licensed in WI, IL, IN, MN, MI as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. There is always hope in working toward positive change in your life. You are always worth it.
(608) 605-6063 View (608) 605-6063
Photo of Nora Burnham, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Nora Burnham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53711
Are you overwhelmed and burned out? Do you feel disconnected from yourself, others, and the world? Are you trying to manage uncertainty, emotional discomfort, and distressing events all on your own? I work with adolescents and adults that are seeking support while they navigate difficult life transitions, healing from trauma, identity and gender exploration, anxiety, depression, and family conflict among other challenges. we can work together to identify patterns in your life that no longer serve you, build on your positive values, discover your existing skills, and learn new techniques to work through life’s challenges.
Are you overwhelmed and burned out? Do you feel disconnected from yourself, others, and the world? Are you trying to manage uncertainty, emotional discomfort, and distressing events all on your own? I work with adolescents and adults that are seeking support while they navigate difficult life transitions, healing from trauma, identity and gender exploration, anxiety, depression, and family conflict among other challenges. we can work together to identify patterns in your life that no longer serve you, build on your positive values, discover your existing skills, and learn new techniques to work through life’s challenges.
(608) 889-2921 View (608) 889-2921
Photo of Lauren M Gordon, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, LPC-IT
Lauren M Gordon
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, LPC-IT
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53713
Do you feel frozen in life, unable to move forward or make decisions? Life is moving fast, and you’re finding it difficult to keep up. Maybe you are juggling relationships, school, or work and feel like a ball is going to drop at any moment. You might be a parent who is having trouble understanding your child’s behavior and connecting with them despite your best efforts to help. Whether you have been thinking about therapy for a while or are just now considering it, I want you to know you’ve found a safe space where you can feel comfortable sharing your story and receiving the support you need.
Do you feel frozen in life, unable to move forward or make decisions? Life is moving fast, and you’re finding it difficult to keep up. Maybe you are juggling relationships, school, or work and feel like a ball is going to drop at any moment. You might be a parent who is having trouble understanding your child’s behavior and connecting with them despite your best efforts to help. Whether you have been thinking about therapy for a while or are just now considering it, I want you to know you’ve found a safe space where you can feel comfortable sharing your story and receiving the support you need.
(608) 420-3559 View (608) 420-3559
Photo of Dr. Heather Abercrombie, Psychologist, PhD, PSYPACT, RYT-200
Dr. Heather Abercrombie
Psychologist, PhD, PSYPACT, RYT-200
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53711
Psychotherapy practice opened by a retired UW-Madison psychologist. Are you looking to enhance resilience and joy while reducing suffering related to adversities and mental health concerns? I provide integrative mental health services grounded in 20+ years of experience leading neuroscientific research and providing psychotherapy for mood, anxiety, and trauma-related concerns. I provide in-person psychotherapy in Madison WI. I also provide online telehealth services for residents of WI and all PsyPact participating states, which can be found with an internet search for "PsyPact map."
Psychotherapy practice opened by a retired UW-Madison psychologist. Are you looking to enhance resilience and joy while reducing suffering related to adversities and mental health concerns? I provide integrative mental health services grounded in 20+ years of experience leading neuroscientific research and providing psychotherapy for mood, anxiety, and trauma-related concerns. I provide in-person psychotherapy in Madison WI. I also provide online telehealth services for residents of WI and all PsyPact participating states, which can be found with an internet search for "PsyPact map."
(608) 602-7025 View (608) 602-7025
1
...

See more therapy options for Madison

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Madison, WI

1,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Madison, WI who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
85% Depression
69% Self Esteem
68% Relationship Issues
65% Coping Skills
64% Stress
63% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

66% BlueCross and BlueShield
64% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
62% Aetna

How Therapists in Madison, WI see their clients

52% In Person and Online
48% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
17% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Madison?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.