Therapists in Madison, WI

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Photo of Maggie Dollahan, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Maggie Dollahan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Madison, WI 53704
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! My name is Maggie Dollahan and I am a psychotherapist at Manifest Wellness. With a passion for helping individuals better understand themselves and drawing from a systemic perspective, I try to shed light on how societal limitations such as White Supremacy, the Patriarchy, Fatphobia, Homophobia, Transphobia, and Ableism contribute to mental health challenges. By recognizing the impact of these factors, I assist clients in healing the wounded parts of themselves affected by related trauma.
Hello! My name is Maggie Dollahan and I am a psychotherapist at Manifest Wellness. With a passion for helping individuals better understand themselves and drawing from a systemic perspective, I try to shed light on how societal limitations such as White Supremacy, the Patriarchy, Fatphobia, Homophobia, Transphobia, and Ableism contribute to mental health challenges. By recognizing the impact of these factors, I assist clients in healing the wounded parts of themselves affected by related trauma.
(608) 523-8559 View (608) 523-8559
Photo of Gabi Koren, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SAC
Gabi Koren
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SAC
Online Only
I am a mental health therapist that specializes in dual diagnosis therapy focusing on addiction and concerns with substance use and/ or gambling. I enjoy working with clients individually, as couples, and through group therapy. I believe my job as a therapist is to find a way for my clients to feel safe to tell their story and to explore their potential. My goal in working with individuals is to increase their capacity for self-reflection and amplify self-understanding. By focusing on holistic approaches, clients can gain insight into existing strengths and mobilize their capacity to implement positive changes in their life.
I am a mental health therapist that specializes in dual diagnosis therapy focusing on addiction and concerns with substance use and/ or gambling. I enjoy working with clients individually, as couples, and through group therapy. I believe my job as a therapist is to find a way for my clients to feel safe to tell their story and to explore their potential. My goal in working with individuals is to increase their capacity for self-reflection and amplify self-understanding. By focusing on holistic approaches, clients can gain insight into existing strengths and mobilize their capacity to implement positive changes in their life.
(608) 661-2829 View (608) 661-2829
Photo of Jennifer Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, LCSW
Jennifer Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53705
Not accepting new clients
Coming to therapy can be a difficult choice. You’re struggling to manage everything life’s thrown at you, and you need some help. We all go through hard times, some worse than others, and the lingering effects of past experiences can make us feel stuck. When we experience trauma, not only are we often left with feelings of anxiety and depression, but it can also change the way our brains perceive the world around us. Let’s work together to find ways to break through those barriers, so you can let go of the things that have been holding you back and make the most out of life.
Coming to therapy can be a difficult choice. You’re struggling to manage everything life’s thrown at you, and you need some help. We all go through hard times, some worse than others, and the lingering effects of past experiences can make us feel stuck. When we experience trauma, not only are we often left with feelings of anxiety and depression, but it can also change the way our brains perceive the world around us. Let’s work together to find ways to break through those barriers, so you can let go of the things that have been holding you back and make the most out of life.
(608) 909-8003 View (608) 909-8003
Photo of Sarah Kohlstedt, Psychologist, PhD, LLC
Sarah Kohlstedt
Psychologist, PhD, LLC
Madison, WI 53705
Not accepting new clients
I believe that when we understand the layers and unfolding of our own complex stories, we can find compassion, empathy, and inner peace more easily. In my practice, I aim to create a safe, trusting space for every client, where we can work towards identifying and facing your concerns; discovering and cultivating your strengths; and ultimately, developing deeper empathy for yourself and others. Our work together could be brief, and focus on a few distinct concerns; alternatively, it could be longer-term, and focus on uncovering and processing the underlying causes of several issues. I will listen and use guiding prompts to make space
I believe that when we understand the layers and unfolding of our own complex stories, we can find compassion, empathy, and inner peace more easily. In my practice, I aim to create a safe, trusting space for every client, where we can work towards identifying and facing your concerns; discovering and cultivating your strengths; and ultimately, developing deeper empathy for yourself and others. Our work together could be brief, and focus on a few distinct concerns; alternatively, it could be longer-term, and focus on uncovering and processing the underlying causes of several issues. I will listen and use guiding prompts to make space
(608) 588-8160 View (608) 588-8160
Photo of Emma Brickey, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Emma Brickey
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53705
You’ve spent so much energy trying to make a world that seems like it wasn’t built for your brain or body work for you. If you live with Autism, ADHD, chronic illness or pain, trauma, anxiety, or depression, you may feel drained by burnout, self-doubt, or the pressure to mask and “keep up.” Therapy should be a space where you can be yourself without fear of judgment, be understood, gain further insight, and take a breath. I offer neurodivergent-affirming support using mindfulness and acceptance-based strategies to ease overwhelm, heal from past harm, and help you build balance, confidence, and connections that truly fit who you are.
You’ve spent so much energy trying to make a world that seems like it wasn’t built for your brain or body work for you. If you live with Autism, ADHD, chronic illness or pain, trauma, anxiety, or depression, you may feel drained by burnout, self-doubt, or the pressure to mask and “keep up.” Therapy should be a space where you can be yourself without fear of judgment, be understood, gain further insight, and take a breath. I offer neurodivergent-affirming support using mindfulness and acceptance-based strategies to ease overwhelm, heal from past harm, and help you build balance, confidence, and connections that truly fit who you are.
(608) 737-3794 View (608) 737-3794
Photo of Myra R Mcnair - Anesis Center for Marriage and Family Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Anesis Center for Marriage and Family Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Madison, WI 53711
We love to collaborate with clients to help them draw from their own expertise, build on their own positive values, discover their own skills, and use these new tools to work through conflicts and hardships. We are systems therapist. What that means is: we like to approach problems that people have within the context of social, political and cultural storylines that influence the way we view ourselves and our own personal stories. We use this same approach in family therapy to seek ways to change the way the family system works rather than trying to "fix" a specific family member.
We love to collaborate with clients to help them draw from their own expertise, build on their own positive values, discover their own skills, and use these new tools to work through conflicts and hardships. We are systems therapist. What that means is: we like to approach problems that people have within the context of social, political and cultural storylines that influence the way we view ourselves and our own personal stories. We use this same approach in family therapy to seek ways to change the way the family system works rather than trying to "fix" a specific family member.
(608) 802-7669 View (608) 802-7669
Photo of Amy K. Collins - Amy Collins Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Amy Collins Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
I offer individual and relationship therapy on a wide array of topics. You are the expert in your life, and my goal is to create an accepting, non-judgmental environment, which offers you the opportunity to explore patterns and behaviors that no longer benefit you. My passion is helping people recognize that they are their own greatest resource.
I offer individual and relationship therapy on a wide array of topics. You are the expert in your life, and my goal is to create an accepting, non-judgmental environment, which offers you the opportunity to explore patterns and behaviors that no longer benefit you. My passion is helping people recognize that they are their own greatest resource.
(608) 383-5403 View (608) 383-5403
Photo of Jason Levine, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Jason Levine
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Madison, WI 53711
Jason's presence is reassuring, as his competence is immediately apparent. He pays close attention, and his keen analytical eye will discern patterns, irrational thinking habits, and unintentionally self-defeating behaviors that one may have engaged in for years. With extensive experience providing direct support to individuals with disabilities and their caretakers, Jason is happy to have broadened his practice area to include a fuller range of concerns. Jason enjoys helping individuals who are struggling with issues around life direction and finding meaning.
Jason's presence is reassuring, as his competence is immediately apparent. He pays close attention, and his keen analytical eye will discern patterns, irrational thinking habits, and unintentionally self-defeating behaviors that one may have engaged in for years. With extensive experience providing direct support to individuals with disabilities and their caretakers, Jason is happy to have broadened his practice area to include a fuller range of concerns. Jason enjoys helping individuals who are struggling with issues around life direction and finding meaning.
(608) 580-5478 View (608) 580-5478
Photo of Nori Johnson, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Nori Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Madison, WI 53711
I help people who are looking for healing that goes beyond short term support or symptom relief to a deeper understanding of the whole person. I don't just help people change behaviors and their lives, but I help them figure out why these symptoms appeared in the first place by uncovering the unconscious reasoning behind patient's thoughts and actions rooted in their unconscious minds and help them change those thoughts/behaviors so they can change their lives and walk in their genuine identity. I help people be who they really are by caring for and cultivating healing in their spirits and minds.
I help people who are looking for healing that goes beyond short term support or symptom relief to a deeper understanding of the whole person. I don't just help people change behaviors and their lives, but I help them figure out why these symptoms appeared in the first place by uncovering the unconscious reasoning behind patient's thoughts and actions rooted in their unconscious minds and help them change those thoughts/behaviors so they can change their lives and walk in their genuine identity. I help people be who they really are by caring for and cultivating healing in their spirits and minds.
(608) 925-2338 View (608) 925-2338
Photo of Sarah Rosencrans Robinson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, C-DBT, 200YTT
Sarah Rosencrans Robinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, C-DBT, 200YTT
Madison, WI 53705
Positive change is possible when a person is provided the tailored support needed to draw upon their own strengths and insight. There is value in knowing and treating the whole person and I focus on the diverse set of characteristics and circumstances that can both create life challenges and be better understood to overcome personal obstacles. Skill building to clarify and address mental health needs, DBT and CBT skill application, increasing confidence and self-esteem, and creating targeted SMART goals are primary elements of my practice. As a certified yoga instructor, I incorporate breathwork and yoga as appropriate.
Positive change is possible when a person is provided the tailored support needed to draw upon their own strengths and insight. There is value in knowing and treating the whole person and I focus on the diverse set of characteristics and circumstances that can both create life challenges and be better understood to overcome personal obstacles. Skill building to clarify and address mental health needs, DBT and CBT skill application, increasing confidence and self-esteem, and creating targeted SMART goals are primary elements of my practice. As a certified yoga instructor, I incorporate breathwork and yoga as appropriate.
(608) 602-7207 View (608) 602-7207
Photo of Katherine Pfaff, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS
Katherine Pfaff
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53704
Not accepting new clients
My experience and passion lies in working with female and non-binary identifying folks 18+ who have experienced the effects of trauma, attachment wounds, depression, anxiety, and relational concerns. I approach therapy through the lens of Internal Family Systems Therapy (IFS), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Person-Centered, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) and Narrative Therapy. I am also Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) trained.
My experience and passion lies in working with female and non-binary identifying folks 18+ who have experienced the effects of trauma, attachment wounds, depression, anxiety, and relational concerns. I approach therapy through the lens of Internal Family Systems Therapy (IFS), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Person-Centered, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) and Narrative Therapy. I am also Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) trained.
(608) 557-5253 View (608) 557-5253
Photo of Kelsey Siegel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Kelsey Siegel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53713
Kelsey Siegel (she/her/hers) is a licensed clinical social worker with over 13 years of experience working as an individual and family therapist, specializing in working with children and their families. Kelsey has worked in a variety of environments, including in-home and school based services. Kelsey is dedicated to establishing relationships with folks in ways that feel supportive and safe, while holding space for the healing process to unfold. She is committed to advocating for equity within mental health services both individually and on larger levels, acknowledging that power and privilege impact wellness and accessibility.
Kelsey Siegel (she/her/hers) is a licensed clinical social worker with over 13 years of experience working as an individual and family therapist, specializing in working with children and their families. Kelsey has worked in a variety of environments, including in-home and school based services. Kelsey is dedicated to establishing relationships with folks in ways that feel supportive and safe, while holding space for the healing process to unfold. She is committed to advocating for equity within mental health services both individually and on larger levels, acknowledging that power and privilege impact wellness and accessibility.
(608) 802-8659 View (608) 802-8659
Photo of Jennifer Ann Yessa-Kast, MSSW, LCSW
Jennifer Ann Yessa-Kast
Verified Verified
Madison, WI 53719
I’m a licensed clinical social worker with over 25 years of experience providing therapy. I am accepting new clients currently. I specialize in depression, anxiety, trauma, cancer dx, grief, ADHD, self-esteem, dependency issues, parenting, work difficulties, and relationship challenges. I currently work with older teens and adults. I can incorporate couples and family work when it is beneficial to the individual’s treatment goals. I have an extensive background working with children and families that contributes to my overall knowledge base helping adults navigate relationships with their partners, children, and family members.
I’m a licensed clinical social worker with over 25 years of experience providing therapy. I am accepting new clients currently. I specialize in depression, anxiety, trauma, cancer dx, grief, ADHD, self-esteem, dependency issues, parenting, work difficulties, and relationship challenges. I currently work with older teens and adults. I can incorporate couples and family work when it is beneficial to the individual’s treatment goals. I have an extensive background working with children and families that contributes to my overall knowledge base helping adults navigate relationships with their partners, children, and family members.
(608) 677-6838 x2 View (608) 677-6838 x2
Photo of Jeff Hamm, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, CAPSW
Jeff Hamm
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, CAPSW
2 Endorsed
Madison, WI 53703
I work with adults, especially those grappling with aging-related issues and the effects of cognitive changes in themselves or their loved ones. Our work together will be guided by your needs, desires, and goals. This might include working on challenging relationships, loss and grief, difficult life transitions, depression, anxiety, or critical life decisions. For individuals and families on the dementia journey, I offer support, education, validation, referrals, and assistance in planning. I am happy to consult with family members on an as-needed basis. I am also willing to meet at a client’s home as needed and appropriate.
I work with adults, especially those grappling with aging-related issues and the effects of cognitive changes in themselves or their loved ones. Our work together will be guided by your needs, desires, and goals. This might include working on challenging relationships, loss and grief, difficult life transitions, depression, anxiety, or critical life decisions. For individuals and families on the dementia journey, I offer support, education, validation, referrals, and assistance in planning. I am happy to consult with family members on an as-needed basis. I am also willing to meet at a client’s home as needed and appropriate.
(608) 889-3035 View (608) 889-3035
Photo of Allison Bender, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Allison Bender
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Madison, WI 53704
Waitlist for new clients
You are struggling to communicate your needs to those around you: perhaps to a partner, boss, friend, or family member. That relationship is taking its toll on you, and you are looking to do something, but don't know what. It's starting to impact the time you spend with them and you're feeling disconnected. Nothing seems to work in that relationship and you are confused on how to move forward. There is so much you want to share with them, and you need help learning how to engage again. Having a space to explore how you feel about them may be key. You can learn how to be vulnerable with them by increasing your communication skills.
You are struggling to communicate your needs to those around you: perhaps to a partner, boss, friend, or family member. That relationship is taking its toll on you, and you are looking to do something, but don't know what. It's starting to impact the time you spend with them and you're feeling disconnected. Nothing seems to work in that relationship and you are confused on how to move forward. There is so much you want to share with them, and you need help learning how to engage again. Having a space to explore how you feel about them may be key. You can learn how to be vulnerable with them by increasing your communication skills.
(608) 898-6496 View (608) 898-6496
Photo of Sarah Fons, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Sarah Fons
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Madison, WI 53705
The stories we tell ourselves about our lives are just as important and meaningful as the actions we take. Together, we can bring your strengths to the forefront to allow you to live the life you want, not the one others think you should have. As a systemic therapist, I expand the conversation to acknowledge the complexity of the human experience. This means that we will talk about race, class, gender, sex, and so much more.
The stories we tell ourselves about our lives are just as important and meaningful as the actions we take. Together, we can bring your strengths to the forefront to allow you to live the life you want, not the one others think you should have. As a systemic therapist, I expand the conversation to acknowledge the complexity of the human experience. This means that we will talk about race, class, gender, sex, and so much more.
(608) 470-8205 View (608) 470-8205
Photo of Katherine Giarratano, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSAC, ICS
Katherine Giarratano
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSAC, ICS
Online Only
Life can be difficult as we try to navigate through the many changes and transitions that may present. There are times when we may feel overwhelmed, anxious, or experience an increase in stress that seems impossible to overcome. I work with clients to create a safe and open environment where you can share your thoughts and feelings without fear of judgement as you build skills to best address your concerns.
Life can be difficult as we try to navigate through the many changes and transitions that may present. There are times when we may feel overwhelmed, anxious, or experience an increase in stress that seems impossible to overcome. I work with clients to create a safe and open environment where you can share your thoughts and feelings without fear of judgement as you build skills to best address your concerns.
(608) 736-1299 View (608) 736-1299
Photo of Dave Minden, Psychologist, PhD
Dave Minden
Psychologist, PhD
Madison, WI 53705
I have provided psychotherapy for over 35 years. I listen to your concerns and your strengths to find the best ways to help you make the changes needed. You may have already made some changes and these are vital to build upon. No concern is too small, and we will often see a snowball of positive changes occur.
I have provided psychotherapy for over 35 years. I listen to your concerns and your strengths to find the best ways to help you make the changes needed. You may have already made some changes and these are vital to build upon. No concern is too small, and we will often see a snowball of positive changes occur.
(608) 440-8161 View (608) 440-8161
Photo of Angela Waldoch, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR
Angela Waldoch
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR
Madison, WI 53703
Not accepting new clients
Hey, I'm Angela! I'm a Registered Art Therapist and Licensed Professional Counselor. As part of the queer community, I understand the unique circumstances that can often come along with this lived experience, and I enjoy working with fellow LGBTQIA+ individuals in addition to folks from all walks of life. I specialize in working with anxiety, depression, mood disorders, CPTSD, SH/SI, identity exploration, grief & loss, and those living and coping with chronic illnesses, and/or life changes & transitions. I also find value in examining societal structures and systems that impact our mental and physical health as well.
Hey, I'm Angela! I'm a Registered Art Therapist and Licensed Professional Counselor. As part of the queer community, I understand the unique circumstances that can often come along with this lived experience, and I enjoy working with fellow LGBTQIA+ individuals in addition to folks from all walks of life. I specialize in working with anxiety, depression, mood disorders, CPTSD, SH/SI, identity exploration, grief & loss, and those living and coping with chronic illnesses, and/or life changes & transitions. I also find value in examining societal structures and systems that impact our mental and physical health as well.
(608) 200-2263 View (608) 200-2263
Photo of Lindsay Wert, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lindsay Wert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Madison, WI 53719
Starting therapy is a big step toward understanding yourself, and I am here to offer a safe and welcoming space. I work with people facing mental health challenges, trauma, ongoing symptoms, sexuality, identity, and significant life changes, always focusing on collaboration and your needs. My interest in therapy grew from my job and research on how childhood trauma affects resilience in adulthood.
Starting therapy is a big step toward understanding yourself, and I am here to offer a safe and welcoming space. I work with people facing mental health challenges, trauma, ongoing symptoms, sexuality, identity, and significant life changes, always focusing on collaboration and your needs. My interest in therapy grew from my job and research on how childhood trauma affects resilience in adulthood.
(608) 979-5512 View (608) 979-5512

See more therapy options for Madison

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Madison, WI

1,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Madison, WI who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
72% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
65% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

51% BlueCross and BlueShield
51% Quartz
49% Aetna

How Therapists in Madison, WI see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
17% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Madison?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.