Therapists in District of Columbia

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Photo of Keltie Hawkins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in District of Columbia
Keltie Hawkins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, LICSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20016
I specialize in the treatment of unresolved trauma and difficult life experiences. But I also believe therapy is a comfortable space to get to know yourself better—and a vehicle for hope, whether you are in acute crisis, or simply feeling stuck. Through an integrative approach, I help you identify patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that may have begun early in life and continue to affect your relationships or your work.
I specialize in the treatment of unresolved trauma and difficult life experiences. But I also believe therapy is a comfortable space to get to know yourself better—and a vehicle for hope, whether you are in acute crisis, or simply feeling stuck. Through an integrative approach, I help you identify patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that may have begun early in life and continue to affect your relationships or your work.
(202) 918-4218 View (202) 918-4218
Photo of Woodford Wellness, Licensed Professional Counselor in District of Columbia
Woodford Wellness
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20002  (Online Only)
The vision for Woodford Wellness was birthed from the passion of Dr. Bryant to provide a therapeutic space for persons to bring their entire selves and achieve wellness. To do so, Dr. Bryant integrates both his queer psychological and theological expertise to meet clients where they are. Additionally, Dr. Bryant commonly employs a narrative therapeutic approach with clients to best understand a client’s personal narrative. Such an approach yields the unveiling of a client’s key skills and traits which are fostered to rewrite a client’s personal narrative towards wellness.
The vision for Woodford Wellness was birthed from the passion of Dr. Bryant to provide a therapeutic space for persons to bring their entire selves and achieve wellness. To do so, Dr. Bryant integrates both his queer psychological and theological expertise to meet clients where they are. Additionally, Dr. Bryant commonly employs a narrative therapeutic approach with clients to best understand a client’s personal narrative. Such an approach yields the unveiling of a client’s key skills and traits which are fostered to rewrite a client’s personal narrative towards wellness.
(202) 804-3511 View (202) 804-3511
Photo of Drew Joseph - Couples Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in District of Columbia
Drew Joseph - Couples Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
13 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20036  (Online Only)
I provide a confidential setting where straight & gay couples can address matters of the heart. I help you figure out what's wrong and consider what to do about it. The length of therapy varies from one-time consultations to long-term treatment, depending on your problem, interest, and resources. I work well with couples who fear they may not be able to go on together. I also enjoy working with recovering alcoholics and addicts, supporting their integration of therapy with the wisdom and fellowship of the Twelve Steps.
I provide a confidential setting where straight & gay couples can address matters of the heart. I help you figure out what's wrong and consider what to do about it. The length of therapy varies from one-time consultations to long-term treatment, depending on your problem, interest, and resources. I work well with couples who fear they may not be able to go on together. I also enjoy working with recovering alcoholics and addicts, supporting their integration of therapy with the wisdom and fellowship of the Twelve Steps.
(202) 559-4837 View (202) 559-4837
Photo of Karen Garman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in District of Columbia
Karen Garman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20015
I work with adults, adolescents and children to create a safe space in which to explore and understand struggles, develop healthy coping skills, and cultivate fulfilling relationships. I bring my understanding of development across the life span, listening skills, and a commitment to help each individual feel understood, supported, and challenged to move toward healing, growth, and the change they desire.
I work with adults, adolescents and children to create a safe space in which to explore and understand struggles, develop healthy coping skills, and cultivate fulfilling relationships. I bring my understanding of development across the life span, listening skills, and a commitment to help each individual feel understood, supported, and challenged to move toward healing, growth, and the change they desire.
(202) 729-9092 View (202) 729-9092
Photo of Alexandra Jacobi, Licensed Professional Counselor in District of Columbia
Alexandra Jacobi
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, LCPC
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20036  (Online Only)
Welcome! By visiting my page, you're already one step closer to building a life that you love. I work best with clients (mostly in the early to middle adulthood age range) who feel anxious, depressed, inferior, out-of-balance, insecure, defensive, weak, traumatized, overwhelmed, defeated and/or maladjusted; as well as those who simply just want to develop insight into their own psychological world. I will help you to identify and process root wounds and sources of suffering in order to help you not only heal and bounce back, but to actually bounce forward, in your life. Expect to move towards healing, balance, and optimal wellness.
Welcome! By visiting my page, you're already one step closer to building a life that you love. I work best with clients (mostly in the early to middle adulthood age range) who feel anxious, depressed, inferior, out-of-balance, insecure, defensive, weak, traumatized, overwhelmed, defeated and/or maladjusted; as well as those who simply just want to develop insight into their own psychological world. I will help you to identify and process root wounds and sources of suffering in order to help you not only heal and bounce back, but to actually bounce forward, in your life. Expect to move towards healing, balance, and optimal wellness.
(410) 449-7673 View (410) 449-7673
Photo of Dr. Arianne E. Miller, Psychologist in District of Columbia
Dr. Arianne E. Miller
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20009  (Online Only)
Deciding to go to therapy sometimes takes a long time because we may minimize our suffering and delay finding someone who can help. Whether you are feeling stuck, trying to resolve a specific problem, make a relationship work, or manage stress, illness or trauma, no issue is too small or too big. I work collaboratively with all my clients to develop a safe and authentic relationship to address their goals. I help my clients to understand the history and impact of their relationships and critical life events that have created suffering or difficulty, and develop skills and strategies that lead to growth and long lasting healing.
Deciding to go to therapy sometimes takes a long time because we may minimize our suffering and delay finding someone who can help. Whether you are feeling stuck, trying to resolve a specific problem, make a relationship work, or manage stress, illness or trauma, no issue is too small or too big. I work collaboratively with all my clients to develop a safe and authentic relationship to address their goals. I help my clients to understand the history and impact of their relationships and critical life events that have created suffering or difficulty, and develop skills and strategies that lead to growth and long lasting healing.
(202) 873-1164 View (202) 873-1164
Photo of Infinite Zen Holistic Psychotherapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in District of Columbia
Infinite Zen Holistic Psychotherapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, ABS, LICSW, LCSW, CCATP, CST
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20003  (Online Only)
Are you experiencing feelings of depression, anxiety, loneliness, issues with intimacy, and sexual desire? I am a sex-positive, non-monogamous, BDSM/KINK, LGBTQIA+ affirming relationship therapist. Let's work together! Perhaps you lack self-compassion, you are self-conscious, or maybe you're unsure about the future of your relationship. An important aspect of therapy is examining our inner world, relationships, thoughts and feelings in a safe non-judgmental space. Using an integrative approach, I aim to create a positive therapeutic relationship that promotes healing with compassionate self-exploration. Contact me today!
Are you experiencing feelings of depression, anxiety, loneliness, issues with intimacy, and sexual desire? I am a sex-positive, non-monogamous, BDSM/KINK, LGBTQIA+ affirming relationship therapist. Let's work together! Perhaps you lack self-compassion, you are self-conscious, or maybe you're unsure about the future of your relationship. An important aspect of therapy is examining our inner world, relationships, thoughts and feelings in a safe non-judgmental space. Using an integrative approach, I aim to create a positive therapeutic relationship that promotes healing with compassionate self-exploration. Contact me today!
(202) 816-6098 View (202) 816-6098
Photo of Barbara L E Cristy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in District of Columbia
Barbara L E Cristy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, BCD
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20007  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I believe the most important thing about therapy is empowering you so that you can make conscious choices about your life. My style is active and involved. Working collaboratively, I can help you define your goals and see what is causing your pain, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and problems in relationships. As a child, you learned ways of coping with your environment that were safe for you at the time. Those coping behaviors became habitual but, as an adult, no longer work for you and interfere with your happiness and your ability to function at your highest level.
I believe the most important thing about therapy is empowering you so that you can make conscious choices about your life. My style is active and involved. Working collaboratively, I can help you define your goals and see what is causing your pain, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and problems in relationships. As a child, you learned ways of coping with your environment that were safe for you at the time. Those coping behaviors became habitual but, as an adult, no longer work for you and interfere with your happiness and your ability to function at your highest level.
(301) 684-5173 View (301) 684-5173
Photo of Nancy Pentz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in District of Columbia
Nancy Pentz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, CAC, CEAP
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20009  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are anxiety, anger, alienation, sadness or confusion causing you to feel overwhelmed trapped or hopelessly thwarted in reaching your goals? Or do you feel a deep longing for change? The call to deepen your understanding of yourself, of others and your situation is often signaled by negative thoughts, painful feelings, or a work or relationship crisis. The opportunity to talk with someone who is accepting and takes a practical approach restores hope, rekindles desire, resolves conflict, and directs the flow of energy towards positive movement.
Are anxiety, anger, alienation, sadness or confusion causing you to feel overwhelmed trapped or hopelessly thwarted in reaching your goals? Or do you feel a deep longing for change? The call to deepen your understanding of yourself, of others and your situation is often signaled by negative thoughts, painful feelings, or a work or relationship crisis. The opportunity to talk with someone who is accepting and takes a practical approach restores hope, rekindles desire, resolves conflict, and directs the flow of energy towards positive movement.
(202) 559-4853 x441 View (202) 559-4853 x441
Photo of Nyasha Chikowore, Psychological Associate in District of Columbia
Nyasha Chikowore
Psychological Associate, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20009
My clients range from adolescents to adults, presenting with concerns around depression, anxiety, ADHD, trauma, family discord, work & academic stress/conflict, gender and sexual identity, racism, and relationship problems. I have worked with individuals who are coming to therapy for the first time and those who want a change of pace in their journey; what all my clients have in common is that they're ready and willing to start.
My clients range from adolescents to adults, presenting with concerns around depression, anxiety, ADHD, trauma, family discord, work & academic stress/conflict, gender and sexual identity, racism, and relationship problems. I have worked with individuals who are coming to therapy for the first time and those who want a change of pace in their journey; what all my clients have in common is that they're ready and willing to start.
(202) 618-4934 View (202) 618-4934
Photo of Bentley Noland, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in District of Columbia
Bentley Noland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20005
Are you struggling with depression, anxiety, biploar disorder, or have experienced trauma? Have you self-medicated in an attempt to manage your emotions? You can expect supportive, practical help in overcoming trauma, the treatment of mood disorders, and recovery from substance abuse and behavioral addictions. Therapy will be tailored to your needs, using the tools that work best for you, including Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Restructuring (a core technique from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy), and learning stress reduction skills. In therapy, you can build lasting alternatives to unhealthy family dynamics.
Are you struggling with depression, anxiety, biploar disorder, or have experienced trauma? Have you self-medicated in an attempt to manage your emotions? You can expect supportive, practical help in overcoming trauma, the treatment of mood disorders, and recovery from substance abuse and behavioral addictions. Therapy will be tailored to your needs, using the tools that work best for you, including Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Restructuring (a core technique from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy), and learning stress reduction skills. In therapy, you can build lasting alternatives to unhealthy family dynamics.
(202) 831-1608 View (202) 831-1608
Photo of Dr. Michelle R Cook, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in District of Columbia
Dr. Michelle R Cook
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, PhD, LICSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20006  (Online Only)
Hello and thank you for having the courage and strength to learn more about YOU. Psychotherapy is a process and a process that I will take with you. About me: I began my career over 20 years ago, and have worked in several grassroots organizations with the common mission of empowering individuals. I have a love for service and advocacy particularity for the most vulnerable and disenfranchised groups.
Hello and thank you for having the courage and strength to learn more about YOU. Psychotherapy is a process and a process that I will take with you. About me: I began my career over 20 years ago, and have worked in several grassroots organizations with the common mission of empowering individuals. I have a love for service and advocacy particularity for the most vulnerable and disenfranchised groups.
(202) 714-3369 View (202) 714-3369
Photo of SMYAL's LGBTQ+ Clinical Therapy Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in District of Columbia
SMYAL's LGBTQ+ Clinical Therapy Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20003
SMYAL’s mental health counseling services offer FREE therapy and provides a safe and inclusive space for you to explore your emotions and experiences. We know that finding a therapist who understands you and your community can be frustrating, expensive, and nerve-wracking. At SMYAL, we’re working to remove these barriers. Our team of therapists are well-versed in the challenges that LGBTQ+ youth face, and we are here to help you navigate those challenges with confidence and resilience. Whether you’re you’re struggling with self-acceptance, coming out, or dealing with discrimination, SMYAL is here for you!
SMYAL’s mental health counseling services offer FREE therapy and provides a safe and inclusive space for you to explore your emotions and experiences. We know that finding a therapist who understands you and your community can be frustrating, expensive, and nerve-wracking. At SMYAL, we’re working to remove these barriers. Our team of therapists are well-versed in the challenges that LGBTQ+ youth face, and we are here to help you navigate those challenges with confidence and resilience. Whether you’re you’re struggling with self-acceptance, coming out, or dealing with discrimination, SMYAL is here for you!
(202) 804-0992 View (202) 804-0992
Photo of Sean C LeSane, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in District of Columbia
Sean C LeSane
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20036
My practice focuses on work with individuals and couples to assist you in understanding how you can relate to others in as authentic a way as possible. I am a licensed independent clinical social worker and have provided psychotherapy for the past 10 years. I have worked in various therapeutic environments for over 15 years with people who are dealing with varying degrees of mental health issues and life challenges including depression, anxiety, relationship challenges, and grief and loss.
My practice focuses on work with individuals and couples to assist you in understanding how you can relate to others in as authentic a way as possible. I am a licensed independent clinical social worker and have provided psychotherapy for the past 10 years. I have worked in various therapeutic environments for over 15 years with people who are dealing with varying degrees of mental health issues and life challenges including depression, anxiety, relationship challenges, and grief and loss.
(202) 681-3952 View (202) 681-3952
Photo of Andrea Florez, Licensed Professional Counselor in District of Columbia
Andrea Florez
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20001  (Online Only)
I focus on creating a supportive and safe therapeutic environment where I can help clients identify opportunities for change and growth, cope with difficult emotions and experiences, and approach and resolve problems in more constructive ways that brings the opportunity to heal emotional wounds. I believe therapy is collaborative and I support my clients to build lives that feel meaningful and authentic. I incorporate different therapeutic approaches to help clients achieve their treatment goals and meet their individual needs
I focus on creating a supportive and safe therapeutic environment where I can help clients identify opportunities for change and growth, cope with difficult emotions and experiences, and approach and resolve problems in more constructive ways that brings the opportunity to heal emotional wounds. I believe therapy is collaborative and I support my clients to build lives that feel meaningful and authentic. I incorporate different therapeutic approaches to help clients achieve their treatment goals and meet their individual needs
(202) 949-5971 View (202) 949-5971
Photo of Justin Collmann, Psychologist in District of Columbia
Justin Collmann
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20015  (Online Only)
I offer therapy for stress and anxiety. We reflect on issues including anxiety about making mistakes, fear of failure, worrying that people do not like you, and burnout. We also consider how to cultivate motivation, creativity, community, and fun. I think physical health is a key to mental well-being, and I specialize in helping my clients establish effective exercise habits.
I offer therapy for stress and anxiety. We reflect on issues including anxiety about making mistakes, fear of failure, worrying that people do not like you, and burnout. We also consider how to cultivate motivation, creativity, community, and fun. I think physical health is a key to mental well-being, and I specialize in helping my clients establish effective exercise habits.
(202) 929-6988 View (202) 929-6988
Photo of Mia Foley, Psychologist in District of Columbia
Mia Foley
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20009  (Online Only)
I work collaboratively with my clients to develop a treatment program that meets their individual needs. I employ research-proven techniques in working with a variety of difficulties, including anxiety, depression, eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder and habit control problems. I also provide treatment for interpersonal challenges, such as relationship or personality issues as well as anything that interferes with the ability to live a fulfilling and productive life. While I work from a predominantly cognitive-behavioral framework, I often integrate techniques from other schools of therapy, particularly when working with complex problems.
I work collaboratively with my clients to develop a treatment program that meets their individual needs. I employ research-proven techniques in working with a variety of difficulties, including anxiety, depression, eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder and habit control problems. I also provide treatment for interpersonal challenges, such as relationship or personality issues as well as anything that interferes with the ability to live a fulfilling and productive life. While I work from a predominantly cognitive-behavioral framework, I often integrate techniques from other schools of therapy, particularly when working with complex problems.
(202) 760-2048 View (202) 760-2048
Photo of Frances K Wu, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in District of Columbia
Frances K Wu
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW, JD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20008
Finding your voice is a journey of empowerment. From a shy child, to a lawyer who became a voice for others, to becoming a clinical social worker after a period of personal exploration, I am someone who has come full circle in finding my voice. As such, I have a deep interest in helping others find theirs.
Finding your voice is a journey of empowerment. From a shy child, to a lawyer who became a voice for others, to becoming a clinical social worker after a period of personal exploration, I am someone who has come full circle in finding my voice. As such, I have a deep interest in helping others find theirs.
(202) 816-7757 View (202) 816-7757
Photo of Eric Behna, Pre-Licensed Professional in District of Columbia
Eric Behna
Pre-Licensed Professional, LGSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20020  (Online Only)
Eric is a Licensed Graduate Social Worker in Washington, D.C. Eric’s style is calm, supportive, and non-judgmental. Eric seeks to walk alongside his clients on their journey towards change and being the person they want to be. His approach is to help clients tap into inner strengths while building greater awareness of emotions and behaviors.
Eric is a Licensed Graduate Social Worker in Washington, D.C. Eric’s style is calm, supportive, and non-judgmental. Eric seeks to walk alongside his clients on their journey towards change and being the person they want to be. His approach is to help clients tap into inner strengths while building greater awareness of emotions and behaviors.
(833) 525-0466 View (833) 525-0466
Photo of David Shapiro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in District of Columbia
David Shapiro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20002  (Online Only)
Are you anxious, feeling stuck, or not sleeping? Does it seem harder for you to navigate life stressors than it does for other people? If this sounds familiar, you're not alone. Depression, anxiety, and insomnia are common reasons people seek help. Whether you’re dealing with one or a combination of these issues, it might be hard to fully engage with the world, resulting in missed opportunities or an inability to experience the meaningful life you deserve. We all experience anxiety and depression, or have trouble sleeping at times, but if any of these have become obstacles for you, let’s work together to change that.
Are you anxious, feeling stuck, or not sleeping? Does it seem harder for you to navigate life stressors than it does for other people? If this sounds familiar, you're not alone. Depression, anxiety, and insomnia are common reasons people seek help. Whether you’re dealing with one or a combination of these issues, it might be hard to fully engage with the world, resulting in missed opportunities or an inability to experience the meaningful life you deserve. We all experience anxiety and depression, or have trouble sleeping at times, but if any of these have become obstacles for you, let’s work together to change that.
(202) 539-6930 View (202) 539-6930

See more therapy options for District of Columbia

How does your Therapist compare?

Average cost per session

$180

Therapists in District of Columbia who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
65% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

62% BlueCross and BlueShield
57% CareFirst
53% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in District of Columbia see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in District of Columbia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.