Therapists in Bellevue, WA

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Photo of Sierra Beckers, Counselor in Bellevue, WA
Sierra Beckers
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Bellevue, WA 98004
My ideal client knows they are suffering but may not know why. They know they need help but may not know what that will look like. They are an active participant in their own recovery and recognize that "active" can look different and feel different week to week. They are open to building trust, hearing feedback and ready to engage and be challenged. It is my priority to help you feel comfortable, supported, and heard. I have 10 years experience of treating a wide range of severe diagnoses, from major depression and anxiety to general stressors and day-to-day problems.
My ideal client knows they are suffering but may not know why. They know they need help but may not know what that will look like. They are an active participant in their own recovery and recognize that "active" can look different and feel different week to week. They are open to building trust, hearing feedback and ready to engage and be challenged. It is my priority to help you feel comfortable, supported, and heard. I have 10 years experience of treating a wide range of severe diagnoses, from major depression and anxiety to general stressors and day-to-day problems.
(206) 203-4211 View (206) 203-4211
Photo of Megan Lein, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Bellevue, WA
Megan Lein
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LMFTA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bellevue, WA 98008
As a dedicated play therapist, I specialize in working with children and teens, fostering personal growth, resilience, and self-discovery through the power of play. I create a safe, nurturing space where young minds can freely express themselves and develop coping strategies. I also offer family-focused interventions, bridging the gap between individual and family dynamics. Let me help your family overcome challenges and build stronger connections.
As a dedicated play therapist, I specialize in working with children and teens, fostering personal growth, resilience, and self-discovery through the power of play. I create a safe, nurturing space where young minds can freely express themselves and develop coping strategies. I also offer family-focused interventions, bridging the gap between individual and family dynamics. Let me help your family overcome challenges and build stronger connections.
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Photo of Alexandra Grigore, Counselor in Bellevue, WA
Alexandra Grigore
Counselor, MA, LMHCA
Verified Verified
Bellevue, WA 98004
Waitlist for new clients
Unhelpful thoughts and behaviors surrounding food and body image are hard. They can begin to control our lives, affecting our relationships with others and our relationship with ourselves. I work with clients to explore how trauma might influence their self-concept, the ways they experience and relate to their body and to food, and the ways they navigate this world. I help individuals explore, reframe and unlearn unhelpful messaging they may have received from systemic influences. I work with clients in their journeys of attuning to their body, to their relationship with food, to their values and to their most authentic self.
Unhelpful thoughts and behaviors surrounding food and body image are hard. They can begin to control our lives, affecting our relationships with others and our relationship with ourselves. I work with clients to explore how trauma might influence their self-concept, the ways they experience and relate to their body and to food, and the ways they navigate this world. I help individuals explore, reframe and unlearn unhelpful messaging they may have received from systemic influences. I work with clients in their journeys of attuning to their body, to their relationship with food, to their values and to their most authentic self.
(206) 944-6720 View (206) 944-6720
Photo of Jen Gates, Counselor in Bellevue, WA
Jen Gates
Counselor, MA, LMHC, CMHS, MHP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bellevue, WA 98004
Not accepting new clients
The focus of my practice is individual (young children, adolescents and adults) and family therapy. I genuinely love working with children, adolescents and families who are struggling with the tasks required to get through a day to those who have "tried everything" and feel lost. Or, individuals and families who are facing a crisis or transition and do not know how to navigate their way, much less help their children. I work together with my clients to identify barriers and the path forward so they can function effectively in their day to day and feel successful in what they do and how they engage.
The focus of my practice is individual (young children, adolescents and adults) and family therapy. I genuinely love working with children, adolescents and families who are struggling with the tasks required to get through a day to those who have "tried everything" and feel lost. Or, individuals and families who are facing a crisis or transition and do not know how to navigate their way, much less help their children. I work together with my clients to identify barriers and the path forward so they can function effectively in their day to day and feel successful in what they do and how they engage.
(425) 786-9700 View (425) 786-9700
Photo of Kay Duncan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bellevue, WA
Kay Duncan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, ACC
Verified Verified
Bellevue, WA 98005
Perhaps you're here because you want things to be different in your life. Less stress, better relationships, better coping skills, or just to be happier. Therapy can be an important step in making your life more manageable, enjoyable and meaningful. My goal is to create a warm, relaxed, and accepting atmosphere where you can meet the challenges of an immediate crisis, or work on long-standing issues you'd like to change.
Perhaps you're here because you want things to be different in your life. Less stress, better relationships, better coping skills, or just to be happier. Therapy can be an important step in making your life more manageable, enjoyable and meaningful. My goal is to create a warm, relaxed, and accepting atmosphere where you can meet the challenges of an immediate crisis, or work on long-standing issues you'd like to change.
(425) 381-2320 View (425) 381-2320
Photo of Becky J Morehead, Counselor in Bellevue, WA
Becky J Morehead
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Bellevue, WA 98004  (Online Only)
If you are a woman who is accommodating others and not feeling seen or heard, it is possible to feel connected and alive. Women wanting to make a shift in their life -personal or professional are my ideal client. I specialize in depression, anxiety, avoidance, dissociation, chronic illness, personal and professional relationship issues. Transitions in career, relationships or working through trauma and loss are my areas of expertise. I am intuitive with an innate ability to assist people in focusing on their potential and helping them to make that shift and resolve traumas.
If you are a woman who is accommodating others and not feeling seen or heard, it is possible to feel connected and alive. Women wanting to make a shift in their life -personal or professional are my ideal client. I specialize in depression, anxiety, avoidance, dissociation, chronic illness, personal and professional relationship issues. Transitions in career, relationships or working through trauma and loss are my areas of expertise. I am intuitive with an innate ability to assist people in focusing on their potential and helping them to make that shift and resolve traumas.
(206) 557-6432 View (206) 557-6432
Photo of Linda Lingyan Chen, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Bellevue, WA
Linda Lingyan Chen
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MFTA, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bellevue, WA 98004
Do you feel stuck in your life and do not know how to move forward? Do you feel inadequate and find it difficult to find good in yourself and your life? Do you often try to please others while ignoring your own needs? Do you struggle to maintain intimate relationships? Do you sometimes feel confused and dissatisfied about yourself and want to know who you are and want to be? If any of these resonates with you, I may be your therapist.
Do you feel stuck in your life and do not know how to move forward? Do you feel inadequate and find it difficult to find good in yourself and your life? Do you often try to please others while ignoring your own needs? Do you struggle to maintain intimate relationships? Do you sometimes feel confused and dissatisfied about yourself and want to know who you are and want to be? If any of these resonates with you, I may be your therapist.
(425) 629-8177 View (425) 629-8177
Photo of Patricia Magnani, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bellevue, WA
Patricia Magnani
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Bellevue, WA 98004
Not accepting new clients
My goal is to create a safe, healing environment for clients to explore and resolve issues that are causing distress or holding them back from living a more fulfilling life. My style of interaction is warm, collaborative, supportive and strength-based, and I view my role as partnering with you to help you get unstuck, improve your relationships, and create the positive changes you are seeking.
My goal is to create a safe, healing environment for clients to explore and resolve issues that are causing distress or holding them back from living a more fulfilling life. My style of interaction is warm, collaborative, supportive and strength-based, and I view my role as partnering with you to help you get unstuck, improve your relationships, and create the positive changes you are seeking.
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Photo of Cindy Su, Counselor in Bellevue, WA
Cindy Su
Counselor, LMHCA
Verified Verified
Bellevue, WA 98004
Are you feeling the weight of uncertainty or struggling to navigate the complexities of life? Are there aspects of yourself or your situation that you wish to explore and transform? I specialize in working with individuals who recognize the value of change and seek internal motivation for personal growth. You may be facing challenges related to self-image, relationships, or cultural stigma, or you are someone who wants to embark on a journey of self-discovery, gaining insight into your emotions and experiences. Your goals become mine, and together, we'll navigate the path towards a more fulfilling and empowered life.
Are you feeling the weight of uncertainty or struggling to navigate the complexities of life? Are there aspects of yourself or your situation that you wish to explore and transform? I specialize in working with individuals who recognize the value of change and seek internal motivation for personal growth. You may be facing challenges related to self-image, relationships, or cultural stigma, or you are someone who wants to embark on a journey of self-discovery, gaining insight into your emotions and experiences. Your goals become mine, and together, we'll navigate the path towards a more fulfilling and empowered life.
(425) 728-6890 View (425) 728-6890
Photo of Jennifer Tillman, Counselor in Bellevue, WA
Jennifer Tillman
Counselor, MA, LMHCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bellevue, WA 98004  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Jenny Tillman and I am currently accepting new clients for individual therapy services through Sound Resilience Health. I work with clients ages 15 and older struggling with anxiety, interpersonal conflicts, parenting challenges, depression, mood disorders and challenges surrounding eating behaviors, and self-harm.
Hello! My name is Jenny Tillman and I am currently accepting new clients for individual therapy services through Sound Resilience Health. I work with clients ages 15 and older struggling with anxiety, interpersonal conflicts, parenting challenges, depression, mood disorders and challenges surrounding eating behaviors, and self-harm.
(425) 748-8963 View (425) 748-8963
Photo of Shu Jin, Counselor in Bellevue, WA
Shu Jin
Counselor, MC, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Bellevue, WA 98007
I am passionate about working with Asian Americans and the Chinese population. I have a lot of experience in helping international students and employees navigate life transitions and challenges. My clinical areas of specialty include personal growth and development, anxiety and depression, interpersonal problems, grief and loss issues, trauma, and stress-related problems. I believe the difficulties serve a purpose: to provide us the chance to reveal authenticity and completeness in our life. Life seems to be falling apart when you focus on the broken pieces. I will help you see how they will come together to form the whole.
I am passionate about working with Asian Americans and the Chinese population. I have a lot of experience in helping international students and employees navigate life transitions and challenges. My clinical areas of specialty include personal growth and development, anxiety and depression, interpersonal problems, grief and loss issues, trauma, and stress-related problems. I believe the difficulties serve a purpose: to provide us the chance to reveal authenticity and completeness in our life. Life seems to be falling apart when you focus on the broken pieces. I will help you see how they will come together to form the whole.
(206) 279-1334 View (206) 279-1334
Photo of Michelle Michal Alpert, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bellevue, WA
Michelle Michal Alpert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Bellevue, WA 98007
Experiencing stress and emotional pain can be overwhelming. It may be difficult to take the first step and seek help, but you don't have to face these challenges alone. As your therapist, I am here to help you navigate these difficulties. I use an insight-oriented approach to help you make sense of your feelings and behaviors. By exploring your internal world, you gain a deeper understanding of how your past experiences affect you today, and pave a way for change & growth. I specialize in working with anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, life transitions (pregnancy, relocation), concerns about relationships, parenting & identity.
Experiencing stress and emotional pain can be overwhelming. It may be difficult to take the first step and seek help, but you don't have to face these challenges alone. As your therapist, I am here to help you navigate these difficulties. I use an insight-oriented approach to help you make sense of your feelings and behaviors. By exploring your internal world, you gain a deeper understanding of how your past experiences affect you today, and pave a way for change & growth. I specialize in working with anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, life transitions (pregnancy, relocation), concerns about relationships, parenting & identity.
(425) 541-1473 View (425) 541-1473
Photo of Shana Oconnor-Wolf, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bellevue, WA
Shana Oconnor-Wolf
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFTA
Verified Verified
Bellevue, WA 98005
I work with individuals, couples, parents, children and families experiencing a variety of issues, for example, general life stress, anxiety, OCD, emotional dysregulation, ADHD, ASD, parenting struggles, grief, religious/spiritual trauma. My approach is to create a collaborative safe space to express and find ways to feel better.
I work with individuals, couples, parents, children and families experiencing a variety of issues, for example, general life stress, anxiety, OCD, emotional dysregulation, ADHD, ASD, parenting struggles, grief, religious/spiritual trauma. My approach is to create a collaborative safe space to express and find ways to feel better.
(425) 541-1974 View (425) 541-1974
Photo of Elizabeth Abbruzza, Counselor in Bellevue, WA
Elizabeth Abbruzza
Counselor, MA, LMHC, CCPS, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bellevue, WA 98008
I work with adults & adolescents who feel overwhelmed, have relational challenges, or struggle to move forward after a painful life event. Avoiding distressing emotions/experiences can create more chaos in our lives, leading to feelings of hopelessness and pain. I focus most of my therapy practice on infidelity recovery and betrayal trauma treatment. In therapy, we will explore how your past experiences impact your present and potentially inhibit you from the personal growth you strive for. You will learn ways to share your emotions and needs, develop healthy coping, and improve your overall well-being.
I work with adults & adolescents who feel overwhelmed, have relational challenges, or struggle to move forward after a painful life event. Avoiding distressing emotions/experiences can create more chaos in our lives, leading to feelings of hopelessness and pain. I focus most of my therapy practice on infidelity recovery and betrayal trauma treatment. In therapy, we will explore how your past experiences impact your present and potentially inhibit you from the personal growth you strive for. You will learn ways to share your emotions and needs, develop healthy coping, and improve your overall well-being.
(425) 437-3846 View (425) 437-3846
Photo of Rebecca Calhoun-Shepard, Psychologist in Bellevue, WA
Rebecca Calhoun-Shepard
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bellevue, WA 98005
I provide therapy with adolescent and adult individuals and partners, including couples and polycules. My clinical areas of interest include ADHD and the impact of neurodiversity on relationships, polyamory and non-monogamy, jealousy, sexual identity, singlehood, communication skills, women’s issues, and interpersonal trauma. I’m considered polyam-friendly, Queer-friendly, kink-aware, and trauma informed. A collaborative therapeutic relationship is at the heart of my practice. It’s of utmost importance that my clients feel heard, supported and respected, while simultaneously challenged.
I provide therapy with adolescent and adult individuals and partners, including couples and polycules. My clinical areas of interest include ADHD and the impact of neurodiversity on relationships, polyamory and non-monogamy, jealousy, sexual identity, singlehood, communication skills, women’s issues, and interpersonal trauma. I’m considered polyam-friendly, Queer-friendly, kink-aware, and trauma informed. A collaborative therapeutic relationship is at the heart of my practice. It’s of utmost importance that my clients feel heard, supported and respected, while simultaneously challenged.
(425) 385-0704 View (425) 385-0704
Photo of Brian Humphries, Counselor in Bellevue, WA
Brian Humphries
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Bellevue, WA 98005
Are you tired of breaking commitments to yourself and others about stopping your sexual addiction or compulsive porn use? Have you hurt your partner from infidelity or sexual betrayal and desperately want to save your relationship? If your sexual behavior feels out of control and you're unable to stop, despite the havoc it's creating in your life, I can help you. Together we can create a plan to stop the destructive cycle you are stuck in, target feelings of shame and hopelessness and regain control over your life. Let me show you how to live within your values and how to show up authentically to repair trust with your partner.
Are you tired of breaking commitments to yourself and others about stopping your sexual addiction or compulsive porn use? Have you hurt your partner from infidelity or sexual betrayal and desperately want to save your relationship? If your sexual behavior feels out of control and you're unable to stop, despite the havoc it's creating in your life, I can help you. Together we can create a plan to stop the destructive cycle you are stuck in, target feelings of shame and hopelessness and regain control over your life. Let me show you how to live within your values and how to show up authentically to repair trust with your partner.
(425) 292-1528 View (425) 292-1528
Photo of Comprehensive Wellness Northwest, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bellevue, WA
Comprehensive Wellness Northwest
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Bellevue, WA 98006
Sometimes the smallest step in the right direction ends up being the biggest step of your life. Tip toe if you must, but take the step! Integrative -holistic-wholehearted. Let's work together to take the first step towards a mindful, balanced life. Our evidenced based integrative approach incorporates nutritional psychology, life style medicine, mindfulness and mindset towards improving symptoms of anxiety, depression and mental wellness. We work together to find resilience, strength and solutions in a holistic and comprehensive way. Now offering three specialty providers offering services to young children, teens and adults.
Sometimes the smallest step in the right direction ends up being the biggest step of your life. Tip toe if you must, but take the step! Integrative -holistic-wholehearted. Let's work together to take the first step towards a mindful, balanced life. Our evidenced based integrative approach incorporates nutritional psychology, life style medicine, mindfulness and mindset towards improving symptoms of anxiety, depression and mental wellness. We work together to find resilience, strength and solutions in a holistic and comprehensive way. Now offering three specialty providers offering services to young children, teens and adults.
(206) 693-2918 View (206) 693-2918
Photo of Lena Berg, Counselor in Bellevue, WA
Lena Berg
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Bellevue, WA 98008
I bring working knowledge and skill to helping you navigate difficult life transitions, navigate healthier relationships, workplace challenges, or questions of meaning and purpose. I welcome working with individuals thirteen years old and up and anyone in the LGBTIQA+ community.
I bring working knowledge and skill to helping you navigate difficult life transitions, navigate healthier relationships, workplace challenges, or questions of meaning and purpose. I welcome working with individuals thirteen years old and up and anyone in the LGBTIQA+ community.
(425) 689-7325 View (425) 689-7325
Photo of David Gaines, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bellevue, WA
David Gaines
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Bellevue, WA 98005
Are you finding yourself stuck? Hopeless? Is your relationship struggling with communication, intimacy and connection? You are not alone. You have taken a courageous step in reaching out. My approach to therapy is collaborative, systemic and strengths based. I am interested in the meaning made from your stories and life experiences. I find it is often in these stories, told to us and by us, that we find meaning and purpose. Unfortunately, not all these stories are desirable.
Are you finding yourself stuck? Hopeless? Is your relationship struggling with communication, intimacy and connection? You are not alone. You have taken a courageous step in reaching out. My approach to therapy is collaborative, systemic and strengths based. I am interested in the meaning made from your stories and life experiences. I find it is often in these stories, told to us and by us, that we find meaning and purpose. Unfortunately, not all these stories are desirable.
(425) 382-8410 View (425) 382-8410
Photo of Specialized OCD and Anxiety Therapy - Josh Kaplan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bellevue, WA
Specialized OCD and Anxiety Therapy - Josh Kaplan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bellevue, WA 98006
Do you feel caught in a never-ending loop of worries or uncertainty? Maybe you’re troubled by recurrent intrusive thoughts and images? Do certain situations and triggers cause you to freeze up and panic? These, along with depression, are the common concerns my clients present with. Despite their best efforts they can’t seem to find lasting relief. However, there's hope. In my practice, I employ Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), two of the most effective therapies science has given us for overcoming the challenges of Anxiety, OCD, and Depression. I'll help guide you toward peace of mind.
Do you feel caught in a never-ending loop of worries or uncertainty? Maybe you’re troubled by recurrent intrusive thoughts and images? Do certain situations and triggers cause you to freeze up and panic? These, along with depression, are the common concerns my clients present with. Despite their best efforts they can’t seem to find lasting relief. However, there's hope. In my practice, I employ Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), two of the most effective therapies science has given us for overcoming the challenges of Anxiety, OCD, and Depression. I'll help guide you toward peace of mind.
(425) 906-3369 View (425) 906-3369

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Bellevue, WA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Bellevue, WA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress
67% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Premera
55% Regence
52% Aetna

How Therapists in Bellevue, WA see their clients

58% In Person and Online
42% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Bellevue?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.