Therapists in East Dummerston, VT

Photo of Charles Andrew Laurel - Charlie Laurel, LCMHC, Counselor, MS, LCMHC
Charlie Laurel, LCMHC
Counselor, MS, LCMHC
East Dummerston, VT 05346
Not accepting new clients
Being alive in the 21st century is amazing, surely unlike anything that our ancestors experienced, in both stresses and opportunities. We can have a conversation about what it is like for you, trying to live up to your deepest held values in the face of real challenges. I start with the assumption that you have what it takes to move more fully into a vibrant, meaningful life, even during times of great uncertainty. Sometimes life presents challenges that seem overwhelming. Seeking help is a sign of strength in such times.
Being alive in the 21st century is amazing, surely unlike anything that our ancestors experienced, in both stresses and opportunities. We can have a conversation about what it is like for you, trying to live up to your deepest held values in the face of real challenges. I start with the assumption that you have what it takes to move more fully into a vibrant, meaningful life, even during times of great uncertainty. Sometimes life presents challenges that seem overwhelming. Seeking help is a sign of strength in such times.
(802) 613-0021 View (802) 613-0021

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Amy Aiko Hovland, Registered Psychotherapist, MSW
Amy Aiko Hovland
Registered Psychotherapist, MSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
You don’t feel ready for what you’re going through. You may be facing hardship because of gender role non-conformity, capitalist abuses, queerness, poverty, racism, classism, misogyny, ageism, adultism. You are feeling more pain around being marginalized than pride in who you are. The feeling of “not - enough” is your long-time companion. The search for an identity that you can claim with confidence is a source of pain and confusion. You struggle to show-up for yourself in the face of perfectionism and White Body Supremacy that erases and destroys your uniqueness. You’ve frequently felt yourself to be an imposter.
You don’t feel ready for what you’re going through. You may be facing hardship because of gender role non-conformity, capitalist abuses, queerness, poverty, racism, classism, misogyny, ageism, adultism. You are feeling more pain around being marginalized than pride in who you are. The feeling of “not - enough” is your long-time companion. The search for an identity that you can claim with confidence is a source of pain and confusion. You struggle to show-up for yourself in the face of perfectionism and White Body Supremacy that erases and destroys your uniqueness. You’ve frequently felt yourself to be an imposter.
(802) 222-0436 View (802) 222-0436
Photo of Ted Walls, Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Ted Walls
Counselor, MA, LCMHC
4 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
My practice is dedicated to the idea that there is a warm compassionate presence alive in each of us that is capable of holding our most difficult experiences and healing our deepest wounds. My goal is to help clients begin to identify and change the habitual patterns of reactivity that may be clouding their lives and relationships, become more relaxed and mindful about their emotions and motivations, and find greater clarity in the actions they take. I strive to provide a warm and inviting environment that supports personal growth, self-acceptance, and healing.
My practice is dedicated to the idea that there is a warm compassionate presence alive in each of us that is capable of holding our most difficult experiences and healing our deepest wounds. My goal is to help clients begin to identify and change the habitual patterns of reactivity that may be clouding their lives and relationships, become more relaxed and mindful about their emotions and motivations, and find greater clarity in the actions they take. I strive to provide a warm and inviting environment that supports personal growth, self-acceptance, and healing.
(802) 659-3798 View (802) 659-3798
Photo of Jacqueline Diaz Maldonado, Counselor, LMHC MA, LMHC CT, LMHC VT, LMHC NV, LPC/JD
Jacqueline Diaz Maldonado
Counselor, LMHC MA, LMHC CT, LMHC VT, LMHC NV, LPC/JD
Online Only
Telehealth sessions only. Attachment Focus EMDR, Creative Arts EMDR, Internal Family Systems, ACT, Schema Therapy, Child Work, Integral Deep Listening, Ego States, DBT, STAIR among others. I offer dating, premarital, couples and Family Counseling. If you are looking understand and manage traumatic experiences, child wounds and to improve your relationships I am here to help you go deep into those problems. I offer supportive counseling using Christian concepts and ! accept clients of all religions and beliefs. Hypnosis services ( check your insurance and condition first). I treat sleep disorders using CBTI, MBTI and ACT .
Telehealth sessions only. Attachment Focus EMDR, Creative Arts EMDR, Internal Family Systems, ACT, Schema Therapy, Child Work, Integral Deep Listening, Ego States, DBT, STAIR among others. I offer dating, premarital, couples and Family Counseling. If you are looking understand and manage traumatic experiences, child wounds and to improve your relationships I am here to help you go deep into those problems. I offer supportive counseling using Christian concepts and ! accept clients of all religions and beliefs. Hypnosis services ( check your insurance and condition first). I treat sleep disorders using CBTI, MBTI and ACT .
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Photo of Loren Cole, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Loren Cole
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Brattleboro, VT 05301
I am a licensed clinical social worker with extensive clinical training and experience with individuals, families and groups specializing in the areas of infertility, pregnancy related losses, challenging pregnancies, traumatic birth experiences, balancing career and family, the identity transformation that comes with parenthood and postpartum adjustment.
I am a licensed clinical social worker with extensive clinical training and experience with individuals, families and groups specializing in the areas of infertility, pregnancy related losses, challenging pregnancies, traumatic birth experiences, balancing career and family, the identity transformation that comes with parenthood and postpartum adjustment.
(802) 257-4555 x2 View (802) 257-4555 x2
Photo of David Tomasi, Psychologist, DSc HC, PhD, EdD-PhD, MMed, MCS
David Tomasi
Psychologist, DSc HC, PhD, EdD-PhD, MMed, MCS
Online Only
Welcome! I am glad you were able to find this page, as asking for help can be very difficult. I believe in the beauty, the truth, and the wonderful potential existing in each and everyone of us. I am committed to foster this source, in order to help your beautiful self find its proper place, role, and meaning in life. In my practice I focus on multiple life and mental health challenges with a strong emphasis on solid evidence-based science, philosophy, spirituality, and religion (I am open and supportive of all backgrounds), as well as integrative, empathetic, and personalized approaches to healthcare.
Welcome! I am glad you were able to find this page, as asking for help can be very difficult. I believe in the beauty, the truth, and the wonderful potential existing in each and everyone of us. I am committed to foster this source, in order to help your beautiful self find its proper place, role, and meaning in life. In my practice I focus on multiple life and mental health challenges with a strong emphasis on solid evidence-based science, philosophy, spirituality, and religion (I am open and supportive of all backgrounds), as well as integrative, empathetic, and personalized approaches to healthcare.
(802) 444-8205 View (802) 444-8205
Photo of Susan Wilcox, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Susan Wilcox
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Online Only
I specialize in supporting people seeking relief from relational trauma, anxiety and PTSD. Whether you wish to shift a pattern of behavior that isn't serving you or you want to feel more at ease. I often work with people navigating challenging relationships and family dynamics. I am certified in EMDR through EMDRIA.
I specialize in supporting people seeking relief from relational trauma, anxiety and PTSD. Whether you wish to shift a pattern of behavior that isn't serving you or you want to feel more at ease. I often work with people navigating challenging relationships and family dynamics. I am certified in EMDR through EMDRIA.
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Photo of Jim Ostendarp, Counselor, LCMHC, LMHC
Jim Ostendarp
Counselor, LCMHC, LMHC
Online Only
Prior to treatment, we struggle with mental health issues by fighting or ignoring the parts of us experiencing those problems. Eventually we learn that doing so only results in those problems becoming stronger and louder. Instead, I often begin therapy by teaching skills that can improve resilience to stress and quickly bring relief. Then we become curious about the parts of us that are struggling so that we can understand what they need from us in order to better take care of them. Mindful curiosity leads to understanding, understanding leads to compassion, and compassion heals.
Prior to treatment, we struggle with mental health issues by fighting or ignoring the parts of us experiencing those problems. Eventually we learn that doing so only results in those problems becoming stronger and louder. Instead, I often begin therapy by teaching skills that can improve resilience to stress and quickly bring relief. Then we become curious about the parts of us that are struggling so that we can understand what they need from us in order to better take care of them. Mindful curiosity leads to understanding, understanding leads to compassion, and compassion heals.
(413) 287-8233 View (413) 287-8233
Photo of Patty Krasner, Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Patty Krasner
Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Online Only
I've worked as a psychotherapist for over 36 years and I aim to make my office setting a comfortable and safe place for clients to examine their problems, fears, and concerns. I work collaboratively with people to problem solve and understand their needs in psychotherapy.
I've worked as a psychotherapist for over 36 years and I aim to make my office setting a comfortable and safe place for clients to examine their problems, fears, and concerns. I work collaboratively with people to problem solve and understand their needs in psychotherapy.
(802) 579-7341 View (802) 579-7341
Photo of Lani Gerrard, Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Lani Gerrard
Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Online Only
Welcome! You took the first steps to find support, and I'll be happy to help you on your wellness journey. I provide collaborative, respectful psychotherapy for adults struggling with a variety of concerns including: anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, persistent negative beliefs, and emotions that are overwhelming and/or confusing. My clients often find that they get relief from the patterns and symptoms they've had for years. I have a B.A. in Psychology and a M.A. in Mental Health Counseling and Behavioral Medicine. I have 17 years experience working with adults, children and families. I am currently only seeing adults.
Welcome! You took the first steps to find support, and I'll be happy to help you on your wellness journey. I provide collaborative, respectful psychotherapy for adults struggling with a variety of concerns including: anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, persistent negative beliefs, and emotions that are overwhelming and/or confusing. My clients often find that they get relief from the patterns and symptoms they've had for years. I have a B.A. in Psychology and a M.A. in Mental Health Counseling and Behavioral Medicine. I have 17 years experience working with adults, children and families. I am currently only seeing adults.
(802) 242-8019 View (802) 242-8019
Photo of N. Arielle Cohn, Counselor, MS
N. Arielle Cohn
Counselor, MS
5 Endorsed
Bellows Falls, VT 05101
Waitlist for new clients
Drawing from evidence-based and holistic therapy practices, I support people of all ages, children, teens, families and adults, in handling stress, emotions, distressing thoughts, and limiting beliefs. As you move towards your values and goals through mind-body-based treatments, you will develop self-kindness, acceptance, inner strength, improved communication, boundaries, and empowerment along the way. Whether you are navigating challenging relationships, difficult life circumstances, life transitions, grief, loss, trauma, anxiety, depression, suffering, or a desire to change your lifestyle or career, I will meet you where you are.
Drawing from evidence-based and holistic therapy practices, I support people of all ages, children, teens, families and adults, in handling stress, emotions, distressing thoughts, and limiting beliefs. As you move towards your values and goals through mind-body-based treatments, you will develop self-kindness, acceptance, inner strength, improved communication, boundaries, and empowerment along the way. Whether you are navigating challenging relationships, difficult life circumstances, life transitions, grief, loss, trauma, anxiety, depression, suffering, or a desire to change your lifestyle or career, I will meet you where you are.
(802) 823-8944 View (802) 823-8944
Photo of Samantha Staelens, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Samantha Staelens
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Guilford, VT 05301
Are you looking for non-traditional therapeutic support? I am a Clinical Social Worker certified in the EAGALA model of Equine Psychotherapy. This model is about horses helping people, and anything you can work on in other therapies you can work on with EAGALA. I practice out of Stage Road Farm in Guilford, Vermont, where we take a team approach to supporting your mental health. Our team includes a Mental Health Professional (me), an Equine Specialist, and of course our four legged partners. Note: I am accepting new clients for individual therapy- telehealth only at this time.
Are you looking for non-traditional therapeutic support? I am a Clinical Social Worker certified in the EAGALA model of Equine Psychotherapy. This model is about horses helping people, and anything you can work on in other therapies you can work on with EAGALA. I practice out of Stage Road Farm in Guilford, Vermont, where we take a team approach to supporting your mental health. Our team includes a Mental Health Professional (me), an Equine Specialist, and of course our four legged partners. Note: I am accepting new clients for individual therapy- telehealth only at this time.
(802) 810-8808 View (802) 810-8808
Photo of Michaela Hearst, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Michaela Hearst
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Navigating today's world is not easy, and it takes courage to ask for help. I believe in meeting people where they are and providing them with a virtual space to be their authentic selves. Figuring out who we are is a lifelong journey, and I am here to support you along the way.
Navigating today's world is not easy, and it takes courage to ask for help. I believe in meeting people where they are and providing them with a virtual space to be their authentic selves. Figuring out who we are is a lifelong journey, and I am here to support you along the way.
(802) 520-1048 View (802) 520-1048
Photo of Jennifer A Tattersall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCDP, CBIS
Jennifer A Tattersall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCDP, CBIS
3 Endorsed
West Dover, VT 05356
Despite difficulties in life, I believe people have an amazing amount of resilience and strength. I work to enhance their strength that gets lost when overwhelmed by challenges. Using multiple modalities, individuals move beyond their old story and into the life they desire. I have heard from clients that "therapy has never helped me" and clients of mine have achieved their goals. I have specialty training with trauma which, by definition is "a deeply distressing or disturbing experience". I assist people in trusting their innate abilities to make decisions from a healthy perspective.
Despite difficulties in life, I believe people have an amazing amount of resilience and strength. I work to enhance their strength that gets lost when overwhelmed by challenges. Using multiple modalities, individuals move beyond their old story and into the life they desire. I have heard from clients that "therapy has never helped me" and clients of mine have achieved their goals. I have specialty training with trauma which, by definition is "a deeply distressing or disturbing experience". I assist people in trusting their innate abilities to make decisions from a healthy perspective.
(860) 946-4120 View (860) 946-4120
Photo of Elaina Denney - Inner Bridges Counseling, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC
Inner Bridges Counseling
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC
1 Endorsed
Brattleboro, VT 05301
I have a background in Transpersonal Psychology, this means moving through difficult life experiences and transforming these to inhabit your highest potential. I have experience working with Uniformed Service Personal, with anxiety, depression, and trauma using EMDR. I facilitate groups in meditation and breath-work to provide tools for anxiety and depression. If you are looking for help with traumatic memories triggering anxiety and depression; seeking greater motivation and self-discipline; seeking help to move through difficult life transitions, divorce, grief, and loss; or simply desiring deepened presence in the here and now.
I have a background in Transpersonal Psychology, this means moving through difficult life experiences and transforming these to inhabit your highest potential. I have experience working with Uniformed Service Personal, with anxiety, depression, and trauma using EMDR. I facilitate groups in meditation and breath-work to provide tools for anxiety and depression. If you are looking for help with traumatic memories triggering anxiety and depression; seeking greater motivation and self-discipline; seeking help to move through difficult life transitions, divorce, grief, and loss; or simply desiring deepened presence in the here and now.
(802) 689-1119 x1 View (802) 689-1119 x1
Photo of Crissy Webster - Crissy Webster Counseling Services LLC, Counselor, MA, LCMHC, NCC
Crissy Webster Counseling Services LLC
Counselor, MA, LCMHC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Springfield, VT 05156
Not accepting new clients
Crissy Webster Counseling Services LLC is a small private practice located in Springfield, VT. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor who holds licensure in the states of VT and NH, as well as nationally certified through the National Board of Certified Counselors. I see clients of all ages. We have a specialty in Juvenile Firesetting Assessments and Treatment, as well as, adult and adolescent anger management. Through my education and experiences, weI also have knowledge in the areas of Family Systems Model, Trauma Informed Education Practices, ARC, HNC, Parent Training, and perform Trauma Informed Mental Health Evaluations.
Crissy Webster Counseling Services LLC is a small private practice located in Springfield, VT. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor who holds licensure in the states of VT and NH, as well as nationally certified through the National Board of Certified Counselors. I see clients of all ages. We have a specialty in Juvenile Firesetting Assessments and Treatment, as well as, adult and adolescent anger management. Through my education and experiences, weI also have knowledge in the areas of Family Systems Model, Trauma Informed Education Practices, ARC, HNC, Parent Training, and perform Trauma Informed Mental Health Evaluations.
(802) 952-8671 View (802) 952-8671
Photo of Helen Schepartz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Helen Schepartz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
This is a very stressful time. My intention as a therapist is to offer a safe, welcoming opportunity for you to explore your challenges, difficulties and hopes. Together we will look at your concerns and how to manage them. We can explore your views of yourself and your life, the meanings you have given things, and other options you might consider. We can develop and practice new skills, and help you move toward greater peace, both within, and in your daily life. We will identify and clarify your personal strengths, resources and sources of inspiration to draw upon during this difficult time, as well as for the future.
This is a very stressful time. My intention as a therapist is to offer a safe, welcoming opportunity for you to explore your challenges, difficulties and hopes. Together we will look at your concerns and how to manage them. We can explore your views of yourself and your life, the meanings you have given things, and other options you might consider. We can develop and practice new skills, and help you move toward greater peace, both within, and in your daily life. We will identify and clarify your personal strengths, resources and sources of inspiration to draw upon during this difficult time, as well as for the future.
(802) 257-0977 View (802) 257-0977
Photo of Giselle Palacios, Registered Psychotherapist, MS
Giselle Palacios
Registered Psychotherapist, MS
Brattleboro, VT 05301
Tambien hablo español! Currently accepting telehealth clients. If you're experiencing chronic stress or danger and feeling constantly overwhelmed, agitated, or shut down, somatic-based therapy might be able to help. These responses are normal and protective, and you can learn to navigate them with compassion to invite more care and connection to your life.
Tambien hablo español! Currently accepting telehealth clients. If you're experiencing chronic stress or danger and feeling constantly overwhelmed, agitated, or shut down, somatic-based therapy might be able to help. These responses are normal and protective, and you can learn to navigate them with compassion to invite more care and connection to your life.
(802) 300-3915 View (802) 300-3915
Photo of Tomi Weinbaum, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Tomi Weinbaum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
I see therapy as a collaboration to support you in connecting with yourself and your needs more deeply. We will work together to reflect on what is and isn’t working, develop understanding and self-compassion for where you’ve been, reimagine what is possible, and build motivation and strategies to lean into who you want to be. Our work will integrate elements of many therapeutic approaches including CBT, self-compassion, ACT, motivational interviewing, solution-focused brief therapy, mindfulness, somatic practice, and parts work.
I see therapy as a collaboration to support you in connecting with yourself and your needs more deeply. We will work together to reflect on what is and isn’t working, develop understanding and self-compassion for where you’ve been, reimagine what is possible, and build motivation and strategies to lean into who you want to be. Our work will integrate elements of many therapeutic approaches including CBT, self-compassion, ACT, motivational interviewing, solution-focused brief therapy, mindfulness, somatic practice, and parts work.
(802) 255-9104 View (802) 255-9104
Photo of Lisa Claire Mendelsund, Counselor, LCMHC
Lisa Claire Mendelsund
Counselor, LCMHC
Brattleboro, VT 05301
Waitlist for new clients
We don't figure it all out on our own. We will each at some point in our lives experience loss, confusion, and overwhelm. In a rapidly-changing world which is increasingly online, human connection is in and of itself a salve and at the heart of healing. There is no wrong time to enter therapy. I strive to create a safe and compassionate place for us to engage in the spirited inquiry of examining our beliefs, values, dreams and hardships.
We don't figure it all out on our own. We will each at some point in our lives experience loss, confusion, and overwhelm. In a rapidly-changing world which is increasingly online, human connection is in and of itself a salve and at the heart of healing. There is no wrong time to enter therapy. I strive to create a safe and compassionate place for us to engage in the spirited inquiry of examining our beliefs, values, dreams and hardships.
(802) 278-6220 View (802) 278-6220

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in East Dummerston, VT

< 10

Therapists in East Dummerston, VT who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Grief
100% Spirituality
100% Trauma and PTSD
100% Divorce

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Cigna and Evernorth
100% Medicaid

How Therapists in East Dummerston, VT see their clients

100% In Person and Online
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in East Dummerston?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.