Therapists in Burlington, VT

Photo of Dawn Traut, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LICSW
Dawn Traut
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LICSW
Burlington, VT 05408
Having a safe, nonjudgmental space, to be yourself, and to reflect, discuss, and learn about your reactions, decisions, and challenges can lead to improved well-being. My psychotherapy practice creates that space in a hopeful, compassionate atmosphere. Psychotherapy is a collaborative process. Between your counseling sessions, you are encouraged to reflect and put new skills and insights into practice. I can weave traditional psychotherapy with mindfulness practices to relieve symptoms, promote self-care, make intentional decisions, and grow. Please email me and I'll be able to answer more quickly.
Having a safe, nonjudgmental space, to be yourself, and to reflect, discuss, and learn about your reactions, decisions, and challenges can lead to improved well-being. My psychotherapy practice creates that space in a hopeful, compassionate atmosphere. Psychotherapy is a collaborative process. Between your counseling sessions, you are encouraged to reflect and put new skills and insights into practice. I can weave traditional psychotherapy with mindfulness practices to relieve symptoms, promote self-care, make intentional decisions, and grow. Please email me and I'll be able to answer more quickly.
(802) 499-2929 View (802) 499-2929
Photo of Courtney Roman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
Courtney Roman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
Burlington, VT 05401
I take an authentic & collaborative approach to therapy, blending Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, mindfulness, and narrative work. My goal is to create a space where you feel truly seen and supported as we make sense of your experiences together. We'll uncover the patterns that may be holding you back and work on practical strategies to help you feel more grounded, empowered, and well. I’m especially passionate about supporting women through the many transitions life throws our way—from fertility struggles and pregnancy to the ups and downs of postpartum and motherhood, as well as, working with young woman on healthy relationships
I take an authentic & collaborative approach to therapy, blending Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, mindfulness, and narrative work. My goal is to create a space where you feel truly seen and supported as we make sense of your experiences together. We'll uncover the patterns that may be holding you back and work on practical strategies to help you feel more grounded, empowered, and well. I’m especially passionate about supporting women through the many transitions life throws our way—from fertility struggles and pregnancy to the ups and downs of postpartum and motherhood, as well as, working with young woman on healthy relationships
(802) 331-3708 View (802) 331-3708
Photo of Kate Stattel, Counselor, MS, LCMHC
Kate Stattel
Counselor, MS, LCMHC
6 Endorsed
Burlington, VT 05401
In my clinical mental health practice, my goal is to support you in cultivating more peace, connection, and joy—honoring what this means to you and your individual experience. With over 15 years in the field, I have found that when one seeks support for the things that aren't working in their life, these things tend to get better. You can improve your world—I am here to walk with you on your path.
In my clinical mental health practice, my goal is to support you in cultivating more peace, connection, and joy—honoring what this means to you and your individual experience. With over 15 years in the field, I have found that when one seeks support for the things that aren't working in their life, these things tend to get better. You can improve your world—I am here to walk with you on your path.
(802) 783-0995 View (802) 783-0995
Photo of Alexandra Rocheleau, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Alexandra Rocheleau
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
My name is Alex Rocheleau, and I am a Licensed Individual Clinical Social Worker. My practice approach involves DBT, CBT, ACT, CPT and Human in Environment Theory. A person-first approach with an emotions focused undertone, you can be sure to know that with me you will learn skills to manage your issues on you own and will walk away from each session knowing more about yourself. I enjoy working with adolescents and adults on several different mental health areas, including anxiety and depression, relationship issues, trauma and PTSD, stress management, personality disorders and self-esteem/self-worth issues.
My name is Alex Rocheleau, and I am a Licensed Individual Clinical Social Worker. My practice approach involves DBT, CBT, ACT, CPT and Human in Environment Theory. A person-first approach with an emotions focused undertone, you can be sure to know that with me you will learn skills to manage your issues on you own and will walk away from each session knowing more about yourself. I enjoy working with adolescents and adults on several different mental health areas, including anxiety and depression, relationship issues, trauma and PTSD, stress management, personality disorders and self-esteem/self-worth issues.
(802) 327-8319 View (802) 327-8319
Photo of Liz Fitzgerald, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
Liz Fitzgerald
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
- - seeing clients virtually in VT, MA and WI - - I provide queer/trans, COVID-cautious, neurodivergent and disordered eating inclusive + affirming therapy to inspire your emotional evolution. Whether you're living with grief, loss, emptiness, low energy, stress, a uniquely complicated past, lack of focus, self-criticism, depleted inspiration, relationship challenges, disability / chronic illness, the harm of oppression, and/or the struggle to find meaning… I invite you to dock your ship in the harbor of your own presence & to seek healing and accompaniment that therapy offers. I would love to walk beside you on your journey!
- - seeing clients virtually in VT, MA and WI - - I provide queer/trans, COVID-cautious, neurodivergent and disordered eating inclusive + affirming therapy to inspire your emotional evolution. Whether you're living with grief, loss, emptiness, low energy, stress, a uniquely complicated past, lack of focus, self-criticism, depleted inspiration, relationship challenges, disability / chronic illness, the harm of oppression, and/or the struggle to find meaning… I invite you to dock your ship in the harbor of your own presence & to seek healing and accompaniment that therapy offers. I would love to walk beside you on your journey!
(413) 288-5804 View (413) 288-5804
Photo of David A Porter, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADC
David A Porter
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADC
Online Only
LEAVE AN EMAIL IN ADDITION TO A PHONE. NOTE MY RETURN PHONE CALL WILL COME UP AS PRIVATE, ANONYMOUS, OR UNLISTED. I help people overcome their addictions, manage anger, depression, and anxiety, and cope with trauma. I offer guidance to those who have family addicted to drugs or alcohol. I am dedicated to improving quality of life for people. I routinely go far above and beyond expectations. I am respectful but very direct and straightforward.
LEAVE AN EMAIL IN ADDITION TO A PHONE. NOTE MY RETURN PHONE CALL WILL COME UP AS PRIVATE, ANONYMOUS, OR UNLISTED. I help people overcome their addictions, manage anger, depression, and anxiety, and cope with trauma. I offer guidance to those who have family addicted to drugs or alcohol. I am dedicated to improving quality of life for people. I routinely go far above and beyond expectations. I am respectful but very direct and straightforward.
(802) 448-8496 x912 View (802) 448-8496 x912
Photo of Jessyca Nellé, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC
Jessyca Nellé
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC
Online Only
Hi, I’m Jessyca Nelle —a licensed clinical mental health counselor with over 15 years of experience supporting children, teens, adults, and families. I am deeply passionate about helping individuals heal from trauma and break cycles that hold them back from living fully. My practice is grounded in compassion, collaboration, and a belief in everyone’s capacity for growth and change. Whether you’re navigating anxiety, family challenges, or the lingering effects of past experiences, I provide a safe, nonjudgmental space where you can feel heard, understood, and empowered to move forward.
Hi, I’m Jessyca Nelle —a licensed clinical mental health counselor with over 15 years of experience supporting children, teens, adults, and families. I am deeply passionate about helping individuals heal from trauma and break cycles that hold them back from living fully. My practice is grounded in compassion, collaboration, and a belief in everyone’s capacity for growth and change. Whether you’re navigating anxiety, family challenges, or the lingering effects of past experiences, I provide a safe, nonjudgmental space where you can feel heard, understood, and empowered to move forward.
(802) 481-3438 View (802) 481-3438
Photo of Robin Fletcher, MA, CMHC
Robin Fletcher
Verified Verified
Online Only
There comes a time in everyone’s life when extra support is necessary to move through hardship. If you have found yourself feeling stuck or afraid, struggling with relationships or your relationship to yourself, I can help.
There comes a time in everyone’s life when extra support is necessary to move through hardship. If you have found yourself feeling stuck or afraid, struggling with relationships or your relationship to yourself, I can help.
View
Photo of Steven Olaf Langehough - Getting Back On Track Counseling / Langehough, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, PhD, LADC
Getting Back On Track Counseling / Langehough
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, PhD, LADC
Burlington, VT 05408
Getting Back On Track Counseling offers multiple decades of familiarity with the issues of substance abuse, faith, marriage & pre-marriage, relationships, military member & family pre-/post-deployment, suicide, trauma, post-traumatic stress, blended families, and stress management. GBOTC strives to assist individuals, couples, and families in moving forward with a strength-based focus. Specialized training includes Addiction Treatment in Military & Veteran Culture, Clinical Supervision in the Addiction Profession, Strong Bonds (marital/significant other/family relationships), and PTSD/trauma resiliency.
Getting Back On Track Counseling offers multiple decades of familiarity with the issues of substance abuse, faith, marriage & pre-marriage, relationships, military member & family pre-/post-deployment, suicide, trauma, post-traumatic stress, blended families, and stress management. GBOTC strives to assist individuals, couples, and families in moving forward with a strength-based focus. Specialized training includes Addiction Treatment in Military & Veteran Culture, Clinical Supervision in the Addiction Profession, Strong Bonds (marital/significant other/family relationships), and PTSD/trauma resiliency.
(802) 992-1610 View (802) 992-1610
Photo of Scott D Simpson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Scott D Simpson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Burlington, VT 05401
Waitlist for new clients
I work primarily with adults and adolescents. This includes family work in support of the individual work, but I do not do ongoing family or couples therapy. I have experience working with a broad range of patients but most of my experience is with difficulties associated with depression, anxiety, trauma (PTSD), problems with expression of anger, and teen/parent conflicts.
I work primarily with adults and adolescents. This includes family work in support of the individual work, but I do not do ongoing family or couples therapy. I have experience working with a broad range of patients but most of my experience is with difficulties associated with depression, anxiety, trauma (PTSD), problems with expression of anger, and teen/parent conflicts.
(802) 858-2216 View (802) 858-2216
Photo of Chip Chamberlain, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADC, NCC
Chip Chamberlain
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADC, NCC
Burlington, VT 05401
Not accepting new clients
Hello! You've just taken one the most courageous steps one can take by acknowledging that you just might benefit from seeking guidance from someone else with the expertise to help walk you further down your path. After 26 years at Centerpoint SAMH Services in South Burlington, VT I am now in private practice where I am specializing in working with Adolescents/Young Adults/Adults and Families /Parents that are struggling with substance use and mental health concerns. One of the first things I will tell you is that I am not going to make you do anything. True recovery is an inside job, but I can help, if you let me.
Hello! You've just taken one the most courageous steps one can take by acknowledging that you just might benefit from seeking guidance from someone else with the expertise to help walk you further down your path. After 26 years at Centerpoint SAMH Services in South Burlington, VT I am now in private practice where I am specializing in working with Adolescents/Young Adults/Adults and Families /Parents that are struggling with substance use and mental health concerns. One of the first things I will tell you is that I am not going to make you do anything. True recovery is an inside job, but I can help, if you let me.
(802) 327-8479 x470 View (802) 327-8479 x470
Photo of Annie M Condon, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCMHC, LADC
Annie M Condon
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCMHC, LADC
Burlington, VT 05401
I currently have openings in my Burlington office. Do you have questions or concerns about your drinking or drug use, or perhaps that of someone else? Have recent events in your life caused you to be sad, confused, or feeling alone? I can provide you with a safe and accepting environment with which to explore these uncomfortable feelings. Together we will make a plan to help you eliminate the shame and secrecy which may keep you from thriving. I will help you to communicate about your beliefs and behaviors in an inquisitive, non-judgemental manner which will aid you in fully realizing your potential.
I currently have openings in my Burlington office. Do you have questions or concerns about your drinking or drug use, or perhaps that of someone else? Have recent events in your life caused you to be sad, confused, or feeling alone? I can provide you with a safe and accepting environment with which to explore these uncomfortable feelings. Together we will make a plan to help you eliminate the shame and secrecy which may keep you from thriving. I will help you to communicate about your beliefs and behaviors in an inquisitive, non-judgemental manner which will aid you in fully realizing your potential.
(802) 424-9315 View (802) 424-9315
Photo of Emiry S Potter, Counselor, MA, LCMHC, LADC, NCC
Emiry S Potter
Counselor, MA, LCMHC, LADC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
I utilize a non-judgmental and collaborative approach in a natural conversational style. My mission is to assist people in increasing their self-knowledge to create positive change.
I utilize a non-judgmental and collaborative approach in a natural conversational style. My mission is to assist people in increasing their self-knowledge to create positive change.
(802) 739-0086 View (802) 739-0086
Photo of Christopher Hills
Christopher Hills
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
The path of healing varies pertaining to each individual. One thing that remains the same for all is that this pathway resides within you. There exists a magical world full of wonder beyond what most have allowed themselves to perceive. The key to unlocking that world resides within the healing itself. Great magnificence awaits any individual when they devote themselves upon the journey home to their own heart. I am here to assist you to move through old painful patterns and beliefs that no longer serve you. I am happy to be of assistance along your journey of healing so that you can restore your passion and live a life of joy.
The path of healing varies pertaining to each individual. One thing that remains the same for all is that this pathway resides within you. There exists a magical world full of wonder beyond what most have allowed themselves to perceive. The key to unlocking that world resides within the healing itself. Great magnificence awaits any individual when they devote themselves upon the journey home to their own heart. I am here to assist you to move through old painful patterns and beliefs that no longer serve you. I am happy to be of assistance along your journey of healing so that you can restore your passion and live a life of joy.
(802) 659-3659 View (802) 659-3659
Photo of Beth Aubin [Robbins], Psychologist, PsyD
Beth Aubin [Robbins]
Psychologist, PsyD
Burlington, VT 05401
I am an experienced licensed doctoral psychologist with the privilege of practicing for the past 20 years in Vermont. I am psychodynamically trained and have had extensive training in CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) and DBT (dialectical behavioral therapy). Most importantly you will experience me as interpersonally connected and client centered. Whether it be engaging in psychotherapy, supervision, consultation or training, it is a collaborative process combining your goals and needs with my expertise and experience to help you get where you want to be. You can expect solid support and also expect to be challenged in ways that foster growth.
I am an experienced licensed doctoral psychologist with the privilege of practicing for the past 20 years in Vermont. I am psychodynamically trained and have had extensive training in CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) and DBT (dialectical behavioral therapy). Most importantly you will experience me as interpersonally connected and client centered. Whether it be engaging in psychotherapy, supervision, consultation or training, it is a collaborative process combining your goals and needs with my expertise and experience to help you get where you want to be. You can expect solid support and also expect to be challenged in ways that foster growth.
(802) 613-0262 View (802) 613-0262
Photo of Ashley Goguen, Counselor, LCMHC
Ashley Goguen
Counselor, LCMHC
1 Endorsed
Burlington, VT 05401
Not accepting new clients
Noticing you feel more anxious, depressed, or disconnected is a sign you want something to change, but getting started is overwhelming. You've likely tried many things on your quest to feel better, but ultimately feel stuck; your relationships with yourself and others remain fraught. Learning to witness, accept, and even appreciate the parts of yourself you’ve unconsciously cast aside can create an environment where lasting change is possible. Therapy is an opportunity to facilitate this painful and rewarding process of coming home to yourself.
Noticing you feel more anxious, depressed, or disconnected is a sign you want something to change, but getting started is overwhelming. You've likely tried many things on your quest to feel better, but ultimately feel stuck; your relationships with yourself and others remain fraught. Learning to witness, accept, and even appreciate the parts of yourself you’ve unconsciously cast aside can create an environment where lasting change is possible. Therapy is an opportunity to facilitate this painful and rewarding process of coming home to yourself.
(802) 200-2876 View (802) 200-2876
Photo of Jacob Rosenthal - The Gift Of Healing, Counselor, MA, LCMHC
The Gift Of Healing
Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Burlington, VT 05401
My ideal client would be someone who wants to grow, is willing to touch his or her own pain and at his/her own pace is willing to change. We all come with our own “story”. I do believe that through personal growth we can change it - understanding that it is only a story. We are the main actor and editor of ourself and this story that is being called ”my life”. Through therapy we can learn how to take ownership and responsibility and replace it with a more satisfying and successful version of ourselves
My ideal client would be someone who wants to grow, is willing to touch his or her own pain and at his/her own pace is willing to change. We all come with our own “story”. I do believe that through personal growth we can change it - understanding that it is only a story. We are the main actor and editor of ourself and this story that is being called ”my life”. Through therapy we can learn how to take ownership and responsibility and replace it with a more satisfying and successful version of ourselves
(802) 409-2482 View (802) 409-2482
Photo of Cara M Moorby, Counselor, LCMHC, CYT
Cara M Moorby
Counselor, LCMHC, CYT
1 Endorsed
Burlington, VT 05401
Not accepting new clients
I work with women and couples who are interested in a therapeutic approach that honors the four dimensions of self: mind, body, heart and spirit. I weave traditional psychological approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy with more spiritual and holistic modalities such as yoga, mindfulness, and the 4-D Wheel. I have expertise in treating anxiety, depression and other mood related challenges. Additionally, I have a special interest in perinatal women's health and supporting couples working through perinatal adjustments and transitions.
I work with women and couples who are interested in a therapeutic approach that honors the four dimensions of self: mind, body, heart and spirit. I weave traditional psychological approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy with more spiritual and holistic modalities such as yoga, mindfulness, and the 4-D Wheel. I have expertise in treating anxiety, depression and other mood related challenges. Additionally, I have a special interest in perinatal women's health and supporting couples working through perinatal adjustments and transitions.
(802) 428-4199 View (802) 428-4199
Photo of Caroline O'Connor - Caroline O'Connor Supervision & Counseling , Counselor, LCMHC
Caroline O'Connor Supervision & Counseling
Counselor, LCMHC
3 Endorsed
Burlington, VT 05401
Not accepting new clients
Welcome! I currently have openings for supervisees who are acquiring the necessary hours for state licensure. I also have limited openings for couples' workshops or intensives, or those interested in holistic healing retreats. I help clients with deepening their understanding of themselves and their patterns. I offer guidance and support with relational issues, anxiety, personal transitions, and suppressed creativity & vitality. While working together, we may focus on thought processes, feelings and mindfulness, in order to support positive relationships, emotional health, and increased awareness & empowerment.
Welcome! I currently have openings for supervisees who are acquiring the necessary hours for state licensure. I also have limited openings for couples' workshops or intensives, or those interested in holistic healing retreats. I help clients with deepening their understanding of themselves and their patterns. I offer guidance and support with relational issues, anxiety, personal transitions, and suppressed creativity & vitality. While working together, we may focus on thought processes, feelings and mindfulness, in order to support positive relationships, emotional health, and increased awareness & empowerment.
(802) 373-4422 View (802) 373-4422
Photo of T. (Teresa) Yandow, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
T. (Teresa) Yandow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
Accepting New Clients- Accepting Online clients from New York, Massachusetts and Vermont. I work collaboratively with clients in a warm and supportive environment to assist in gaining insight and making changes that enrich life. This includes interpersonal and relational changes, life transitions, school or professional difficulties, and family conflicts. I prefer a solution focused, client centered approach to strengthen internal resources and build new skills. Client focus is ages 18+
Accepting New Clients- Accepting Online clients from New York, Massachusetts and Vermont. I work collaboratively with clients in a warm and supportive environment to assist in gaining insight and making changes that enrich life. This includes interpersonal and relational changes, life transitions, school or professional difficulties, and family conflicts. I prefer a solution focused, client centered approach to strengthen internal resources and build new skills. Client focus is ages 18+
(802) 613-0581 View (802) 613-0581

See more therapy options for Burlington

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Burlington, VT

900+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Burlington, VT who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
86% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Stress
69% Trauma and PTSD
68% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% BlueCross and BlueShield
55% Medicaid
49% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Burlington, VT see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

73% Female
22% Male
5% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Burlington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.