Therapists in Naperville, IL

Photo of Luis Carlos Mayolo, Psychologist in Naperville, IL
Luis Carlos Mayolo
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Naperville, IL 60564  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical psychologist providing services to adolescents, adults, couples and families. I have an extensive background working providing consultation and treatment for mood disorders, behavioral disorders, anxiety, OCD, ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorders, and social skill deficits. I earned both my Masters and Doctoral Degrees from Midwestern University in Downers Grove, Illinois. I received my Bachelors Degree from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan. I received my clinical training at Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Hartgrove Hospital, Austin Family Services,
I am a licensed clinical psychologist providing services to adolescents, adults, couples and families. I have an extensive background working providing consultation and treatment for mood disorders, behavioral disorders, anxiety, OCD, ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorders, and social skill deficits. I earned both my Masters and Doctoral Degrees from Midwestern University in Downers Grove, Illinois. I received my Bachelors Degree from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan. I received my clinical training at Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Hartgrove Hospital, Austin Family Services,
(331) 216-1226 View (331) 216-1226
Photo of Heather Beaugard, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Naperville, IL
Heather Beaugard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Naperville, IL 60563
I know how hard it is to want things in your life to change but not know how to change them. You know what your goals are and how you’d like to feel but there doesn’t seem to be a path to get there. Therapy is a great place to share your goals so together we can create a path. I believe many problems start in the past and we can see that best in the present. Frequently we will work together on what’s going on now, in the present, and then work on understanding and resolving the past if you want to explore it.
I know how hard it is to want things in your life to change but not know how to change them. You know what your goals are and how you’d like to feel but there doesn’t seem to be a path to get there. Therapy is a great place to share your goals so together we can create a path. I believe many problems start in the past and we can see that best in the present. Frequently we will work together on what’s going on now, in the present, and then work on understanding and resolving the past if you want to explore it.
(331) 258-1804 View (331) 258-1804
Photo of Timothy Peter Karmik, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Naperville, IL
Timothy Peter Karmik
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Naperville, IL 60564
Tim is a Licensed Social Worker (LSW) who has been working in the mental health field for over 25 years. He received a Master’s in Social Work from Aurora University and is currently a School Social Worker of 20 years, working with middle and high school age students. In addition, Tim is a Youth Mental Health First Aid Instructor and a Virtual Instructional Coach for novice School Social Workers around the state of Illinois. Tim has a collaborative approach, working WITH the individual to build confidence, self-esteem, self-worth, and acceptance for the amazing differences that makes a person who they are.
Tim is a Licensed Social Worker (LSW) who has been working in the mental health field for over 25 years. He received a Master’s in Social Work from Aurora University and is currently a School Social Worker of 20 years, working with middle and high school age students. In addition, Tim is a Youth Mental Health First Aid Instructor and a Virtual Instructional Coach for novice School Social Workers around the state of Illinois. Tim has a collaborative approach, working WITH the individual to build confidence, self-esteem, self-worth, and acceptance for the amazing differences that makes a person who they are.
(630) 448-8282 View (630) 448-8282
Photo of Jacey Keeney, Pre-Licensed Professional in Naperville, IL
Jacey Keeney
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD
Verified Verified
Naperville, IL 60563
Dr. Jacey Keeney, Postdoctoral Fellow, earned her Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, with an emphasis on Health Psychology. She completed her pre-doctoral internship at Penn Medicine, in the Princeton Center for Eating Disorders. Dr. Keeney specializes in treating children, adolescents, young adults, and athletes struggling with eating disorders, anxiety, depression, and life transitions. Dr. Keeney has been under the mentorship of Dr. Paul Mullen on the treatment of children and adolescents since she was an undergraduate student at North Central College in Naperville, Illinois.
Dr. Jacey Keeney, Postdoctoral Fellow, earned her Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, with an emphasis on Health Psychology. She completed her pre-doctoral internship at Penn Medicine, in the Princeton Center for Eating Disorders. Dr. Keeney specializes in treating children, adolescents, young adults, and athletes struggling with eating disorders, anxiety, depression, and life transitions. Dr. Keeney has been under the mentorship of Dr. Paul Mullen on the treatment of children and adolescents since she was an undergraduate student at North Central College in Naperville, Illinois.
(331) 244-5280 View (331) 244-5280
Photo of Michele L Petersmark, Licensed Professional Counselor in Naperville, IL
Michele L Petersmark
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Naperville, IL 60563  (Online Only)
Life is challenging. Within the context of supportive relationships and with sincere efforts, people can thrive. I am here to be part of that support. My goal is to provide you with a safe, nonjudgmental space to explore. Finding your true potential and living a fulfilled life is want I want for others. I work with a diverse clientele.
Life is challenging. Within the context of supportive relationships and with sincere efforts, people can thrive. I am here to be part of that support. My goal is to provide you with a safe, nonjudgmental space to explore. Finding your true potential and living a fulfilled life is want I want for others. I work with a diverse clientele.
(331) 231-2401 View (331) 231-2401
Photo of Anne Krick, Psychologist in Naperville, IL
Anne Krick
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Naperville, IL 60563  (Online Only)
Dr. Anne Krick is a Clinical Psychologist with 32 years of experience working in individual, couples and group modalities. Her professional experience includes work in a mental health clinic, a woman’s shelter, and a Christian Counseling organization as well as work in a general therapy practice providing help for anxiety, depression, and anger management.
Dr. Anne Krick is a Clinical Psychologist with 32 years of experience working in individual, couples and group modalities. Her professional experience includes work in a mental health clinic, a woman’s shelter, and a Christian Counseling organization as well as work in a general therapy practice providing help for anxiety, depression, and anger management.
(331) 204-1634 View (331) 204-1634
Photo of Donna Lettieri-Marks, Psychologist in Naperville, IL
Donna Lettieri-Marks
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Naperville, IL 60540
I work with clients 18 years of age or older for individual or couples counseling/psychotherapy. I enjoy and work well with both men and women in individual or couples counseling & therapy. I provide diagnosis and treatment for the full range of cognitive-behavioral-emotional and relational issues or symptomatology that may emerge in life. I also work with those who wish to increase self-confidence, achieve personal growth and restore or create a fulfilling marriage or intimate relationship. I focus on educating couples and facilitating a co-creative process that restores and promotes constructive communication, effective partnering and intimacy.
I work with clients 18 years of age or older for individual or couples counseling/psychotherapy. I enjoy and work well with both men and women in individual or couples counseling & therapy. I provide diagnosis and treatment for the full range of cognitive-behavioral-emotional and relational issues or symptomatology that may emerge in life. I also work with those who wish to increase self-confidence, achieve personal growth and restore or create a fulfilling marriage or intimate relationship. I focus on educating couples and facilitating a co-creative process that restores and promotes constructive communication, effective partnering and intimacy.
(630) 503-7546 View (630) 503-7546
Photo of Karen Hill-Davis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Naperville, IL
Karen Hill-Davis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Naperville, IL 60540  (Online Only)
My name is Karen Hill-Davis. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Illinois with over 20 years of experience helping individuals and families cope with a variety of challenges that life has presented them with.
My name is Karen Hill-Davis. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Illinois with over 20 years of experience helping individuals and families cope with a variety of challenges that life has presented them with.
(630) 686-7434 View (630) 686-7434
Photo of Dr. Christine McGrath, Psychologist in Naperville, IL
Dr. Christine McGrath
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Naperville, IL 60563
Dr. McGrath is an experienced clinician with over a decade of successfully working with children, adolescents, and adults with a variety of concerns. Her clinical experience is expansive. She has led social skills groups for pre-adolescent and adolescent boys and girls; conducted ADHD assessments and psychological evaluations; administered intelligence screenings for gifted children, and has led grief and bereavement groups for adolescents in private and public schools. In addition, she has taught undergraduate courses at Wheaton College.
Dr. McGrath is an experienced clinician with over a decade of successfully working with children, adolescents, and adults with a variety of concerns. Her clinical experience is expansive. She has led social skills groups for pre-adolescent and adolescent boys and girls; conducted ADHD assessments and psychological evaluations; administered intelligence screenings for gifted children, and has led grief and bereavement groups for adolescents in private and public schools. In addition, she has taught undergraduate courses at Wheaton College.
(630) 230-1975 View (630) 230-1975
Photo of Carol Folisi, Counselor in Naperville, IL
Carol Folisi
Counselor, LCPC, CADC, CEAP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Naperville, IL 60564
Not accepting new clients
I have been a therapist for over 25 years and I have significant experience gained from a variety of treatment milieus. I am a certified addictions counselor as well as a certified employee assistance professional. My treatment approach is cognitive in nature, however, I utilize other treatment modalities and as dictated by client needs at the time. I am experienced in individual, couples, adolescent and family counseling over a multiple of treatment issues.
I have been a therapist for over 25 years and I have significant experience gained from a variety of treatment milieus. I am a certified addictions counselor as well as a certified employee assistance professional. My treatment approach is cognitive in nature, however, I utilize other treatment modalities and as dictated by client needs at the time. I am experienced in individual, couples, adolescent and family counseling over a multiple of treatment issues.
(630) 755-6276 View (630) 755-6276
Photo of Laura J Wolfe, Counselor in Naperville, IL
Laura J Wolfe
Counselor, MSEd, LCPC
Verified Verified
Naperville, IL 60540
An Invitation to come as you are...Sometimes it's easy to forget or move away from who you are and your story. There are many life circumstances that may impact and influence how you feel about and perceive yourself as well as others. Shame, guilt, fear, anxiety, anger, disappointment, sadness, illness, grief, loss and broken relationships are a part of many peoples' life stories yet sometimes it can be difficult to accept those parts of one's journey. I invite you to come with all the pieces of who you are and share your story.
An Invitation to come as you are...Sometimes it's easy to forget or move away from who you are and your story. There are many life circumstances that may impact and influence how you feel about and perceive yourself as well as others. Shame, guilt, fear, anxiety, anger, disappointment, sadness, illness, grief, loss and broken relationships are a part of many peoples' life stories yet sometimes it can be difficult to accept those parts of one's journey. I invite you to come with all the pieces of who you are and share your story.
(708) 462-4967 View (708) 462-4967
Photo of Sarah Petzold, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Naperville, IL
Sarah Petzold
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Naperville, IL 60563
Hello, my name is Sarah Petzold, and I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor. Therapy can be a daunting process, which is why I approach clients with empathy, warmth, and unconditional support. I prioritize creating a safe, non-judgmental environment for clients to explore thoughts and process difficult emotions. Above all, I am dedicated to providing compassionate and individualized care that meets the specific and unique needs of each client.
Hello, my name is Sarah Petzold, and I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor. Therapy can be a daunting process, which is why I approach clients with empathy, warmth, and unconditional support. I prioritize creating a safe, non-judgmental environment for clients to explore thoughts and process difficult emotions. Above all, I am dedicated to providing compassionate and individualized care that meets the specific and unique needs of each client.
(331) 321-4436 View (331) 321-4436
Photo of Linda Gonzales, Licensed Social Worker in Naperville, IL
Linda Gonzales
Licensed Social Worker, LSW
Verified Verified
Naperville, IL 60564
As a therapist, I look forward to establishing strong working rapport with my clients. I have clinical experience working with children and teens from my years as a school social worker, supporting students and their families in various areas including, but not limited to anxiety, depression, trauma, LGBTQ, and relationship conflicts. I have worked with clients from early elementary school age throughout the lifespan and have personal understanding about the sometimes complex struggles of changing family needs.
As a therapist, I look forward to establishing strong working rapport with my clients. I have clinical experience working with children and teens from my years as a school social worker, supporting students and their families in various areas including, but not limited to anxiety, depression, trauma, LGBTQ, and relationship conflicts. I have worked with clients from early elementary school age throughout the lifespan and have personal understanding about the sometimes complex struggles of changing family needs.
(630) 491-4178 View (630) 491-4178
Photo of Pooja Shah, Psychologist in Naperville, IL
Pooja Shah
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Naperville, IL 60563  (Online Only)
If you are exhausted with trying the same thing over and over, I can help. I will help you identify areas and habits that keep you stuck and learn skills to help you move forward. I tend to be direct and honest with clients and encourage feedback from you as we move forward. If you feel something does not work for you, I am open to switching gears toward what you believe will help you. However, in saying that, I too will be honest with you regarding your progress, strengths, barriers, and hesitations or patterns of behaviors that I observe. I enjoy working with clients who are open to joking, humor, and banter.
If you are exhausted with trying the same thing over and over, I can help. I will help you identify areas and habits that keep you stuck and learn skills to help you move forward. I tend to be direct and honest with clients and encourage feedback from you as we move forward. If you feel something does not work for you, I am open to switching gears toward what you believe will help you. However, in saying that, I too will be honest with you regarding your progress, strengths, barriers, and hesitations or patterns of behaviors that I observe. I enjoy working with clients who are open to joking, humor, and banter.
(331) 215-9767 View (331) 215-9767
Photo of The Affirmary, Counselor in Naperville, IL
The Affirmary
Counselor, LCPC, CSFP, CCTP
Verified Verified
Naperville, IL 60540  (Online Only)
Change is difficult and the best way to facilitate it is to approach it with gentleness and compassion. We are in a constant state of having to make decisions and respond with our best ability at every given moment. Many of those decisions may leave us questioning what we did to bring us to the crisis we are feeling today. The crisis may be the reason our relationship with ourselves has become distressed and disconnected.
Change is difficult and the best way to facilitate it is to approach it with gentleness and compassion. We are in a constant state of having to make decisions and respond with our best ability at every given moment. Many of those decisions may leave us questioning what we did to bring us to the crisis we are feeling today. The crisis may be the reason our relationship with ourselves has become distressed and disconnected.
(331) 244-0336 View (331) 244-0336
Photo of Be Counseling LLC, Counselor in Naperville, IL
Be Counseling LLC
Counselor, MSEd, LCPC, RDDP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Naperville, IL 60564
As a dedicated therapist specializing in mindfulness practices, I am passionate about helping individuals find inner peace, cultivate self-awareness, and achieve personal growth. Through the transformative power of mindfulness, my clients gain the tools to manage stress, increase self-compassion, develop healthier coping mechanisms, and experience greater joy and fulfillment in their lives. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, or simply seeking greater self-awareness, I provide a safe and compassionate space for individuals to explore.
As a dedicated therapist specializing in mindfulness practices, I am passionate about helping individuals find inner peace, cultivate self-awareness, and achieve personal growth. Through the transformative power of mindfulness, my clients gain the tools to manage stress, increase self-compassion, develop healthier coping mechanisms, and experience greater joy and fulfillment in their lives. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, or simply seeking greater self-awareness, I provide a safe and compassionate space for individuals to explore.
(630) 672-0963 View (630) 672-0963
Photo of Keren Cardenas, Marriage & Family Therapist in Naperville, IL
Keren Cardenas
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Naperville, IL 60565  (Online Only)
Keren Cardenas has experience in providing therapy to individuals, couples, and families who are struggling to overcome barriers in life. She provides therapeutic cognitive behavioral therapy techniques and strategies to promote the psychological health and wholeness of the clients. Over the years, she has helped individuals achieve their goals by instilling hope. She values collaboration and communication when fostering a therapeutic relationship and believes each client requires personalized treatment. Keren specializes in treating clients with depression, anxiety, postpartum depression, ADHD, and traumas.
Keren Cardenas has experience in providing therapy to individuals, couples, and families who are struggling to overcome barriers in life. She provides therapeutic cognitive behavioral therapy techniques and strategies to promote the psychological health and wholeness of the clients. Over the years, she has helped individuals achieve their goals by instilling hope. She values collaboration and communication when fostering a therapeutic relationship and believes each client requires personalized treatment. Keren specializes in treating clients with depression, anxiety, postpartum depression, ADHD, and traumas.
(872) 278-1753 View (872) 278-1753
Photo of Elizabeth House, Counselor in Naperville, IL
Elizabeth House
Counselor, MS, MAT, MEL, LCPC, CADC
Verified Verified
Naperville, IL 60563  (Online Only)
Every client is unique and deserves an individualized approach to help them live meaningful and purposeful lives. This will result in emotional wellbeing and happiness that may be missing. In my office, you will be met with a non-judgemental, honest, and safe space to be yourself. I have been working with individuals and groups for years.  While working as an educator for 14 years, I advocated for diverse populations, assisted with IEP/504s, completed assessments, and coached parents.  I am a member of ACACI, IMHCA, ICA and the ACA.
Every client is unique and deserves an individualized approach to help them live meaningful and purposeful lives. This will result in emotional wellbeing and happiness that may be missing. In my office, you will be met with a non-judgemental, honest, and safe space to be yourself. I have been working with individuals and groups for years.  While working as an educator for 14 years, I advocated for diverse populations, assisted with IEP/504s, completed assessments, and coached parents.  I am a member of ACACI, IMHCA, ICA and the ACA.
(630) 394-8712 View (630) 394-8712
Photo of Sarah Wahab, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Naperville, IL
Sarah Wahab
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, PEL, LCSW
Verified Verified
Naperville, IL 60563  (Online Only)
Many of us reach a point where we feel stuck in our lives or our relationships. We realize that what we have done in the past to manage stress, to cope, to heal, to move forward is no longer working the way it used to and we need new strategies. As an individual and family therapist who has worked for 6+ years in two diverse metropolitan areas (New York and Chicago), my work has focused on family relationships, identity exploration, adult and adolescent mental health issues, parenting, social skills, grief, loss, and other life traumas.
Many of us reach a point where we feel stuck in our lives or our relationships. We realize that what we have done in the past to manage stress, to cope, to heal, to move forward is no longer working the way it used to and we need new strategies. As an individual and family therapist who has worked for 6+ years in two diverse metropolitan areas (New York and Chicago), my work has focused on family relationships, identity exploration, adult and adolescent mental health issues, parenting, social skills, grief, loss, and other life traumas.
(872) 231-3442 View (872) 231-3442
Photo of John Sorce, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Naperville, IL
John Sorce
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Naperville, IL 60540
Emotions are normal! The difference between feeling anxious or depressed lies in our interpretation of these emotions. I work with children, adolescents and adults for individual or couples counseling. I enjoy working with young people by helping them to understand emotions and what they mean. There are several therapeutic modalities I use including art therapy as a way to connect feelings to behaviors and sports metaphors for visualizing change. Through this process my clients increase self-control and self-esteem. My goal is to reveal the strengths individuals posses even if the current life situation may feel overwhelming.
Emotions are normal! The difference between feeling anxious or depressed lies in our interpretation of these emotions. I work with children, adolescents and adults for individual or couples counseling. I enjoy working with young people by helping them to understand emotions and what they mean. There are several therapeutic modalities I use including art therapy as a way to connect feelings to behaviors and sports metaphors for visualizing change. Through this process my clients increase self-control and self-esteem. My goal is to reveal the strengths individuals posses even if the current life situation may feel overwhelming.
(630) 480-4493 View (630) 480-4493

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Naperville, IL

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Naperville, IL who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
90% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
65% Grief
65% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
70% Aetna
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Naperville, IL see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Naperville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.