Therapists in Tucson, AZ

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Photo of Erica Wagner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Erica Wagner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85718
Talking about problems can be difficult, not to mention taking action to solve them. The change process unfolds when you are listened to and understood. With warmth, humor, interest, and respect, I will help you focus on action steps as well as just talking as you make and maintain contact with your goals and also with your hopes and dreams. To do so I will also help you examine any life patterns, active in the present or originating from the past, that contribute to feeling stuck. Assisting you to bring mindfulness, commitment, and self-compassion into the change process will be my role.
Talking about problems can be difficult, not to mention taking action to solve them. The change process unfolds when you are listened to and understood. With warmth, humor, interest, and respect, I will help you focus on action steps as well as just talking as you make and maintain contact with your goals and also with your hopes and dreams. To do so I will also help you examine any life patterns, active in the present or originating from the past, that contribute to feeling stuck. Assisting you to bring mindfulness, commitment, and self-compassion into the change process will be my role.
(520) 402-1552 View (520) 402-1552
Photo of Christine Heinisch, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Christine Heinisch
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85705
Are you feeling stuck? Past practices and coping that once served the purpose of protecting you from further difficulties, often become obstacles to your well-being as well as interfere with your functioning in relationships and community. When caught in the cycle of stress and / or trauma you may build a narrative that involves blaming of others and / or shaming and blaming yourself. By seeing the contributing biological, psychological, and social factors and by taking responsibility for changing the things you are capable of changing, you begin to successfully navigate obstacles. I am here to help.
Are you feeling stuck? Past practices and coping that once served the purpose of protecting you from further difficulties, often become obstacles to your well-being as well as interfere with your functioning in relationships and community. When caught in the cycle of stress and / or trauma you may build a narrative that involves blaming of others and / or shaming and blaming yourself. By seeing the contributing biological, psychological, and social factors and by taking responsibility for changing the things you are capable of changing, you begin to successfully navigate obstacles. I am here to help.
(520) 413-5873 View (520) 413-5873
Photo of David M. Pennington, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
David M. Pennington
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSc, LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85718  (Online Only)
Are you looking for a confidential and nonjudgemental place to talk? Are you feeling overwhelmed and needing to clarify goals and direction? Are you experiencing a significant life transition or loss? Are you feeling anxiety, depression, low self esteem, abusing substances or engaging in other disturbing behaviors? I can help if you are ready to engage in the counseling process. The potential benefits of this work can be a reduction in troubling physical symptoms, improved self awareness and resilience, emotional growth, improved interpersonal relationships, improved cognitive skills and reduction of self defeating behaviors.
Are you looking for a confidential and nonjudgemental place to talk? Are you feeling overwhelmed and needing to clarify goals and direction? Are you experiencing a significant life transition or loss? Are you feeling anxiety, depression, low self esteem, abusing substances or engaging in other disturbing behaviors? I can help if you are ready to engage in the counseling process. The potential benefits of this work can be a reduction in troubling physical symptoms, improved self awareness and resilience, emotional growth, improved interpersonal relationships, improved cognitive skills and reduction of self defeating behaviors.
(520) 353-2399 View (520) 353-2399
Photo of Sarah Love, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Sarah Love
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85710  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Sarah Love is a psychotherapist offering support to adults who are healing from traumatic relationships. Her approach is calm, collaborative, and warm, honoring the complexity of lived experience. With training in EMDR, trauma-focused CBT, and multisystemic therapy, she also draws from attachment-based, feminist, and psychodynamic interventions.
Sarah Love is a psychotherapist offering support to adults who are healing from traumatic relationships. Her approach is calm, collaborative, and warm, honoring the complexity of lived experience. With training in EMDR, trauma-focused CBT, and multisystemic therapy, she also draws from attachment-based, feminist, and psychodynamic interventions.
(520) 523-7453 View (520) 523-7453
Photo of Shannon L King, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Shannon L King
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, APCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85743  (Online Only)
I promise you that even when it feels like you just can't do it anymore.. you really can! I personally have experienced much of life's hardships but I'm grateful for that because it gave me the opportunity to help others! I love helping people find their passion and understand how to cope through life. I primarily work with narcissistic abuse survivors as well as empaths and HSP's. Understanding how to function in a world that you seemingly don't fit into can be a huge challenge that comes with what seems like, debilitating anxiety, depression, and more. Being an empath myself, I can completely understand and relate to my clients!
I promise you that even when it feels like you just can't do it anymore.. you really can! I personally have experienced much of life's hardships but I'm grateful for that because it gave me the opportunity to help others! I love helping people find their passion and understand how to cope through life. I primarily work with narcissistic abuse survivors as well as empaths and HSP's. Understanding how to function in a world that you seemingly don't fit into can be a huge challenge that comes with what seems like, debilitating anxiety, depression, and more. Being an empath myself, I can completely understand and relate to my clients!
(520) 438-6287 View (520) 438-6287
Photo of Katie Gleason, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Katie Gleason
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85745
Not accepting new clients
My aim is to offer a compassionate, non-judgmental space where you feel supported in your growth. I utilize a range of approaches designed to help you access your own innate ability to heal. Common themes in my work with clients include transforming beliefs and behaviors that are no longer helpful; processing difficult emotions and experiences; and growing a more supportive relationship with self.
My aim is to offer a compassionate, non-judgmental space where you feel supported in your growth. I utilize a range of approaches designed to help you access your own innate ability to heal. Common themes in my work with clients include transforming beliefs and behaviors that are no longer helpful; processing difficult emotions and experiences; and growing a more supportive relationship with self.
(520) 447-4279 View (520) 447-4279
Photo of A Pawsitive Change Counseling, LLC, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
A Pawsitive Change Counseling, LLC
Counselor, LAC, NCC, MSc, BA, EMDRIA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85715
Patients treated at A Pawsitive Change are ready to move forward in their lives in a calm and caring environment. Patients can expect effective treatment for various conditions. Patients may come from a trauma background where EMDR will be helpful or this may be their first time seeking counseling, either way, A Pawsitive Change is a place to start your journey towards a better life. This is a supervised private practice. It is owned and/or managed by a master's level, non-independent licensee, under Board approved clinical supervision, pursuant to A.A.C. R4-211. The Board approved Clinical Supervisor: Linda Ouellette, LPC
Patients treated at A Pawsitive Change are ready to move forward in their lives in a calm and caring environment. Patients can expect effective treatment for various conditions. Patients may come from a trauma background where EMDR will be helpful or this may be their first time seeking counseling, either way, A Pawsitive Change is a place to start your journey towards a better life. This is a supervised private practice. It is owned and/or managed by a master's level, non-independent licensee, under Board approved clinical supervision, pursuant to A.A.C. R4-211. The Board approved Clinical Supervisor: Linda Ouellette, LPC
(520) 214-1363 View (520) 214-1363
Photo of Amanda Labagnara, Marriage & Family Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Amanda Labagnara
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85719  (Online Only)
As a therapist, I strive to provide a safe, supportive, open and affirming space for my clients to explore and develop a greater understanding of themselves. Understanding our past and how it affects our present allows us to begin to incorporate new ways of being that align with our needs and values leading us to live a happier life. In my practice, I aim to provide a safe, respectful, warm and empowering therapeutic environment in which healing and lasting change can be accomplished. I am a passionate listener who uses empathy to assist clients in recognizing and understanding their true potential.
As a therapist, I strive to provide a safe, supportive, open and affirming space for my clients to explore and develop a greater understanding of themselves. Understanding our past and how it affects our present allows us to begin to incorporate new ways of being that align with our needs and values leading us to live a happier life. In my practice, I aim to provide a safe, respectful, warm and empowering therapeutic environment in which healing and lasting change can be accomplished. I am a passionate listener who uses empathy to assist clients in recognizing and understanding their true potential.
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Photo of Kristi Painter, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Kristi Painter
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85704
Not accepting new clients
My passion is helping people connect in healthy ways, healing wounds that prevent us from living full lives and becoming our whole selves. Childhood abuse, attachment struggles, codependency, and dysfunctional family systems can leave us hurt and guarded, but we can overcome these wounds. We can find love within ourselves, we can connect in healthy ways, and this is something we deserve in our lives. My hope is for you to live a beautiful life, accepting yourself, allowing yourself to be loved. I believe I have tools to assist you in this journey and would be honored to be your guide.
My passion is helping people connect in healthy ways, healing wounds that prevent us from living full lives and becoming our whole selves. Childhood abuse, attachment struggles, codependency, and dysfunctional family systems can leave us hurt and guarded, but we can overcome these wounds. We can find love within ourselves, we can connect in healthy ways, and this is something we deserve in our lives. My hope is for you to live a beautiful life, accepting yourself, allowing yourself to be loved. I believe I have tools to assist you in this journey and would be honored to be your guide.
(520) 729-4823 View (520) 729-4823
Photo of Katie Klein, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Katie Klein
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MS, LISAC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85704
I specialize in working with teens, adults, and families with addictions of all types, eating disorders, and body image issues. I also have vast experience working with trauma, life transitions, chronic pain, anxiety disorders, and depression in teens and adults. In addition, I like working with young adults and teens who are facing transitions into adulthood. I believe there is no one-size-fits-all approach to therapy and that healing takes place on all levels- mind, body, and spirit. Nothing has gone wrong in your life to get you to this point of reaching out- we all need help at some point and you deserve to feel better!
I specialize in working with teens, adults, and families with addictions of all types, eating disorders, and body image issues. I also have vast experience working with trauma, life transitions, chronic pain, anxiety disorders, and depression in teens and adults. In addition, I like working with young adults and teens who are facing transitions into adulthood. I believe there is no one-size-fits-all approach to therapy and that healing takes place on all levels- mind, body, and spirit. Nothing has gone wrong in your life to get you to this point of reaching out- we all need help at some point and you deserve to feel better!
(520) 210-7573 View (520) 210-7573
Photo of Lucinda Gray, Psychologist in Tucson, AZ
Lucinda Gray
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85712  (Online Only)
Whether you come to therapy for a tune up or an overhaul, our work usually begins with a crisis, a situation that is causing stress, anxiety or depression. Inner conflict is a signal that you need to make changes in your life; make new decisions. In therapy we will explore factors that are making this time challenging for you. We look for action steps you can take to change the situation. in deeper ongoing work we will explore underlying issues that are affecting your life and your choices. We will work toward healing old wounds and moving into self-forgiveness. what is between you and optimal health, both physical and mental?
Whether you come to therapy for a tune up or an overhaul, our work usually begins with a crisis, a situation that is causing stress, anxiety or depression. Inner conflict is a signal that you need to make changes in your life; make new decisions. In therapy we will explore factors that are making this time challenging for you. We look for action steps you can take to change the situation. in deeper ongoing work we will explore underlying issues that are affecting your life and your choices. We will work toward healing old wounds and moving into self-forgiveness. what is between you and optimal health, both physical and mental?
(520) 500-1130 View (520) 500-1130
Photo of Kathy Bodwell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Kathy Bodwell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85704
Not accepting new clients
My goal is to provide you with a safe and therapeutic environment that will facilitate success in treatment. As a bilingual social worker, I can provide sessions in English/Spanish. I currently work with adults of all ages in outpatient setting that are finding the need for therapeutic interventions to assist with trauma wounds,addiction, anxiety, and depression.
My goal is to provide you with a safe and therapeutic environment that will facilitate success in treatment. As a bilingual social worker, I can provide sessions in English/Spanish. I currently work with adults of all ages in outpatient setting that are finding the need for therapeutic interventions to assist with trauma wounds,addiction, anxiety, and depression.
(520) 263-0778 View (520) 263-0778
Photo of Rahul Kondagunta Sivaprasad, Marriage & Family Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Rahul Kondagunta Sivaprasad
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85742  (Online Only)
I know that therapy can often be a daunting process and finding the right therapist is not always easy. I bring nearly 14 years of therapeutic experience to help you achieve your goals in therapy.
I know that therapy can often be a daunting process and finding the right therapist is not always easy. I bring nearly 14 years of therapeutic experience to help you achieve your goals in therapy.
(520) 639-9894 View (520) 639-9894
Maureen Maxon
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85718
For over years, I have worked successfully with individuals, couples, families, children, adolescents and groups, in private practice and in-hospital, to achieve their therapeutic goals. I offer you a warm, supportive environment where you can safely explore your feelings, thoughts, and problems. I will engage with you in a highly interactive style and provide direct feedback. I especially enjoy working with couples to improve their lives together, and guiding people who are in search of a healthy relationship. I'm ready to help with DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, TRAUMA, RELATIONSHIPS, PTSD, DIVORCE and TRANSITIONS for clients of ALL ages.
For over years, I have worked successfully with individuals, couples, families, children, adolescents and groups, in private practice and in-hospital, to achieve their therapeutic goals. I offer you a warm, supportive environment where you can safely explore your feelings, thoughts, and problems. I will engage with you in a highly interactive style and provide direct feedback. I especially enjoy working with couples to improve their lives together, and guiding people who are in search of a healthy relationship. I'm ready to help with DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, TRAUMA, RELATIONSHIPS, PTSD, DIVORCE and TRANSITIONS for clients of ALL ages.
(520) 441-6949 View (520) 441-6949
Photo of Yvonne C Giordano, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Yvonne C Giordano
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85712  (Online Only)
Are you are looking to be empowered to address issues related to addiction and manage symptoms associated with anxiety, depression, trauma, insomnia, eating disorders, or grief and loss? I can offer you the opportunity to enter into a trusting relationship with a therapist who is skilled and trained, non-judgmental, supportive, validating, and empathetic to their experiences while making their journey into healing and personal growth. I work with adults and adolescents who are culturally and racially diverse, members of the LGBTQIA+ community, veterans, homeless population, those in chronic pain, and members of the Deaf community.
Are you are looking to be empowered to address issues related to addiction and manage symptoms associated with anxiety, depression, trauma, insomnia, eating disorders, or grief and loss? I can offer you the opportunity to enter into a trusting relationship with a therapist who is skilled and trained, non-judgmental, supportive, validating, and empathetic to their experiences while making their journey into healing and personal growth. I work with adults and adolescents who are culturally and racially diverse, members of the LGBTQIA+ community, veterans, homeless population, those in chronic pain, and members of the Deaf community.
(520) 843-1947 View (520) 843-1947
Photo of Leandra Treusch Fifer, Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Leandra Treusch Fifer
Counselor, LPC-S, PMH-C, CCTP, MA, MS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85712
As a compassionate and dedicated LPC I bring a wealth of experience and expertise to my therapeutic practice, with a specialized focus on supporting individuals navigating the complexities of perinatal and postpartum mood and anxiety disorders. My therapeutic approach extends to general anxiety, depression, OCD and personality disorders as well.
As a compassionate and dedicated LPC I bring a wealth of experience and expertise to my therapeutic practice, with a specialized focus on supporting individuals navigating the complexities of perinatal and postpartum mood and anxiety disorders. My therapeutic approach extends to general anxiety, depression, OCD and personality disorders as well.
(520) 729-4861 View (520) 729-4861
Photo of Sarah Thomas-DeWildt, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Sarah Thomas-DeWildt
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85747  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I offer an empathic, non-judgmental approach to anyone needing a supportive, client-centered session, based on your individual needs. My approach is direct and active, targeted to anyone looking to either change certain details of their life or work on personal empowerment. My family therapy focuses on enhancing communication, building stronger connections, and repairing emotional wounds.
I offer an empathic, non-judgmental approach to anyone needing a supportive, client-centered session, based on your individual needs. My approach is direct and active, targeted to anyone looking to either change certain details of their life or work on personal empowerment. My family therapy focuses on enhancing communication, building stronger connections, and repairing emotional wounds.
(520) 502-6192 View (520) 502-6192
Photo of Dr. Diane Fairhurst Ryan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Tucson, AZ
Dr. Diane Fairhurst Ryan
Licensed Professional Counselor, DBH, LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85704
Clients seek counseling for a wide and very personal variety of reasons They may be dealing with issues in their relationships or career; they may be facing life transitions or the demands of a new role, or be faced with life-impacting decisions. Alcohol, drugs, eating disorders, and ADHD may present obstacles for individuals, their partners and their friends and families, impairing connection and threatening stability. Trauma, anxiety, insomnia and physical challenges may create additional barriers.
Clients seek counseling for a wide and very personal variety of reasons They may be dealing with issues in their relationships or career; they may be facing life transitions or the demands of a new role, or be faced with life-impacting decisions. Alcohol, drugs, eating disorders, and ADHD may present obstacles for individuals, their partners and their friends and families, impairing connection and threatening stability. Trauma, anxiety, insomnia and physical challenges may create additional barriers.
(520) 214-5490 View (520) 214-5490
Photo of Michaela Conley, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Tucson, AZ
Michaela Conley
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LAMFT, DipACLM, MCHES, NBC-HWC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85710
I believe in the power of connection and the resilience of love. I specialize in couples relationship counseling, my practice offers a compassionate and safe space for partners to explore, understand, and strengthen their bonds. Whether you're navigating communication barriers, facing emotional disconnect, or seeking to rekindle the spark in your relationship, I'm here to guide you through. My approach is rooted in both the Gottman Method & Emotionally Focused Therapy, tailored to address the unique dynamics of your partnership.
I believe in the power of connection and the resilience of love. I specialize in couples relationship counseling, my practice offers a compassionate and safe space for partners to explore, understand, and strengthen their bonds. Whether you're navigating communication barriers, facing emotional disconnect, or seeking to rekindle the spark in your relationship, I'm here to guide you through. My approach is rooted in both the Gottman Method & Emotionally Focused Therapy, tailored to address the unique dynamics of your partnership.
(520) 462-4486 View (520) 462-4486
Photo of Tara Beck, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Tucson, AZ
Tara Beck
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85718
We all struggle in life, at one point or another. The question is how we navigate through that struggle. This is also why we can all use some guidance. I work collaboratively with clients to help them cope with these struggles, meet new goals and live an authentic, meaningful life. The foundation of that life is built on their self-determined values and strengths. I also challenge my clients to grow, seek out their strengths in all aspects of their life and offer them the emotional support and tools necessary to make deep and lasting positive changes.
We all struggle in life, at one point or another. The question is how we navigate through that struggle. This is also why we can all use some guidance. I work collaboratively with clients to help them cope with these struggles, meet new goals and live an authentic, meaningful life. The foundation of that life is built on their self-determined values and strengths. I also challenge my clients to grow, seek out their strengths in all aspects of their life and offer them the emotional support and tools necessary to make deep and lasting positive changes.
(520) 636-7088 View (520) 636-7088

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Tucson, AZ

900+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Tucson, AZ who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
89% Depression
81% Self Esteem
79% Relationship Issues
76% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
67% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
67% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Tucson, AZ see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
18% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Tucson?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.