Therapists in Sacramento, CA

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Photo of Stephanie Barkett in Sacramento, CA
Stephanie Barkett
MS, PPS
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
People seeking help are often looking for real-world guidance and solutions. For 23 years I have worked with couples, families and individuals to do just that. As a coach I will help with identifying goals, building confidence, and increasing your overall happiness by being your best self. You will find a trusting, knowledgeable environment that allows you to freely explore, identify your needs, and create a path to success. My past experience includes marriage and family therapy, school counseling with all ages, domestic violence counseling and currently divorce and custody mediation and life and relationship coaching.
People seeking help are often looking for real-world guidance and solutions. For 23 years I have worked with couples, families and individuals to do just that. As a coach I will help with identifying goals, building confidence, and increasing your overall happiness by being your best self. You will find a trusting, knowledgeable environment that allows you to freely explore, identify your needs, and create a path to success. My past experience includes marriage and family therapy, school counseling with all ages, domestic violence counseling and currently divorce and custody mediation and life and relationship coaching.
(615) 285-5338 View (615) 285-5338
Photo of Kenneth Watkins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Kenneth Watkins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95829
Not accepting new clients
Happiness and success are universal goals. Unfortunately, with all the stress and pressure placed on young people today, many children and adolescents have trouble maintaining hope that these lifelong dreams are attainable. I have spent my time working with the youth and empowering them to gain the tools and strategies needed to self-actualize, unlock their potential, and overcome their circumstances. I have helped guide young athletes who are learning to navigate the educational, social, and emotional aspects of sports. I have supported children caught in the juvenile justice, group home, and foster care systems.
Happiness and success are universal goals. Unfortunately, with all the stress and pressure placed on young people today, many children and adolescents have trouble maintaining hope that these lifelong dreams are attainable. I have spent my time working with the youth and empowering them to gain the tools and strategies needed to self-actualize, unlock their potential, and overcome their circumstances. I have helped guide young athletes who are learning to navigate the educational, social, and emotional aspects of sports. I have supported children caught in the juvenile justice, group home, and foster care systems.
(916) 461-7745 View (916) 461-7745
Photo of Danielle Boudreau, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Danielle Boudreau
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95817  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Hello I am currently taking on a small caseload (Fridays and some weekday evening availability) of Telehealth clients. I specialize in treating trauma and complex PTSD. My previous and current clients would say that I am a very direct and challenging therapist. I utilize empathy, humor and compassion in my therapeutic style as well as helping people tap into their more inner selves to discover their own strengths, needs and desires for recovery. I am a military veteran as well and feel comfortable working with many types of trauma including war, natural disasters, sexual trauma, medical trauma and relational trauma.
Hello I am currently taking on a small caseload (Fridays and some weekday evening availability) of Telehealth clients. I specialize in treating trauma and complex PTSD. My previous and current clients would say that I am a very direct and challenging therapist. I utilize empathy, humor and compassion in my therapeutic style as well as helping people tap into their more inner selves to discover their own strengths, needs and desires for recovery. I am a military veteran as well and feel comfortable working with many types of trauma including war, natural disasters, sexual trauma, medical trauma and relational trauma.
(916) 619-5365 View (916) 619-5365
Photo of Aires Adalim, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Sacramento, CA
Aires Adalim
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
Are you a teen or young adult feeling stuck in life or lost after college? Do you want to build friendships, but don't know where to start, or wish you had a community to share your interests with? Whether you're facing challenges with relationships, career choices, or the uncertainties of post-grad life, I've got your back. My natural optimism and genuine love for connecting with people will help you discover the untapped possibilities in every situation. I can be the person you trust with the fragmented and uncertain parts of yourself, helping you weave together a coherent narrative of healing and self-discovery.
Are you a teen or young adult feeling stuck in life or lost after college? Do you want to build friendships, but don't know where to start, or wish you had a community to share your interests with? Whether you're facing challenges with relationships, career choices, or the uncertainties of post-grad life, I've got your back. My natural optimism and genuine love for connecting with people will help you discover the untapped possibilities in every situation. I can be the person you trust with the fragmented and uncertain parts of yourself, helping you weave together a coherent narrative of healing and self-discovery.
(530) 451-0899 View (530) 451-0899
Photo of Kate Wood O'Malley, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Kate Wood O'Malley
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ATR
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816
When difficult emotions or experiences interfere with our ability to enjoy life, it can be hard to figure out what to do. Therapy begins as a conversation and progresses into a relationship, creating a foundation for exploring present and past difficulties. My therapeutic approaches are trauma informed; I use methodologies that address root cause to shift and heal old patterns, behaviors and challenges. Together we will explore areas where you might feel stuck or lost, uncover internal strengths and build coping strategies for navigating life‘s difficulties.
When difficult emotions or experiences interfere with our ability to enjoy life, it can be hard to figure out what to do. Therapy begins as a conversation and progresses into a relationship, creating a foundation for exploring present and past difficulties. My therapeutic approaches are trauma informed; I use methodologies that address root cause to shift and heal old patterns, behaviors and challenges. Together we will explore areas where you might feel stuck or lost, uncover internal strengths and build coping strategies for navigating life‘s difficulties.
(916) 385-0420 View (916) 385-0420
Photo of Guy E Washington, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Guy E Washington
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95825
Collaboration is always in order when addressing individual differences and needs, since no two people are the same. My approach is to work close with patients utilizing empirically vallidated techniques conveyed in a user friendly manner. Identifying core conflicts, enhancing patient understanding and education,and treating underlying causes, not symptoms, is essential if relief from the distress is to be achieved.
Collaboration is always in order when addressing individual differences and needs, since no two people are the same. My approach is to work close with patients utilizing empirically vallidated techniques conveyed in a user friendly manner. Identifying core conflicts, enhancing patient understanding and education,and treating underlying causes, not symptoms, is essential if relief from the distress is to be achieved.
(916) 913-9186 View (916) 913-9186
Photo of Dr. Marcella Kreysa, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Dr. Marcella Kreysa
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816  (Online Only)
Life can be an overwhelming experience for anyone. Things can become especially challenging when a person feels stressed by circumstances beyond their control. Individuals who come to therapy are often very capable human beings who have experienced something in their life that has left them needing some extra support. Many times people begin therapy feeling down and lost. Through a person's work in therapy, they are often able to find some light on their path to help guide them through the pain. This shift creates an opportunity for a person to improve their day-to-day functioning and overall, they FEEL BETTER!!
Life can be an overwhelming experience for anyone. Things can become especially challenging when a person feels stressed by circumstances beyond their control. Individuals who come to therapy are often very capable human beings who have experienced something in their life that has left them needing some extra support. Many times people begin therapy feeling down and lost. Through a person's work in therapy, they are often able to find some light on their path to help guide them through the pain. This shift creates an opportunity for a person to improve their day-to-day functioning and overall, they FEEL BETTER!!
(916) 764-3544 View (916) 764-3544
Photo of Ray Brown, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Ray Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95819  (Online Only)
I believe our mutual job is to work together to help you find the best ways of dealing effectively with your problem. Sometimes, although we may know the answers to our problems, we have never been taught the skills to implement that knowledge. Part of my job is to use my expertise and education to teach those skills. For example, we may realize we are being misunderstood by others and work hard to be understood, but no matter how hard we try, nothing changes. Teaching communication skills is one of my areas of expertise that may prove useful.
I believe our mutual job is to work together to help you find the best ways of dealing effectively with your problem. Sometimes, although we may know the answers to our problems, we have never been taught the skills to implement that knowledge. Part of my job is to use my expertise and education to teach those skills. For example, we may realize we are being misunderstood by others and work hard to be understood, but no matter how hard we try, nothing changes. Teaching communication skills is one of my areas of expertise that may prove useful.
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Photo of Messina Basta, Associate Clinical Social Worker in Sacramento, CA
Messina Basta
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816  (Online Only)
I’m comfortable working with clients across the lifespan, but I work best with those who have historically felt misunderstood and unheard, and even those that are distrustful of the therapy process. With that in mind, my goal is to make each client feel special and empowered during and after their time with me. I enjoy talking about “hard things” or even “taboo” things, and encourage my clients to use their time with me in whatever way they need. I don’t believe that progress is linear and I am interested in meeting my client where they are with their goals even if the starting point is simply making an appointment and showing up.
I’m comfortable working with clients across the lifespan, but I work best with those who have historically felt misunderstood and unheard, and even those that are distrustful of the therapy process. With that in mind, my goal is to make each client feel special and empowered during and after their time with me. I enjoy talking about “hard things” or even “taboo” things, and encourage my clients to use their time with me in whatever way they need. I don’t believe that progress is linear and I am interested in meeting my client where they are with their goals even if the starting point is simply making an appointment and showing up.
(530) 212-7735 View (530) 212-7735
Photo of Paula Kenney, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Paula Kenney
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95825
So often we compromise our own needs to please someone else. We might have learned to do this as children to get along with our parents and family members. As we move into adulthood, this habit stays with us and can cause us to feel lonely, confused, not good enough, and a sense that something important is missing in our lives.
So often we compromise our own needs to please someone else. We might have learned to do this as children to get along with our parents and family members. As we move into adulthood, this habit stays with us and can cause us to feel lonely, confused, not good enough, and a sense that something important is missing in our lives.
(916) 265-2006 View (916) 265-2006
Photo of Kid Counseling Sacramento, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Kid Counseling Sacramento
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, RPT-S
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95864
When you’re out of ideas and don’t know what to do, give us a call. We are the premier counseling center for children, teens and their caregivers in the Sacramento Valley. Our goal is to transform kids and their families through the power of play, whether they are experiencing normal transitions or really tough times. We believe that children communicate best through play and art. We help challenging kids use their intensity in socially positive and successful ways by teaching coping skills and joining with parents to help their kids. We want to bring joy back to your home!
When you’re out of ideas and don’t know what to do, give us a call. We are the premier counseling center for children, teens and their caregivers in the Sacramento Valley. Our goal is to transform kids and their families through the power of play, whether they are experiencing normal transitions or really tough times. We believe that children communicate best through play and art. We help challenging kids use their intensity in socially positive and successful ways by teaching coping skills and joining with parents to help their kids. We want to bring joy back to your home!
(916) 602-3201 View (916) 602-3201
Photo of Julia Hadricky, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Julia Hadricky
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95827
Not accepting new clients
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with specialization in the treatment of psychological trauma. I understand the deep, core wounds that emotional neglect and/or verbal, physical and sexual abuse inflict. I am here to help you make sense out of what happened, as well as, what didn’t happen but needed to in order for you to feel like a safe, whole, loved and worthwhile human being. I am here to help you heal, to find hope, to claim your own life, and to protect and celebrate your authentic self.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with specialization in the treatment of psychological trauma. I understand the deep, core wounds that emotional neglect and/or verbal, physical and sexual abuse inflict. I am here to help you make sense out of what happened, as well as, what didn’t happen but needed to in order for you to feel like a safe, whole, loved and worthwhile human being. I am here to help you heal, to find hope, to claim your own life, and to protect and celebrate your authentic self.
(916) 536-7180 View (916) 536-7180
Photo of Dulce Camacho, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Dulce Camacho
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95814  (Online Only)
I have extensive experience working with a diverse population specifically with those in the medical setting. I practice a Strength-Based approach to help empower my clients so they can work toward healing and personal growth. I offer a safe environment to help navigate emotional stress. I specialize in anxiety, depression, burnout, and life transitions.
I have extensive experience working with a diverse population specifically with those in the medical setting. I practice a Strength-Based approach to help empower my clients so they can work toward healing and personal growth. I offer a safe environment to help navigate emotional stress. I specialize in anxiety, depression, burnout, and life transitions.
(424) 655-3480 View (424) 655-3480
Photo of Raya Singh, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Sacramento, CA
Raya Singh
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95825
Welcome! As your therapist, I prioritize providing a warm and non-judgmental space to process life experiences. I work from a client-centered foundation where genuineness and warmth are central to healing. I enjoy working with individuals, teens, and couples who want to face and work through difficult problems to enhance their relationships. I have a special interest in grief and loss as well as intergenerational trauma. However, one of my greatest passions is empowering people who struggle with the stigma surrounding mental health and support services, particularly regarding their families and culture.
Welcome! As your therapist, I prioritize providing a warm and non-judgmental space to process life experiences. I work from a client-centered foundation where genuineness and warmth are central to healing. I enjoy working with individuals, teens, and couples who want to face and work through difficult problems to enhance their relationships. I have a special interest in grief and loss as well as intergenerational trauma. However, one of my greatest passions is empowering people who struggle with the stigma surrounding mental health and support services, particularly regarding their families and culture.
(916) 354-6312 View (916) 354-6312
Photo of Jim Adams, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Jim Adams
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816
My approach to psychotherapy is based on a relational model. I have found this model to be necessary for permanent change. How people relate to others is formed in the relationship patterns they experienced as a child. We spend years learning how to behave in certain ways, and it can take some time and effort to learn new ways to interact with others. Further, for lasting change, we must experience new ways of interacting with others; in short, a therapist. If you have questions about how my approach to therapy might be helpful to you, please contact me. Thanks.
My approach to psychotherapy is based on a relational model. I have found this model to be necessary for permanent change. How people relate to others is formed in the relationship patterns they experienced as a child. We spend years learning how to behave in certain ways, and it can take some time and effort to learn new ways to interact with others. Further, for lasting change, we must experience new ways of interacting with others; in short, a therapist. If you have questions about how my approach to therapy might be helpful to you, please contact me. Thanks.
(916) 775-3940 View (916) 775-3940
Photo of Patricia Neufeld, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Patricia Neufeld
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95818
I have worked as a psychotherapist for over 20 years. I meet you where you are, attending to the particular needs and goals you bring, helping you discover more meaning, wholeness, and pleasure in your life. The daily choices we make are often informed by our early life experiences. Despite our best efforts to change, we often find ourselves repeating unwanted patterns over and over. As we sit together, exploring your feelings, your stories, and listening to your dreams and longings, we will find ways you can open yourself up to the possibility of change, finding new energy and meaning.
I have worked as a psychotherapist for over 20 years. I meet you where you are, attending to the particular needs and goals you bring, helping you discover more meaning, wholeness, and pleasure in your life. The daily choices we make are often informed by our early life experiences. Despite our best efforts to change, we often find ourselves repeating unwanted patterns over and over. As we sit together, exploring your feelings, your stories, and listening to your dreams and longings, we will find ways you can open yourself up to the possibility of change, finding new energy and meaning.
(916) 398-2355 View (916) 398-2355
Photo of Haleigh Scott, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Haleigh Scott
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
Waitlist for new clients
Dr. Haleigh Scott is the owner of Ascend Diagnostic & Support Services, a multi-specialty group practice that provides services and supports for people with autism and/or developmental disabilities. We provide support across the lifespan, this includes early intervention (ABA therapy) for young children, IEP support for families, individual and group therapy, and social skills groups for a variety of ages. We operate from a strengths-based approach that seeks to improve individual and family quality of life.
Dr. Haleigh Scott is the owner of Ascend Diagnostic & Support Services, a multi-specialty group practice that provides services and supports for people with autism and/or developmental disabilities. We provide support across the lifespan, this includes early intervention (ABA therapy) for young children, IEP support for families, individual and group therapy, and social skills groups for a variety of ages. We operate from a strengths-based approach that seeks to improve individual and family quality of life.
(916) 824-3522 View (916) 824-3522
Photo of Hypnosis with Jaci and Medical Advocate Services in Sacramento, CA
Hypnosis with Jaci and Medical Advocate Services
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95833
I started my career as a Social Worker over 25 years ago. I assisted individuals from all walks of life with behavioral, psychological and physical conditions and diagnoses. In 2009 I began my private Hypnotherapy Practice. When working with relaxation and hypnosis the exciting part is you are working with the subconscious part of the mind where one can rewire the way they want to feel or don't want to feel in a short period of time. Hypnotherapy is an effective and useful tool for any emotional, physical or behavioral issue/condition that someone wants to rid themselves or manage. Hypnosis also is effective to enhance any area.
I started my career as a Social Worker over 25 years ago. I assisted individuals from all walks of life with behavioral, psychological and physical conditions and diagnoses. In 2009 I began my private Hypnotherapy Practice. When working with relaxation and hypnosis the exciting part is you are working with the subconscious part of the mind where one can rewire the way they want to feel or don't want to feel in a short period of time. Hypnotherapy is an effective and useful tool for any emotional, physical or behavioral issue/condition that someone wants to rid themselves or manage. Hypnosis also is effective to enhance any area.
(916) 775-8395 View (916) 775-8395
Photo of Cheri Mood, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Cheri Mood
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816
Waitlist for new clients
Whether you're struggling with relationship issues, or feelings of depression and anxiety, psychotherapy can be an invaluable tool on your journey to personal growth. Therapy provides a safe environment to heal from unresolved past issues or deal with current life stressors. My hope is to help you gain more insight, improve your mental health, and live a more meaningful life.
Whether you're struggling with relationship issues, or feelings of depression and anxiety, psychotherapy can be an invaluable tool on your journey to personal growth. Therapy provides a safe environment to heal from unresolved past issues or deal with current life stressors. My hope is to help you gain more insight, improve your mental health, and live a more meaningful life.
(916) 467-8789 View (916) 467-8789
Photo of Abigail Walker, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Abigail Walker
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95811
Welcome, I’m Abby, I’ve always held a firm belief that I am a human first and a therapist second. I am honored to witness other’s journeys and enter the therapeutic space with wonderment and curiosity. I believe we require less fixing and more untangling from our problem stories. In my practice I come from a place of authenticity and deeply value the alliance that is formed between myself and who I am working with. I am person centered and prioritize the desired outcomes that bring people to see me. I invite people to show up fully as they are and it is my job to provide a safe space where folks can be fully seen, heard and valued.
Welcome, I’m Abby, I’ve always held a firm belief that I am a human first and a therapist second. I am honored to witness other’s journeys and enter the therapeutic space with wonderment and curiosity. I believe we require less fixing and more untangling from our problem stories. In my practice I come from a place of authenticity and deeply value the alliance that is formed between myself and who I am working with. I am person centered and prioritize the desired outcomes that bring people to see me. I invite people to show up fully as they are and it is my job to provide a safe space where folks can be fully seen, heard and valued.
(916) 229-6865 View (916) 229-6865

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sacramento, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Sacramento, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
70% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

68% Aetna
62% Cigna and Evernorth
60% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Sacramento, CA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sacramento?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.