Therapists in Woodbridge, VA

Photo of Charles B Anderson, Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Charles B Anderson
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Online Only
Therapy is an investment in yourself that will provide continuing benefits throughout your life journey. My goal as a therapist is to help remove any obstacles to your achieving fulfillment in your life, career, and relationships as quickly as possible. As a client, I will ask you to join me in a partnership to address your concerns in a safe, confidential, supportive, and accepting environment that values and respects you and your unique path toward spiritual and emotional growth.
Therapy is an investment in yourself that will provide continuing benefits throughout your life journey. My goal as a therapist is to help remove any obstacles to your achieving fulfillment in your life, career, and relationships as quickly as possible. As a client, I will ask you to join me in a partnership to address your concerns in a safe, confidential, supportive, and accepting environment that values and respects you and your unique path toward spiritual and emotional growth.
(571) 604-6671 View (571) 604-6671
Photo of Lindsay Hill - Lindsay Hill-Woodbridge Therapy Group, Pre-Licensed Professional
Lindsay Hill-Woodbridge Therapy Group
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
Woodbridge, VA 22192
I am a transitioning Clinical Mental Health program resident and a Marriage and Family Therapist. I am pursuing my licensure as a licensed mental health clinician. I am a military spouse who has traveled the world and seen many families and soldiers face the struggles and aftermath of combat and the aftereffects of families being separated. I am a mother of four who has coached my children on navigating through the challenges of life development. I am a cancer survivor. I am relatable. I am dedicated to serving this community for those who are battling mental health concerns.
I am a transitioning Clinical Mental Health program resident and a Marriage and Family Therapist. I am pursuing my licensure as a licensed mental health clinician. I am a military spouse who has traveled the world and seen many families and soldiers face the struggles and aftermath of combat and the aftereffects of families being separated. I am a mother of four who has coached my children on navigating through the challenges of life development. I am a cancer survivor. I am relatable. I am dedicated to serving this community for those who are battling mental health concerns.
(571) 556-3799 View (571) 556-3799
Photo of Halle Wendel, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCTP
Halle Wendel
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCTP
Woodbridge, VA 22191
Compassionate, Bilingual Therapist uniquely trained to treat the sensitive needs of the whole person, integrating Spirituality with Psychology in helping you overcome personal obstacles to living your best life! Specializing in IFS, EFT, inner healing, resolving simple and complex marital issues, career changes, midlife and adolescent struggles, treating depression, anxiety, PTSD, sexual abuse and domestic violence. I also offer Clinical Assessments for Immigration Situations dealing with Asylum, Hardship Waivers, U Visa and VAWA cases. Christian Counseling available upon request.
Compassionate, Bilingual Therapist uniquely trained to treat the sensitive needs of the whole person, integrating Spirituality with Psychology in helping you overcome personal obstacles to living your best life! Specializing in IFS, EFT, inner healing, resolving simple and complex marital issues, career changes, midlife and adolescent struggles, treating depression, anxiety, PTSD, sexual abuse and domestic violence. I also offer Clinical Assessments for Immigration Situations dealing with Asylum, Hardship Waivers, U Visa and VAWA cases. Christian Counseling available upon request.
(706) 550-9567 View (706) 550-9567
Photo of Tatiana Lynn Bergstrom - Ellie Mental Health Woodbridge - Tatiana Bergstrom, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, LSATP, EMDR, CCTP
Ellie Mental Health Woodbridge - Tatiana Bergstrom
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, LSATP, EMDR, CCTP
3 Endorsed
Woodbridge, VA 22192
Do you or a loved one struggle with substance abuse or mental health issues...or both? Do you have a history of trauma or low self-esteem and self-worth? If stress, trauma, anxiety or depression is keeping you from living the life you want to live, I am here to help! As your therapist, I will provide an empathic, non-judgmental, and supportive space for you to feel comfortable, where you can process and better understand yourself and your relationships with others.
Do you or a loved one struggle with substance abuse or mental health issues...or both? Do you have a history of trauma or low self-esteem and self-worth? If stress, trauma, anxiety or depression is keeping you from living the life you want to live, I am here to help! As your therapist, I will provide an empathic, non-judgmental, and supportive space for you to feel comfortable, where you can process and better understand yourself and your relationships with others.
(571) 595-3827 View (571) 595-3827
Photo of Lakeisha Todd - Ellie Mental Health Woodbridge - Lakeisha Todd, Pre-Licensed Professional
Ellie Mental Health Woodbridge - Lakeisha Todd
Pre-Licensed Professional
Woodbridge, VA 22192
Hello! I'm Lakeisha Todd, a mental health therapist at Ellie Mental Health's Woodbridge clinic in Northern Virginia. I hold a Master’s degree in Marriage and Family Therapy from Liberty University, and I bring years of experience working with adolescents and adults across a variety of settings. I have supported individuals, couples, and families navigating depression, anxiety, PTSD, grief, life transitions, marital and premarital counseling, and a variety of other challenges and issues. I have immediate availability to see new clients, and I take most insurances!
Hello! I'm Lakeisha Todd, a mental health therapist at Ellie Mental Health's Woodbridge clinic in Northern Virginia. I hold a Master’s degree in Marriage and Family Therapy from Liberty University, and I bring years of experience working with adolescents and adults across a variety of settings. I have supported individuals, couples, and families navigating depression, anxiety, PTSD, grief, life transitions, marital and premarital counseling, and a variety of other challenges and issues. I have immediate availability to see new clients, and I take most insurances!
(703) 386-7654 View (703) 386-7654
Photo of Laura Bell, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Laura Bell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
4 Endorsed
Online Only
As an EMDR Certified therapist and consultant, I am client-focused and work with teenagers, college students and adults. I will be a non judgmental sounding board for all of your challenges. As my client, you will feel heard and accepted. You can walk away from our sessions knowing I believe in your ability to make your life better.
As an EMDR Certified therapist and consultant, I am client-focused and work with teenagers, college students and adults. I will be a non judgmental sounding board for all of your challenges. As my client, you will feel heard and accepted. You can walk away from our sessions knowing I believe in your ability to make your life better.
(571) 200-0830 View (571) 200-0830
Photo of Makaila Sprague - Indelible Changes, LLC (Makaila Sprague), Pre-Licensed Professional, RIC
Indelible Changes, LLC (Makaila Sprague)
Pre-Licensed Professional, RIC
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Our mission is "To empower individuals, couples, and families to break free from the chains that bind them, in order to create present and multi-generational changes that last forever." Indelible means that which cannot be undone; permanent."
Our mission is "To empower individuals, couples, and families to break free from the chains that bind them, in order to create present and multi-generational changes that last forever." Indelible means that which cannot be undone; permanent."
(540) 787-3451 View (540) 787-3451
Photo of Charlyn Taylor Toupin, Licensed Professional Counselor
Charlyn Taylor Toupin
Licensed Professional Counselor
Online Only
Awareness Counseling LLC in Virginia Beach, VA. My educational background consists of a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and a Master's in Clinical Mental Health and Counseling, both from South University, Virginia Beach. This is my second career after spending over 25 years working with the senior population as a therapeutic recreation specialist/nursing/dementia unit director. Counseling has been a deep-seated love all of her life; my philosophy is that all we need is to become self-aware and have the ability to self-reflect, and we are halfway there once we have committed to taking this journey.
Awareness Counseling LLC in Virginia Beach, VA. My educational background consists of a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and a Master's in Clinical Mental Health and Counseling, both from South University, Virginia Beach. This is my second career after spending over 25 years working with the senior population as a therapeutic recreation specialist/nursing/dementia unit director. Counseling has been a deep-seated love all of her life; my philosophy is that all we need is to become self-aware and have the ability to self-reflect, and we are halfway there once we have committed to taking this journey.
(757) 244-9572 View (757) 244-9572
Photo of Nicole Ronayne, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CCMHC
Nicole Ronayne
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CCMHC
3 Endorsed
Woodbridge, VA 22192
I am a dedicated/passionate/skilled and caring licensed professional counselor who believes in the healing power of connection, change, and individual empowerment. My approach is based on evidence-based theories that encourage personal exploration of ourselves, our experiences, and how we relate to others in order to gain valuable insight, awareness, and understanding. Clients working with me can expect a safe, validating, compassionate, empathic, confidential, genuine, and collaborative space where clients are encouraged to take the time for themselves and explore what matters most in their lives.
I am a dedicated/passionate/skilled and caring licensed professional counselor who believes in the healing power of connection, change, and individual empowerment. My approach is based on evidence-based theories that encourage personal exploration of ourselves, our experiences, and how we relate to others in order to gain valuable insight, awareness, and understanding. Clients working with me can expect a safe, validating, compassionate, empathic, confidential, genuine, and collaborative space where clients are encouraged to take the time for themselves and explore what matters most in their lives.
(571) 322-8059 View (571) 322-8059
Photo of Chantel Jarrett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Chantel Jarrett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Emotional safety and the therapeutic alliance are of upmost importance to me and the work we do together. That’s why I incorporate many different treatment techniques and utilize a variety of therapeutic approaches to meet clients where they are. In the first sessions, I encourage my clients to define their wants, needs, and boundaries while I assist them in setting their own goals. I believe that therapy should be individualized to accommodate the differences in each of us that showcase our resilience and beauty. By allowing the clients to set their own goals, I hope to encourage them to feel heard and empowered.
Emotional safety and the therapeutic alliance are of upmost importance to me and the work we do together. That’s why I incorporate many different treatment techniques and utilize a variety of therapeutic approaches to meet clients where they are. In the first sessions, I encourage my clients to define their wants, needs, and boundaries while I assist them in setting their own goals. I believe that therapy should be individualized to accommodate the differences in each of us that showcase our resilience and beauty. By allowing the clients to set their own goals, I hope to encourage them to feel heard and empowered.
(540) 405-8912 View (540) 405-8912
Photo of Toy Lynne Draine, Pre-Licensed Professional, EdS, MPH
Toy Lynne Draine
Pre-Licensed Professional, EdS, MPH
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Seeking support during life's transitions? Life's twists and turns can sometimes leave us feeling lost and overwhelmed. Don't face these challenges alone – you deserve the guidance and support to navigate through them. Mental health symptoms can create barriers that seem insurmountable, impacting your everyday life. But there's hope! Let me provide you with a space where you can openly express your concerns, free from judgment or stigma. Your journey is unique, and I'm here to honor and understand your experiences.
Seeking support during life's transitions? Life's twists and turns can sometimes leave us feeling lost and overwhelmed. Don't face these challenges alone – you deserve the guidance and support to navigate through them. Mental health symptoms can create barriers that seem insurmountable, impacting your everyday life. But there's hope! Let me provide you with a space where you can openly express your concerns, free from judgment or stigma. Your journey is unique, and I'm here to honor and understand your experiences.
(571) 701-1157 View (571) 701-1157
Photo of Sarah Stone, Pre-Licensed Professional
Sarah Stone
Pre-Licensed Professional
Woodbridge, VA 22192
As a counselor, one of my deep beliefs is in people's resilience, dignity, and right to feel seen and supported. I approach this work with a commitment to social justice and a belief in the importance of empowering people to define healing on their own terms.
As a counselor, one of my deep beliefs is in people's resilience, dignity, and right to feel seen and supported. I approach this work with a commitment to social justice and a belief in the importance of empowering people to define healing on their own terms.
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Photo of Jon Howard Siegel, Psychologist, PhD
Jon Howard Siegel
Psychologist, PhD
Online Only
Throughout our lives we find ourselves in times of uncertainty or times when much is asked of us. How we respond to such moments will define how we think of ourselves in the time ahead. While there may be a natural inclination to turn away from the moment and think only, "This too shall pass", just how it will pass has a great deal to do with the thinking one does and the actions one takes. Therapy should provide a better understanding of who we are and why we act as we do. Therapy works best when it is to the point, clear, and practical.
Throughout our lives we find ourselves in times of uncertainty or times when much is asked of us. How we respond to such moments will define how we think of ourselves in the time ahead. While there may be a natural inclination to turn away from the moment and think only, "This too shall pass", just how it will pass has a great deal to do with the thinking one does and the actions one takes. Therapy should provide a better understanding of who we are and why we act as we do. Therapy works best when it is to the point, clear, and practical.
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Photo of Nikkimah Davis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Nikkimah Davis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
5 Endorsed
Woodbridge, VA 22192
Hello! I am Nikkimah Davis, CEO of Safe Routes LLC. I hold a clinical social work license in Virginia, Maryland, Washington DC & Pennsylvania. Safe Routes LLC has a team of therapists providing evidence-based individual, family, and couples counseling, coaching, consultation & educational training focusing on holistic, faith-based Christian counseling. Our therapists have experience working with people who express a wide range of concerns, including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, narcissistic abuse, anger, internal conflict, low self-worth, sports performance, performance anxiety, mental blocks & life adjustments.
Hello! I am Nikkimah Davis, CEO of Safe Routes LLC. I hold a clinical social work license in Virginia, Maryland, Washington DC & Pennsylvania. Safe Routes LLC has a team of therapists providing evidence-based individual, family, and couples counseling, coaching, consultation & educational training focusing on holistic, faith-based Christian counseling. Our therapists have experience working with people who express a wide range of concerns, including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, narcissistic abuse, anger, internal conflict, low self-worth, sports performance, performance anxiety, mental blocks & life adjustments.
(571) 290-2026 View (571) 290-2026
Photo of Keaira Lewis, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Keaira Lewis
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
1 Endorsed
Woodbridge, VA 22191
Hello, I’m Keaira Lewis, a Resident in Counseling dedicated to helping individuals navigate anxiety, depression, and trauma. If you’ve been feeling emotionally overwhelmed, stuck, or burdened by past experiences, know that you’re not alone—and you don’t have to go through it alone either. In our time together, you’ll find a warm, nonjudgmental space where you can slow down, feel truly heard, and begin your healing journey at your own pace. I take a client-centered and compassionate approach, believing that you are the expert of your own experience.
Hello, I’m Keaira Lewis, a Resident in Counseling dedicated to helping individuals navigate anxiety, depression, and trauma. If you’ve been feeling emotionally overwhelmed, stuck, or burdened by past experiences, know that you’re not alone—and you don’t have to go through it alone either. In our time together, you’ll find a warm, nonjudgmental space where you can slow down, feel truly heard, and begin your healing journey at your own pace. I take a client-centered and compassionate approach, believing that you are the expert of your own experience.
(571) 556-3337 View (571) 556-3337
Photo of Paul Rumiantsev, Supervisee in Clinical Social Work, MS, MSW, LSCSW
Paul Rumiantsev
Supervisee in Clinical Social Work, MS, MSW, LSCSW
Woodbridge, VA 22192
I have over 10 years’ experience working with adolescents, adults, and families. I have worked with individuals facing a multitude of issues, such as relationship distress, anxiety, depression, complex trauma, PTSD, mood instability and identity issues. I utilize a direct, supportive, solution focused collaborative approach.
I have over 10 years’ experience working with adolescents, adults, and families. I have worked with individuals facing a multitude of issues, such as relationship distress, anxiety, depression, complex trauma, PTSD, mood instability and identity issues. I utilize a direct, supportive, solution focused collaborative approach.
(571) 556-4073 View (571) 556-4073
Photo of Helen Lancy, NP
Helen Lancy
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Helen Lancy is a board-certified Nurse Practitioner with a Master’s in Nursing from Spring Arbor University, pursuing a Doctor of Nursing in Psychiatric Mental Health from the University of Missouri. With four years of adult-gerontology psychiatry experience, she specializes in anxiety, depression, mood disorders, ADHD, and trauma in adults 18+. Passionate about providing evidence-based, compassionate care, Helen is dedicated to serving patients from diverse backgrounds, particularly those in underserved communities. Helen champions patient empowerment, guiding her patients to take control of their health and emotional wellbeing.
Helen Lancy is a board-certified Nurse Practitioner with a Master’s in Nursing from Spring Arbor University, pursuing a Doctor of Nursing in Psychiatric Mental Health from the University of Missouri. With four years of adult-gerontology psychiatry experience, she specializes in anxiety, depression, mood disorders, ADHD, and trauma in adults 18+. Passionate about providing evidence-based, compassionate care, Helen is dedicated to serving patients from diverse backgrounds, particularly those in underserved communities. Helen champions patient empowerment, guiding her patients to take control of their health and emotional wellbeing.
(703) 828-0857 View (703) 828-0857
Photo of Sahair Monfared, Psychologist, PsyD
Sahair Monfared
Psychologist, PsyD
Woodbridge, VA 22192
My orientation to psychotherapy is integrative; I recognize the value of psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral and family approaches. I have come to believe that no one approach is necessarily the best. Each individual is unique, so the therapeutic approach that is used should reflect the needs of the client. By tailoring therapy to fit the needs of each individual, an atmosphere is created in which the client feels secure to explore his or her feelings. I have worked in many different treatment settings, and with diverse population of adults and adolescents. I have experience treating individuals, couples, and families.
My orientation to psychotherapy is integrative; I recognize the value of psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral and family approaches. I have come to believe that no one approach is necessarily the best. Each individual is unique, so the therapeutic approach that is used should reflect the needs of the client. By tailoring therapy to fit the needs of each individual, an atmosphere is created in which the client feels secure to explore his or her feelings. I have worked in many different treatment settings, and with diverse population of adults and adolescents. I have experience treating individuals, couples, and families.
(540) 254-0909 View (540) 254-0909
Photo of Sandra K Molle - Integrative Counseling Services PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CDBT
Integrative Counseling Services PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CDBT
Online Only
I specialize in emotional ease and the healing of issues that impact the quality of our lives. With over 25 years of clinical experience, I support clients to access their inner resources and strengthen coping skills so they can design the life they seek. My work focuses on turning emotions into wisdom (emotion regulation), managing stress (distress tolerance), and building healthy relationships (interpersonal effectiveness). These skills can help us deepen the meaningful connections with loved ones and improve the overall quality of our lives.
I specialize in emotional ease and the healing of issues that impact the quality of our lives. With over 25 years of clinical experience, I support clients to access their inner resources and strengthen coping skills so they can design the life they seek. My work focuses on turning emotions into wisdom (emotion regulation), managing stress (distress tolerance), and building healthy relationships (interpersonal effectiveness). These skills can help us deepen the meaningful connections with loved ones and improve the overall quality of our lives.
(571) 500-8747 View (571) 500-8747
Photo of Shana Avery, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Shana Avery
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Woodbridge, VA 22192
Your unique personhood is a culmination of your lived experience. We are all shaped by our loves, losses, and life events. For all your positive experiences, you have also endured hard things. Your experiences form maps on the inside of you about what is available to you, who will be there for you, what needs or emotions are acceptable, and the extent to which you are loveable, worthy, and deserving. I am certain you have found ways to survive, protect against, adapt to stress, and survive unmet relationship needs. These brilliant strategies will have worked in the moment and may also have left you stuck, limited, hurt, or defended.
Your unique personhood is a culmination of your lived experience. We are all shaped by our loves, losses, and life events. For all your positive experiences, you have also endured hard things. Your experiences form maps on the inside of you about what is available to you, who will be there for you, what needs or emotions are acceptable, and the extent to which you are loveable, worthy, and deserving. I am certain you have found ways to survive, protect against, adapt to stress, and survive unmet relationship needs. These brilliant strategies will have worked in the moment and may also have left you stuck, limited, hurt, or defended.
(571) 474-2853 View (571) 474-2853

See more therapy options for Woodbridge

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Woodbridge, VA

700+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Woodbridge, VA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
92% Depression
77% Stress
69% Trauma and PTSD
65% Life Transitions
64% Relationship Issues
62% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

87% Aetna
80% Anthem
78% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Woodbridge, VA see their clients

63% Online Only
37% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Woodbridge?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.