Therapists in Warren County, VA

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Photo of Silvia Portillo, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, CSOTP
Silvia Portillo
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, CSOTP
2 Endorsed
Front Royal, VA 22630
Sometimes life can be overwhelming. Have you found the need to talk to someone and not know where to turn to? Everyday stressors can take a toll on the body. Looking for a therapist you can trust can be a process. I have been known to have a listening and empathic ear for clients in need. I will be an advocate in your journey. You will find that the traits of a supportive and nonjudgmental therapist will be important in your search. A veces la vida puede ser abrumadora. ¿Ha encontrado la necesidad de hablar con alguien y no sabe a quién recurrir? Yo puedo ser un apoyo.
Sometimes life can be overwhelming. Have you found the need to talk to someone and not know where to turn to? Everyday stressors can take a toll on the body. Looking for a therapist you can trust can be a process. I have been known to have a listening and empathic ear for clients in need. I will be an advocate in your journey. You will find that the traits of a supportive and nonjudgmental therapist will be important in your search. A veces la vida puede ser abrumadora. ¿Ha encontrado la necesidad de hablar con alguien y no sabe a quién recurrir? Yo puedo ser un apoyo.
(540) 755-4150 View (540) 755-4150
Photo of Courtney A Patti - Warrior Psychotherapy Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Warrior Psychotherapy Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Front Royal, VA 22630
We provide specialized therapy for adults experiencing anxiety, depression, insomnia, and PTSD. Our practice is committed to delivering compassionate, evidence-based care tailored to the unique needs of military, veterans, first responders. We are happy to offer expanded services with Brianna Lauffer who helps adults manage depression, anxiety, life transitions, and the emotional impact of caregiving. With expertise in both healthcare and veterinary social work, she offers specialized support for those often overlooked—care providers, medical professionals, and those in the veterinary field.
We provide specialized therapy for adults experiencing anxiety, depression, insomnia, and PTSD. Our practice is committed to delivering compassionate, evidence-based care tailored to the unique needs of military, veterans, first responders. We are happy to offer expanded services with Brianna Lauffer who helps adults manage depression, anxiety, life transitions, and the emotional impact of caregiving. With expertise in both healthcare and veterinary social work, she offers specialized support for those often overlooked—care providers, medical professionals, and those in the veterinary field.
(540) 253-1922 View (540) 253-1922
Photo of Stacey Philpot Of Life Repair Center, LPC, NCC, CRC, CCTP-II
Finding a therapist can be a daunting task and I am happy to answer questions along the way that might help you through the process. Joining with clients embarking on a path towards wholeness is one of my greatest joys! I use both values-based and strengths-based approaches, which allow me to meet you where you are and build a relationship while addressing your goals. I weave in CBT techniques, motivational interviewing skills, and humanistic interventions to help you move forward on your path. It is my hope that each individual I work with will find greater health and wholeness as we work together through their therapeutic journey.
Finding a therapist can be a daunting task and I am happy to answer questions along the way that might help you through the process. Joining with clients embarking on a path towards wholeness is one of my greatest joys! I use both values-based and strengths-based approaches, which allow me to meet you where you are and build a relationship while addressing your goals. I weave in CBT techniques, motivational interviewing skills, and humanistic interventions to help you move forward on your path. It is my hope that each individual I work with will find greater health and wholeness as we work together through their therapeutic journey.
(571) 601-2269 View (571) 601-2269
Photo of Dr. Michael Davis, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Michael Davis
Psychologist, PsyD
Front Royal, VA 22630
Waitlist for new clients
Many of my patients have been in therapy before, where they used skills and strategies to better manage their lives, but have found that this was not deep enough to make lasting changes. So, I don’t give advice or come with a pre-arranged agenda. Instead, we focus on your concerns and what you have to say while gradually developing a strong therapeutic relationship which is the most important factor in therapy. My role is first and foremost to listen attentively and without judgment so you have space to think, feel, and talk.
Many of my patients have been in therapy before, where they used skills and strategies to better manage their lives, but have found that this was not deep enough to make lasting changes. So, I don’t give advice or come with a pre-arranged agenda. Instead, we focus on your concerns and what you have to say while gradually developing a strong therapeutic relationship which is the most important factor in therapy. My role is first and foremost to listen attentively and without judgment so you have space to think, feel, and talk.
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Photo of Marylyn Bowman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Marylyn Bowman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Online Only
I have been working in the field of mental health for many years. I enjoy working with clients with substance use issues, bipolar disorder, anxiety, depression, trauma ,grief and coping with life changes . I have worked with the general public as well as working with our veterans for 12 years. I am a warm, compassionate human being who believes in the healing power of laughter and tears. I work with my clients to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment.
I have been working in the field of mental health for many years. I enjoy working with clients with substance use issues, bipolar disorder, anxiety, depression, trauma ,grief and coping with life changes . I have worked with the general public as well as working with our veterans for 12 years. I am a warm, compassionate human being who believes in the healing power of laughter and tears. I work with my clients to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment.
(571) 487-7602 View (571) 487-7602
Photo of S Margot Schultz, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MTS, LPC
S Margot Schultz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MTS, LPC
1 Endorsed
Front Royal, VA 22630
My practice is dedicated to offering compassion and support for women. Over the years, the most common complaint that is brought to the counseling office is about trouble with relationships. Clients often ask me: “How can I be true to myself and still get along with: 1) my romantic partner, 2) my boss, 3) my children, and 4) my in-laws?" Another issue that comes up is justifying time for fun and sustaining friendships. Also, there is usually a week or two in which we work through meaning-of-life questions. Then, there are wounds from the past that need to be addressed. Overall, we are looking for the best ways to cope.
My practice is dedicated to offering compassion and support for women. Over the years, the most common complaint that is brought to the counseling office is about trouble with relationships. Clients often ask me: “How can I be true to myself and still get along with: 1) my romantic partner, 2) my boss, 3) my children, and 4) my in-laws?" Another issue that comes up is justifying time for fun and sustaining friendships. Also, there is usually a week or two in which we work through meaning-of-life questions. Then, there are wounds from the past that need to be addressed. Overall, we are looking for the best ways to cope.
(540) 386-0147 View (540) 386-0147
Photo of Jeffrey Rodman, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LSATP
Jeffrey Rodman
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LSATP
Front Royal, VA 22630
I take a holistic and integrative approach to therapy which involves integrating various elements of different theories and practice. I lean most heavily on approaches focused on how people’s thinking can change feelings and behaviors while also implementing an approach focused on helping clients achieve their highest potential. Instead of energy spent on the past or negative behaviors, I emphasize the goodness in clients and work toward growth and self-actualization. I also use approaches oriented toward problem-solving including Hypnotherapy, NLP Brain Training, Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), Coaching, and EMDR therapy.
I take a holistic and integrative approach to therapy which involves integrating various elements of different theories and practice. I lean most heavily on approaches focused on how people’s thinking can change feelings and behaviors while also implementing an approach focused on helping clients achieve their highest potential. Instead of energy spent on the past or negative behaviors, I emphasize the goodness in clients and work toward growth and self-actualization. I also use approaches oriented toward problem-solving including Hypnotherapy, NLP Brain Training, Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), Coaching, and EMDR therapy.
(540) 235-5793 View (540) 235-5793
Erik Norman
Licensed Professional Counselor
Online Only
It is my aim to collaborate with you around key factors in your journey to help you better navigate through life’s ups downs. I use a holistic approach to foster mental health and well being. Clients will progress and heal through therapeutic interventions including self-esteem building, CBT and mindfulness. I engage clients in practices for holistic health. This includes spiritual, emotional, social, physical and mental health. My specialty is person centered therapy. My goal is to work with you from where you're at in whatever way works best.
It is my aim to collaborate with you around key factors in your journey to help you better navigate through life’s ups downs. I use a holistic approach to foster mental health and well being. Clients will progress and heal through therapeutic interventions including self-esteem building, CBT and mindfulness. I engage clients in practices for holistic health. This includes spiritual, emotional, social, physical and mental health. My specialty is person centered therapy. My goal is to work with you from where you're at in whatever way works best.
(571) 617-7018 View (571) 617-7018
Photo of Carolyn Sinclair, Licensed Professional Counselor, Carolyn Sinclair, DMin, LPC, CSAT, CPTT
Carolyn Sinclair
Licensed Professional Counselor, Carolyn Sinclair, DMin, LPC, CSAT, CPTT
Online Only
We are relational beings created to be in relationship with others. Sometimes our life stories and experiences hinder us from experiencing and growing in a healthy way in those relationships. I believe health and healing are possible. My areas of interest are sexual addiction (both addict and partner work), depression, anxiety, grief, relational stress, trauma, and family of origin issues. I work with adults, couples, and families. I am a certified sexual addiction therapist (CSAT), CPTT (partner trauma), EMDR Certified, Gottman Marriage Counseling trained, and in Post - Induction Therapy (Inner Child Therapy) by Pia Mellody,
We are relational beings created to be in relationship with others. Sometimes our life stories and experiences hinder us from experiencing and growing in a healthy way in those relationships. I believe health and healing are possible. My areas of interest are sexual addiction (both addict and partner work), depression, anxiety, grief, relational stress, trauma, and family of origin issues. I work with adults, couples, and families. I am a certified sexual addiction therapist (CSAT), CPTT (partner trauma), EMDR Certified, Gottman Marriage Counseling trained, and in Post - Induction Therapy (Inner Child Therapy) by Pia Mellody,
(571) 454-9421 View (571) 454-9421
Photo of Elena Boyle Of Life Repair Center, Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Elena Boyle Of Life Repair Center
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
1 Endorsed
Front Royal, VA 22630
Starting therapy can be intimidating and overwhelming. The first step is finding someone who can help you grow through whatever you're going through. I am passionate about a holistic, client driven approach to mental health care.
Starting therapy can be intimidating and overwhelming. The first step is finding someone who can help you grow through whatever you're going through. I am passionate about a holistic, client driven approach to mental health care.
(540) 640-6261 View (540) 640-6261
Photo of Jennifer Marie Hamlett - Life Repair Center, Resident in Counseling, MA
Life Repair Center
Resident in Counseling, MA
Front Royal, VA 22630
Life can be overwhelming, and navigating challenges alone can feel exhausting. As a dedicated Resident in Counseling, I am committed to providing a safe, supportive space where you can explore your emotions, gain clarity, and create meaningful change. My approach is rooted in empathy, authenticity, and evidence-based care, ensuring that you feel heard, seen, understood, and empowered throughout your journey.
Life can be overwhelming, and navigating challenges alone can feel exhausting. As a dedicated Resident in Counseling, I am committed to providing a safe, supportive space where you can explore your emotions, gain clarity, and create meaningful change. My approach is rooted in empathy, authenticity, and evidence-based care, ensuring that you feel heard, seen, understood, and empowered throughout your journey.
(540) 516-4568 View (540) 516-4568
Photo of Sherral Harding, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sherral Harding
Licensed Professional Counselor
Online Only
Life can be so challenging at times and hard to navigate when everything seems to be going the opposite of what we hoped or wish for. Considering the current climate of the world and our everyday struggles it can feel like a daunting task just to keep the motivation for the day. It’s as if life begins to feel more like a routine than an enjoyable journey. What used to be amusing or a previous interest just doesn’t feel that way anymore and that can be hard to fathom. Truth is, you are not alone as we all have these moments of feeling stuck, overwhelmed, frustrated, empty, hurt, confused, hopeless, irritable, and/or worthless.
Life can be so challenging at times and hard to navigate when everything seems to be going the opposite of what we hoped or wish for. Considering the current climate of the world and our everyday struggles it can feel like a daunting task just to keep the motivation for the day. It’s as if life begins to feel more like a routine than an enjoyable journey. What used to be amusing or a previous interest just doesn’t feel that way anymore and that can be hard to fathom. Truth is, you are not alone as we all have these moments of feeling stuck, overwhelmed, frustrated, empty, hurt, confused, hopeless, irritable, and/or worthless.
(571) 427-0847 View (571) 427-0847
Photo of Dr. William Johnston, Resident in Psychology, PsyD
Dr. William Johnston
Resident in Psychology, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Front Royal, VA 22630
I am a Post-Doctoral Resident in Clinical Psychology with the State of Virginia, in process of completing my licensure as a Clinical Psychologist. In the meantime I am working under the supervision of a Licensed Clinical Psychologist.
I am a Post-Doctoral Resident in Clinical Psychology with the State of Virginia, in process of completing my licensure as a Clinical Psychologist. In the meantime I am working under the supervision of a Licensed Clinical Psychologist.
(540) 390-7403 View (540) 390-7403
Photo of Jayna Gillespie, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jayna Gillespie
Licensed Professional Counselor
Online Only
Hi! I'm glad you're here. I believe that counseling is most effective when it is designed by the participant and fits their individual or family needs. I am trained in Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and holds certifications in Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Trauma Treatment. I have experience working with children, adults, and families to strengthen attachment, manage complex traumatic experiences, and overcome anxiety, depression, suicidality, isolation, and negative patterns of behavior.
Hi! I'm glad you're here. I believe that counseling is most effective when it is designed by the participant and fits their individual or family needs. I am trained in Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and holds certifications in Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Trauma Treatment. I have experience working with children, adults, and families to strengthen attachment, manage complex traumatic experiences, and overcome anxiety, depression, suicidality, isolation, and negative patterns of behavior.
(757) 863-8772 View (757) 863-8772
Photo of Darcy Bauer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Darcy Bauer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Bentonville, VA 22610
We move through life in different stages and circumstances, some way more challenging than others. Sometimes, what worked before doesn't seem to work now. That can be especially true for those who have struggled with anxiety and depression. We can go through the motions while adjusting to change, loss and the seemingly huge obstacles that block our vision. When we are surprised by that feeling of "stuck", simply coping can dull the joy of life and harm our relationships. We can find ourselves responding in ways we know are not healthy. The good news is there we can find our true adaptability and discover the path forward!
We move through life in different stages and circumstances, some way more challenging than others. Sometimes, what worked before doesn't seem to work now. That can be especially true for those who have struggled with anxiety and depression. We can go through the motions while adjusting to change, loss and the seemingly huge obstacles that block our vision. When we are surprised by that feeling of "stuck", simply coping can dull the joy of life and harm our relationships. We can find ourselves responding in ways we know are not healthy. The good news is there we can find our true adaptability and discover the path forward!
(571) 200-5588 View (571) 200-5588
Photo of Terra Jones-Steele - Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Front Royal, VA 22630
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(540) 426-0884 View (540) 426-0884
Photo of Brandon Rose, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brandon Rose
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Online Only
My goal and want for every client I serve is for them to live their lives as their best selves. You are the expert of your journey, and I am here to help provide supportive guidance and challenge along the way. I have worked in the mental health field for over 10 years, mainly serving at-risk youth and their families in community based and residential settings. Through various treatment modalities such as cognitive behavioral, solution focused, and trauma informed approaches, I want to help you reach your goals. I believe that most of the skills you need are inside of you and we can work to pull them out.
My goal and want for every client I serve is for them to live their lives as their best selves. You are the expert of your journey, and I am here to help provide supportive guidance and challenge along the way. I have worked in the mental health field for over 10 years, mainly serving at-risk youth and their families in community based and residential settings. Through various treatment modalities such as cognitive behavioral, solution focused, and trauma informed approaches, I want to help you reach your goals. I believe that most of the skills you need are inside of you and we can work to pull them out.
(757) 992-9944 View (757) 992-9944
Photo of Jillian Pelzer, Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC
Jillian Pelzer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC
Front Royal, VA 22630
Ms. Jillian Pelzer is a Licensed Professional Counselor for the state of Virginia. She has been working in the mental health field for 10 years. She is a dynamic therapist with a passion for helping her clients succeed and meet their personal goals. Jillian studied Psychology at St. John’s University in Queens, NY. She later pursued her Master’s Degree in Rehabilitation Counseling from The George Washington University in Washington, DC.
Ms. Jillian Pelzer is a Licensed Professional Counselor for the state of Virginia. She has been working in the mental health field for 10 years. She is a dynamic therapist with a passion for helping her clients succeed and meet their personal goals. Jillian studied Psychology at St. John’s University in Queens, NY. She later pursued her Master’s Degree in Rehabilitation Counseling from The George Washington University in Washington, DC.
(301) 392-7120 View (301) 392-7120
Photo of Karen Pender, Licensed Professional Counselor
Karen Pender
Licensed Professional Counselor
Online Only
Karen Pender creates a safe and respectful space where her clients can share their innermost thoughts, emotions and feelings without judgment or blame. She empowers clients to cope with stress, build resilience, and reclaim their agency and dignity, through the use of evidence-based and culturally appropriate interventions that address the root causes of trauma, and promotes healing and wellness. In her practice Karen provides psychotherapeutic services to clients ages 18 to 85, individual therapy,
Karen Pender creates a safe and respectful space where her clients can share their innermost thoughts, emotions and feelings without judgment or blame. She empowers clients to cope with stress, build resilience, and reclaim their agency and dignity, through the use of evidence-based and culturally appropriate interventions that address the root causes of trauma, and promotes healing and wellness. In her practice Karen provides psychotherapeutic services to clients ages 18 to 85, individual therapy,
(540) 787-2948 View (540) 787-2948
Photo of Jordan Chenette - Veritas Counseling , Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Veritas Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Front Royal, VA 22630
Veritas Counseling is a general counseling practice treating many of life's issues: anxiety, depression, couple's counseling, ADHD, family therapy, relationships, parent coaching, trauma, PTSD, stress management, grief, death, and significant life events. We participate with Anthem, United, and most BlueCross Blue Shield plans. These plan must be offered from a workplace. Sorry, no Medicaid or Medicare participation. We can provide superbill for out of network folks. We also accept all HSA/FSA funds, so if you have HSA money saved you can use it for counseling! Upon client request we also offer Catholic and Christian counseling.
Veritas Counseling is a general counseling practice treating many of life's issues: anxiety, depression, couple's counseling, ADHD, family therapy, relationships, parent coaching, trauma, PTSD, stress management, grief, death, and significant life events. We participate with Anthem, United, and most BlueCross Blue Shield plans. These plan must be offered from a workplace. Sorry, no Medicaid or Medicare participation. We can provide superbill for out of network folks. We also accept all HSA/FSA funds, so if you have HSA money saved you can use it for counseling! Upon client request we also offer Catholic and Christian counseling.
(540) 305-8569 View (540) 305-8569

See more therapy options for Warren County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Warren County, VA

50+

Average cost per session

$122

Therapists in Warren County, VA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
92% Depression
83% Trauma and PTSD
79% Stress
71% Life Transitions
62% Grief
60% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
80% Anthem
78% Aetna

How Therapists in Warren County, VA see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
22% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Warren County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.