Therapists in Wakefield, VA

Photo of Tiera Williams, LCPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tiera Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Wakefield, VA 23888
Hello, I am Dr. Tiera Williams, a Licensed Professional Counselor with a doctorate degree in community and care counseling who has provided mental health services to individuals and families for over 13 years. I specialize in helping manage issues of depression, anxiety, women issues, anger management, self-esteem, behavior issues, ADHD, adjustment/military, and trauma through a safe and supportive environment. My therapy approach is individualized and consists of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Cognitive Processing Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing to address challenging issues.
Hello, I am Dr. Tiera Williams, a Licensed Professional Counselor with a doctorate degree in community and care counseling who has provided mental health services to individuals and families for over 13 years. I specialize in helping manage issues of depression, anxiety, women issues, anger management, self-esteem, behavior issues, ADHD, adjustment/military, and trauma through a safe and supportive environment. My therapy approach is individualized and consists of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Cognitive Processing Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing to address challenging issues.
(571) 517-9681 View (571) 517-9681
Photo of Erin Shaffer, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Erin Shaffer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Wakefield, VA 23888
My name is Erin Shaffer, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Dublin, VA. I work with clients statewide, providing telehealth counseling services. I primarily work with adults and specialize in trauma, grief, depression, and anxiety. I utilize a generalist approach that encompasses several treatment modalities to make progress and start to feel better. I have found that my style and approach are most effective with adults when utilizing telehealth services to individuals who might be working to manage trauma and grief reactions as well as symptoms of depression and anxiety.
My name is Erin Shaffer, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Dublin, VA. I work with clients statewide, providing telehealth counseling services. I primarily work with adults and specialize in trauma, grief, depression, and anxiety. I utilize a generalist approach that encompasses several treatment modalities to make progress and start to feel better. I have found that my style and approach are most effective with adults when utilizing telehealth services to individuals who might be working to manage trauma and grief reactions as well as symptoms of depression and anxiety.
(757) 908-6616 View (757) 908-6616

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Benjamin Maust, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Benjamin Maust
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Waverly, VA 23891
Hello, I'm Benjii Maust a Virginia-based Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a focus on children and adolescents and LGBT+ issues. I have been a Therapist for over 7 years and have had experiences working with all population types. I primarily approach therapy through a Narrative lens, integrating Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, motivational, and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy exercises to create an individualized approach for each client.
Hello, I'm Benjii Maust a Virginia-based Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a focus on children and adolescents and LGBT+ issues. I have been a Therapist for over 7 years and have had experiences working with all population types. I primarily approach therapy through a Narrative lens, integrating Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, motivational, and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy exercises to create an individualized approach for each client.
(804) 361-8011 View (804) 361-8011
Photo of Cynthia Repanshek, LCP, Psychologist
Cynthia Repanshek
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
Waverly, VA 23890
My name is Cynthia (Cyndi) Repanshek, and I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist. I am located in Fredericksburg, VA, but I see patients throughout Virginia via telehealth. I work with adults and specialize in anxiety, stress, depression, and OCD. I see therapy as a collaborative process. I am not dedicated to a sole modality, and I would like to work with you to determine what type of therapy is the best fit. I work with adults of all ages. I have treated a wide range of diagnoses, including adult ADHD, anxiety, depression, and OCD.
My name is Cynthia (Cyndi) Repanshek, and I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist. I am located in Fredericksburg, VA, but I see patients throughout Virginia via telehealth. I work with adults and specialize in anxiety, stress, depression, and OCD. I see therapy as a collaborative process. I am not dedicated to a sole modality, and I would like to work with you to determine what type of therapy is the best fit. I work with adults of all ages. I have treated a wide range of diagnoses, including adult ADHD, anxiety, depression, and OCD.
(571) 605-6975 View (571) 605-6975
Photo of Nachelle Jenkins, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nachelle Jenkins
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Waverly, VA 23890
Hello, I am an LPC who is passionate about supporting all my clients through current stressors until growth and healing occurs. I listen, process the desire, and utilize the best theoretical approach in efforts to gain measurable success. The desire to help through listening and establishing reasonable goals. What drives me are the passionate individuals who are self-aware regarding change.
Hello, I am an LPC who is passionate about supporting all my clients through current stressors until growth and healing occurs. I listen, process the desire, and utilize the best theoretical approach in efforts to gain measurable success. The desire to help through listening and establishing reasonable goals. What drives me are the passionate individuals who are self-aware regarding change.
(571) 946-5061 View (571) 946-5061
Photo of Bianca Cornelius, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Bianca Cornelius
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Waverly, VA 23890
Hello, I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Virginia; I have 8 years of experience in the mental health field. I have worked with individuals with a wide range of concerns, including anxiety disorders, trauma, depression, relationship struggles, adjusting to life changes, grief & loss, personal development, self-esteem, and social skills development. I have worked with individuals with a wide range of concerns, including anxiety disorders, trauma, depression, relationship struggles, adjusting to life changes, grief & loss, personal development, self-esteem, and social skills development.
Hello, I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Virginia; I have 8 years of experience in the mental health field. I have worked with individuals with a wide range of concerns, including anxiety disorders, trauma, depression, relationship struggles, adjusting to life changes, grief & loss, personal development, self-esteem, and social skills development. I have worked with individuals with a wide range of concerns, including anxiety disorders, trauma, depression, relationship struggles, adjusting to life changes, grief & loss, personal development, self-esteem, and social skills development.
(571) 556-7800 View (571) 556-7800
Photo of Alimatu Mustapha-Palmer, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Alimatu Mustapha-Palmer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Waverly, VA 23891
I am Alimatu Mustapha- Palmer (nee Alima Palmer),PhD., NCC, LPC, MAC, CSAC, BCC. I have been in the world of behavioral health and services for the past 25 years. I am experienced and well-credentialed including several board certifications, awards, and recognitions. My experience includes conducting trainings, workshops, and assessments and working with individuals, families, groups, non-profits, local and international government agencies including DSS- CPS, law enforcement, minority populations, specific women and children’s issues, spirituality, cultural dynamics, marriage, divorce, life transitions, coaching and more.
I am Alimatu Mustapha- Palmer (nee Alima Palmer),PhD., NCC, LPC, MAC, CSAC, BCC. I have been in the world of behavioral health and services for the past 25 years. I am experienced and well-credentialed including several board certifications, awards, and recognitions. My experience includes conducting trainings, workshops, and assessments and working with individuals, families, groups, non-profits, local and international government agencies including DSS- CPS, law enforcement, minority populations, specific women and children’s issues, spirituality, cultural dynamics, marriage, divorce, life transitions, coaching and more.
(804) 676-6219 View (804) 676-6219
Photo of Margaret Geroe, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Margaret Geroe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Dendron, VA 23839
I want to start by saying kudos to you for putting yourself out here and looking for a therapist. My name is Maggie, and I am a licensed clinical social worker. The main concerns I work with are depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, grief, stress, and life transitions. The primary modalities I use in my practice are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Narrative Therapy, and Solution Focused Brief Therapy. I believe that through our journey together, I can assist you with managing anxiety, depression, chronic illness, stress, and other challenges.
I want to start by saying kudos to you for putting yourself out here and looking for a therapist. My name is Maggie, and I am a licensed clinical social worker. The main concerns I work with are depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, grief, stress, and life transitions. The primary modalities I use in my practice are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Narrative Therapy, and Solution Focused Brief Therapy. I believe that through our journey together, I can assist you with managing anxiety, depression, chronic illness, stress, and other challenges.
(703) 596-1261 View (703) 596-1261
Photo of Benjamin Maust, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Benjamin Maust
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Dendron, VA 23839
Hello, I'm Benjii Maust a Virginia-based Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a focus on children and adolescents and LGBT+ issues. I have been a Therapist for over 7 years and have had experiences working with all population types. I primarily approach therapy through a Narrative lens, integrating Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, motivational, and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy exercises to create an individualized approach for each client.
Hello, I'm Benjii Maust a Virginia-based Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a focus on children and adolescents and LGBT+ issues. I have been a Therapist for over 7 years and have had experiences working with all population types. I primarily approach therapy through a Narrative lens, integrating Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, motivational, and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy exercises to create an individualized approach for each client.
(434) 732-2389 View (434) 732-2389
Photo of Brooks Gale, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brooks Gale
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Ivor, VA 23866  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a background in inpatient behavioral health, outpatient substance abuse, and outpatient therapy. I have experience treating PTSD, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and other related diagnoses. I work mostly with adults over the age of 18. I provide a relationship where you can be heard and understood.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a background in inpatient behavioral health, outpatient substance abuse, and outpatient therapy. I have experience treating PTSD, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and other related diagnoses. I work mostly with adults over the age of 18. I provide a relationship where you can be heard and understood.
View
Photo of Adalberto Morales, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Adalberto Morales
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Ivor, VA 23866
Hi there, I'm Adalberto. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker working in Virginia. I have over 18 years of experience working as a therapist. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, crisis intervention, substance abuse issues, and Anger Management. I also helped many people who have experienced physical trauma or emotional abuse.
Hi there, I'm Adalberto. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker working in Virginia. I have over 18 years of experience working as a therapist. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, crisis intervention, substance abuse issues, and Anger Management. I also helped many people who have experienced physical trauma or emotional abuse.
(571) 600-6641 View (571) 600-6641

Online Therapists

Photo of Lisa A Boyles, LPC, CSAC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lisa A Boyles
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSAC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23220
I provide confidential and supportive services for those looking for help with trauma & attachment issues, stress, compulsive behaviors, relationship conflict, parenting, and difficult teen behaviors. My focus is on the whole person, and incorporates the mind/body/spirit connection. Life experiences, including family of origin work, are often explored to address current symptoms and painful patterning. Mindfulness practices are taught to help bring presence and compassion to each moment. Through this work, one can have greater self-awareness, self-acceptance and self-responsibility. I am passionate about helping others open more to who they are, and broaden the scope of possibilities for deep, meaningful lives.
I provide confidential and supportive services for those looking for help with trauma & attachment issues, stress, compulsive behaviors, relationship conflict, parenting, and difficult teen behaviors. My focus is on the whole person, and incorporates the mind/body/spirit connection. Life experiences, including family of origin work, are often explored to address current symptoms and painful patterning. Mindfulness practices are taught to help bring presence and compassion to each moment. Through this work, one can have greater self-awareness, self-acceptance and self-responsibility. I am passionate about helping others open more to who they are, and broaden the scope of possibilities for deep, meaningful lives.
(804) 314-2462 View (804) 314-2462
Photo of Steven Dixon, PsyD, LCP, Psychologist
Steven Dixon
Psychologist, PsyD, LCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23230
With over two decades of distinguished service in the domain of clinical psychology, Dr. Steven Dixon, Psy.D., has established himself as a seasoned and highly accomplished licensed clinical psychologist. Renowned for his diagnostic precision, he is able to unravel the complexities of mental health and provide tailored interventions that address the unique needs and challenges of each client.
With over two decades of distinguished service in the domain of clinical psychology, Dr. Steven Dixon, Psy.D., has established himself as a seasoned and highly accomplished licensed clinical psychologist. Renowned for his diagnostic precision, he is able to unravel the complexities of mental health and provide tailored interventions that address the unique needs and challenges of each client.
(804) 420-9526 View (804) 420-9526
Photo of Parke Sterling, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Parke Sterling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23113
I’m a therapist who works with guys who are stressed out and anxious. They, like myself, are just “everyday guys.” They are college kids, 20 somethings trying to figure out their next move, small business owners, professionals, dads and guys in their 50’s and beyond trying to grapple with the question “was that all?” I feel a kinship with them because I have experienced much of what they have. They are battling anxiety, experiencing little annoying addictions, feeling a lack of purpose in their lives, or just feeling downright lonely or lost.
I’m a therapist who works with guys who are stressed out and anxious. They, like myself, are just “everyday guys.” They are college kids, 20 somethings trying to figure out their next move, small business owners, professionals, dads and guys in their 50’s and beyond trying to grapple with the question “was that all?” I feel a kinship with them because I have experienced much of what they have. They are battling anxiety, experiencing little annoying addictions, feeling a lack of purpose in their lives, or just feeling downright lonely or lost.
(804) 336-3479 View (804) 336-3479
Photo of Nicole Kornbluh, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nicole Kornbluh
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chesapeake, VA 23323  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with feeling off balance in your marriage? Does it feel like there is a lack of appreciation or attention from your partner? Does it sometimes feel like you are living parallel lives? All families and couples go through these feelings at some point in their relationships, but it’s about how you choose to cope and change the course of your relationships that matter most. It is important to feel valued and understood. I provide a safe space for couples and families to repair and rebuild relationships through communication, understanding, and trust building without sacrificing their individual identity.
Are you struggling with feeling off balance in your marriage? Does it feel like there is a lack of appreciation or attention from your partner? Does it sometimes feel like you are living parallel lives? All families and couples go through these feelings at some point in their relationships, but it’s about how you choose to cope and change the course of your relationships that matter most. It is important to feel valued and understood. I provide a safe space for couples and families to repair and rebuild relationships through communication, understanding, and trust building without sacrificing their individual identity.
(757) 767-5153 View (757) 767-5153
Photo of Justina Lambert, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Justina Lambert
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Smithfield, VA 23430  (Online Only)
If you want something you've never had, you must be willing to do something you've never done.- Anonymous. Change is HARD! As your therapist, I am fully invested in collaborating with you through your evolution in order to promote lasting change. I love cultivating an affirming and genuine safe space that is supportive, authentic, and empowering.
If you want something you've never had, you must be willing to do something you've never done.- Anonymous. Change is HARD! As your therapist, I am fully invested in collaborating with you through your evolution in order to promote lasting change. I love cultivating an affirming and genuine safe space that is supportive, authentic, and empowering.
(757) 267-6445 View (757) 267-6445
Photo of Nina Lackey, LPC, CSAC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nina Lackey
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23234
I believe in guiding and encouraging people to become their true selves. Healing and growth that promotes a healthy and productive lifestyle is crucial. I have over 30 years of experience as a therapist. I earned my Bachelor of Arts from East Carolina University in Psychology and my Master of Science degree at Virginia Commonwealth University. Licensed in the State of Virginia, I have a work history in several outpatient, inpatient, and residential treatment settings.
I believe in guiding and encouraging people to become their true selves. Healing and growth that promotes a healthy and productive lifestyle is crucial. I have over 30 years of experience as a therapist. I earned my Bachelor of Arts from East Carolina University in Psychology and my Master of Science degree at Virginia Commonwealth University. Licensed in the State of Virginia, I have a work history in several outpatient, inpatient, and residential treatment settings.
(804) 322-5092 View (804) 322-5092
Photo of Liz Audritsh, MSW, SISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Liz Audritsh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, SISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23112
Hello! My name is Liz Audritsh and I am a Supervisee in Social Work. I applaud you for taking the first step in your mental health and healing journey. Starting therapy can be scary and difficult, but I strive to create a space that is comfortable, safe, and affirming for everyone. I understand that therapy is not “one size fits all” and is a deeply unique experience for everyone. Because of this, I emphasize a collaborative approach that fosters an open line of communication between us. I use an integrative and holistic therapeutic approach, understanding all factors that may play a part in mental and emotional distress.
Hello! My name is Liz Audritsh and I am a Supervisee in Social Work. I applaud you for taking the first step in your mental health and healing journey. Starting therapy can be scary and difficult, but I strive to create a space that is comfortable, safe, and affirming for everyone. I understand that therapy is not “one size fits all” and is a deeply unique experience for everyone. Because of this, I emphasize a collaborative approach that fosters an open line of communication between us. I use an integrative and holistic therapeutic approach, understanding all factors that may play a part in mental and emotional distress.
(804) 348-0623 View (804) 348-0623
Photo of Hope Helton, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hope Helton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23221  (Online Only)
Are you feeling stuck & like you need to make changes in your life to be happier & more fulfilled? Do things feel out of balance with your relationship with yourself & others? Do you find it harder to be kind to yourself than a stranger? I have experience in helping teen & adult clients, often going through major life transitions. With a goal to better manage stress and anxiety, work through relationship conflicts, improve motivation, & self esteem. We'll address your whole self, mind, body & spirit, to find a balance through cognitive therapy, as well as mindfulness, encouraging yoga & artistic expression to better know yourself.
Are you feeling stuck & like you need to make changes in your life to be happier & more fulfilled? Do things feel out of balance with your relationship with yourself & others? Do you find it harder to be kind to yourself than a stranger? I have experience in helping teen & adult clients, often going through major life transitions. With a goal to better manage stress and anxiety, work through relationship conflicts, improve motivation, & self esteem. We'll address your whole self, mind, body & spirit, to find a balance through cognitive therapy, as well as mindfulness, encouraging yoga & artistic expression to better know yourself.
(804) 902-2388 View (804) 902-2388
Photo of Hannah Hensley, Pre-Licensed Professional
Hannah Hensley
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23222  (Online Only)
Hello! I’m Hannah Hensley, an MSW practicum provider helping individuals find freedom from anxiety and peace in stressful life transitions through a person-centered approach. I’m passionate about helping others develop strong relationships and healthy family dynamics through marriage and parenting support. I’m engaged in the military community and am a student at the University of Texas at Arlington, where I am completing my Master of Social Work.
Hello! I’m Hannah Hensley, an MSW practicum provider helping individuals find freedom from anxiety and peace in stressful life transitions through a person-centered approach. I’m passionate about helping others develop strong relationships and healthy family dynamics through marriage and parenting support. I’m engaged in the military community and am a student at the University of Texas at Arlington, where I am completing my Master of Social Work.
(804) 534-2397 View (804) 534-2397

See more therapy options for Wakefield

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Wakefield, VA

< 10

Therapists in Wakefield, VA who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Trauma and PTSD
100% Coping Skills
100% Veterans
100% Women's Issues
100% Stress

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Wakefield, VA see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Wakefield?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.