Therapists in Virginia Beach, VA

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Photo of Alison Rinsland, Pre-Licensed Professional, MSEd
Alison Rinsland
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSEd
4 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23462
My speciality varies from working with individuals with anxiety disorders, perinatal / postpartum mental health, OCD, and perfectionism. Additionally, I have clinical experience working with depression, trauma (PTSD and complex PTSD), attachment issues, grief, domestic violence, women's issues, religious and spiritual trauma & abuse, neurodiversity, geriatric population, and addiction.
My speciality varies from working with individuals with anxiety disorders, perinatal / postpartum mental health, OCD, and perfectionism. Additionally, I have clinical experience working with depression, trauma (PTSD and complex PTSD), attachment issues, grief, domestic violence, women's issues, religious and spiritual trauma & abuse, neurodiversity, geriatric population, and addiction.
(757) 568-8918 View (757) 568-8918
Photo of T Sinceno - CCCS & Associates, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LPC
CCCS & Associates
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LPC
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
It is the mission of Crescent Counseling & Casework services (CCCS), Inc. to empower individuals and families to build a better life and brighter future. CCCS is dedicated to maximizing the strengths and resources of the individuals we serve through genuine connections that preserve dignity and encourage health, mental wellness, and positive engagement within their communities.
It is the mission of Crescent Counseling & Casework services (CCCS), Inc. to empower individuals and families to build a better life and brighter future. CCCS is dedicated to maximizing the strengths and resources of the individuals we serve through genuine connections that preserve dignity and encourage health, mental wellness, and positive engagement within their communities.
(757) 384-9709 View (757) 384-9709
Photo of Michael Sheffield, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ME
Michael Sheffield
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ME
Online Only
Life is hitting you hard right now and maybe you're stuck, feel alone, struggle completing tasks, struggle with the way your mind works, or just maybe you feel like there's not much meaning in your life. My name is Michael Sheffield and alongside obtaining a Master's degree, I have been working as a counselor with people for 5 years. My life and training are lent towards working with people experiencing depressed mood, anxiety, overactive/judgemental minds, relationship stress, pessimism, trauma, sleep disturbance, OCD, uncontrolled anger/mood, workaholism, and chronic pain. I also work with individuals with ADHD and teenagers.
Life is hitting you hard right now and maybe you're stuck, feel alone, struggle completing tasks, struggle with the way your mind works, or just maybe you feel like there's not much meaning in your life. My name is Michael Sheffield and alongside obtaining a Master's degree, I have been working as a counselor with people for 5 years. My life and training are lent towards working with people experiencing depressed mood, anxiety, overactive/judgemental minds, relationship stress, pessimism, trauma, sleep disturbance, OCD, uncontrolled anger/mood, workaholism, and chronic pain. I also work with individuals with ADHD and teenagers.
(757) 231-3952 View (757) 231-3952
Photo of Kelly Wallis, Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC, LPC
Kelly Wallis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC, LPC
Online Only
I am accepting new clients via telehealth appointments who are looking for an opportunity to take a deeper look into their behaviors and feelings to gain a better understanding of how emotions can impact their life. Whether it's grief, trauma, relationships, life balance, or the in between, my goal is to provide a safe and supportive environment for you to grow and embrace your authentic self.
I am accepting new clients via telehealth appointments who are looking for an opportunity to take a deeper look into their behaviors and feelings to gain a better understanding of how emotions can impact their life. Whether it's grief, trauma, relationships, life balance, or the in between, my goal is to provide a safe and supportive environment for you to grow and embrace your authentic self.
(757) 703-3867 View (757) 703-3867
Photo of Frank Bond, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Frank Bond
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
Frank is an LPC who has been practicing since 2020. He graduated from Capella University with a Masters degree in Mental Health Counseling. Previously Frank retired from a 40 year career in business/ finance. Frank believes that the goal for therapy, generally, is to help clients discover those resources that are already part of who they are- but that they are having difficulty accessing due to trauma, mental health challenges, or any variety of Life circumstances. He is EMDR certified and often works with clients with a focus on trauma events. He also specializes in working with clients in all sorts of life transitions.
Frank is an LPC who has been practicing since 2020. He graduated from Capella University with a Masters degree in Mental Health Counseling. Previously Frank retired from a 40 year career in business/ finance. Frank believes that the goal for therapy, generally, is to help clients discover those resources that are already part of who they are- but that they are having difficulty accessing due to trauma, mental health challenges, or any variety of Life circumstances. He is EMDR certified and often works with clients with a focus on trauma events. He also specializes in working with clients in all sorts of life transitions.
(757) 500-5213 View (757) 500-5213
Photo of Sara McCullough, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sara McCullough
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23462
Not accepting new clients
Not Currently Accepting New Clients. Sometimes life can leave you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or out of control. Whether you are hurting from a specific situation or have struggled your entire life with anxiety, depression, or trauma- there is hope. Life happens to all of us and we find that as stress, trauma, bad habits, and behaviors build over time; our brain becomes “stuck” in unhealthy patterns of functioning as a way to cope with our environment. Contact me, if you are looking for a therapist that can go beyond talk therapy and uses a combination of brain-based therapy approaches and neurofeedback.
Not Currently Accepting New Clients. Sometimes life can leave you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or out of control. Whether you are hurting from a specific situation or have struggled your entire life with anxiety, depression, or trauma- there is hope. Life happens to all of us and we find that as stress, trauma, bad habits, and behaviors build over time; our brain becomes “stuck” in unhealthy patterns of functioning as a way to cope with our environment. Contact me, if you are looking for a therapist that can go beyond talk therapy and uses a combination of brain-based therapy approaches and neurofeedback.
(757) 210-5817 View (757) 210-5817
Photo of Courtnei Brockington, Pre-Licensed Professional
Courtnei Brockington
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Born in New York and raised in Virginia, I’m a compassionate, dedicated therapist here to help you feel seen, supported, and empowered. I work with adults navigating anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, trauma, grief, relationship struggles, and life transitions. I’m also passionate about supporting those facing chronic illness, injury, disability, or recovery—where emotional and physical healing must go hand in hand. My whole-person approach honors the mind-body connection and supports you in reclaiming your wellness from the inside out.
Born in New York and raised in Virginia, I’m a compassionate, dedicated therapist here to help you feel seen, supported, and empowered. I work with adults navigating anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, trauma, grief, relationship struggles, and life transitions. I’m also passionate about supporting those facing chronic illness, injury, disability, or recovery—where emotional and physical healing must go hand in hand. My whole-person approach honors the mind-body connection and supports you in reclaiming your wellness from the inside out.
(757) 993-8612 View (757) 993-8612
Photo of Maya Person, Pre-Licensed Professional, LSW
Maya Person
Pre-Licensed Professional, LSW
Virginia Beach, VA 23464
Looking for support navigating life’s challenges? I’m Maya Person, a Social Work Supervisee in Virginia working toward becoming a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have experience supporting children, teens, adults, families, and couples across diverse settings, including social services, foster care, juvenile detention, residential and school programs, and outpatient therapy. I provide a compassionate, client-centered space to explore your concerns, build coping skills, and work toward meaningful growth and positive change.
Looking for support navigating life’s challenges? I’m Maya Person, a Social Work Supervisee in Virginia working toward becoming a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have experience supporting children, teens, adults, families, and couples across diverse settings, including social services, foster care, juvenile detention, residential and school programs, and outpatient therapy. I provide a compassionate, client-centered space to explore your concerns, build coping skills, and work toward meaningful growth and positive change.
(757) 794-4460 View (757) 794-4460
Photo of Susan Rodriguez, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, PMH-C
Susan Rodriguez
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, PMH-C
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Transitions and adjustments can be difficult. At times we can feel wonderful, while other times we are left wondering "what happened?". In those moments, it can be difficult to know what to do or how to navigate the next steps in our life. The journey can be painful, overwhelming and just down right exhausting. While many of us experience similar situations, no one experience is the same; which is why I want to help find what benefits and helps you the most. I will help guide you and support you during your journey by tailoring treatment to fit you and your experience(s).
Transitions and adjustments can be difficult. At times we can feel wonderful, while other times we are left wondering "what happened?". In those moments, it can be difficult to know what to do or how to navigate the next steps in our life. The journey can be painful, overwhelming and just down right exhausting. While many of us experience similar situations, no one experience is the same; which is why I want to help find what benefits and helps you the most. I will help guide you and support you during your journey by tailoring treatment to fit you and your experience(s).
(757) 330-8272 View (757) 330-8272
Photo of Luon Fletcher, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Luon Fletcher
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
Fletcher specializes in working with individuals experiencing life transitions, grief and loss, end of life concerns, chronic illness, disability-related concerns, and caregiver support issues. She works with adults to teach coping skills and provide support for these difficult life experiences/changes and works with each individual to identify patterns in their everyday lives and develop the best therapeutic plan of action for lasting, positive personal change. Her greatest joys come from watching her clients grow into the happiest versions of themselves.
Fletcher specializes in working with individuals experiencing life transitions, grief and loss, end of life concerns, chronic illness, disability-related concerns, and caregiver support issues. She works with adults to teach coping skills and provide support for these difficult life experiences/changes and works with each individual to identify patterns in their everyday lives and develop the best therapeutic plan of action for lasting, positive personal change. Her greatest joys come from watching her clients grow into the happiest versions of themselves.
(757) 982-8087 View (757) 982-8087
Photo of Karla Denise Adkins - Anew Psychotherapy, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LSATP
Anew Psychotherapy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LSATP
Virginia Beach, VA 23455
I have over 25 years of experience providing clinical treatment to those individuals with mental illness and substance abuse issues. I have a clinical background that includes diverse settings/populations; residential, median security prison, home-based and outpatient. I intergrate creative approaches in assisting individuals with achieving their goals. My perspective is holistic and, when neccessary or useful I will provide information on community resources to promote optium care. I strive to empower the individual and remain fully engaged and committed during the treatment process. I am extremely dedicated to creating a safe, respectful, and empathic environment that fosters growth.
I have over 25 years of experience providing clinical treatment to those individuals with mental illness and substance abuse issues. I have a clinical background that includes diverse settings/populations; residential, median security prison, home-based and outpatient. I intergrate creative approaches in assisting individuals with achieving their goals. My perspective is holistic and, when neccessary or useful I will provide information on community resources to promote optium care. I strive to empower the individual and remain fully engaged and committed during the treatment process. I am extremely dedicated to creating a safe, respectful, and empathic environment that fosters growth.
(757) 663-5323 View (757) 663-5323
Photo of Megan A Connell, Psychologist, PsyD, ABPP
Megan A Connell
Psychologist, PsyD, ABPP
Online Only
Does it feel like you’ve spent your life following a script that wasn’t written for you? For many autistic women and girls, as well as those with ADHD, life often feels like a constant cycle of masking and autistic burnout. You may have been told you’re "just anxious" or "sensitive," but you know there is a deeper explanation for how your brain processes the world. As a board-certified psychologist I am dedicated to helping neurodivergent individuals move from surviving to thriving. My practice is neurodiversity affirming, meaning I don’t see your brain as something to be "fixed."
Does it feel like you’ve spent your life following a script that wasn’t written for you? For many autistic women and girls, as well as those with ADHD, life often feels like a constant cycle of masking and autistic burnout. You may have been told you’re "just anxious" or "sensitive," but you know there is a deeper explanation for how your brain processes the world. As a board-certified psychologist I am dedicated to helping neurodivergent individuals move from surviving to thriving. My practice is neurodiversity affirming, meaning I don’t see your brain as something to be "fixed."
(844) 552-0935 View (844) 552-0935
Photo of Danielle L McDowell, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Danielle L McDowell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
You’ve carried too much for too long—showing up for everyone else while wondering when it will be your turn to breathe. I walk with Black women, immigrants, and helpers who are tired of holding it all together but still determined to heal. Our work is rooted in culture, family, and faith—undoing old cycles, setting boundaries, and creating space for joy. My style is warm and direct, blending trauma-informed care, self-compassion, and practical tools. This isn’t one-size-fits-all therapy; it’s healing that honors who you are and where you come from.
You’ve carried too much for too long—showing up for everyone else while wondering when it will be your turn to breathe. I walk with Black women, immigrants, and helpers who are tired of holding it all together but still determined to heal. Our work is rooted in culture, family, and faith—undoing old cycles, setting boundaries, and creating space for joy. My style is warm and direct, blending trauma-informed care, self-compassion, and practical tools. This isn’t one-size-fits-all therapy; it’s healing that honors who you are and where you come from.
(757) 208-4727 View (757) 208-4727
Photo of Lauren Chester, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, PMH-C
Lauren Chester
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, PMH-C
4 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23451
Not accepting new clients
It can be challenging to seek help, especially when you're feeling anxious, depressed, or overwhelmed. You are officially taking the first step! Therapy is an investment in yourself; together we can begin a journey of hope and healing. Whether you are navigating a new life transition, coping with anxiety, depression, trauma, OCD, perinatal concerns, grief/loss — you are worthy of support and a nonjudgemental, safe space where you can explore your life experiences and heal.
It can be challenging to seek help, especially when you're feeling anxious, depressed, or overwhelmed. You are officially taking the first step! Therapy is an investment in yourself; together we can begin a journey of hope and healing. Whether you are navigating a new life transition, coping with anxiety, depression, trauma, OCD, perinatal concerns, grief/loss — you are worthy of support and a nonjudgemental, safe space where you can explore your life experiences and heal.
(757) 210-7274 View (757) 210-7274
Photo of Felicia Wallace, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Felicia Wallace
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I am an LCSW working with all walks of life. I work with depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, adjustment disorder, complicated grief, communication, relationships, and mood disorders. Gestalt therapy, CBT, solution-focused, grief therapy, trauma-informed. Motivational interviewing, narrative therapy. My client approach is CBT, looking at how your thinking influences desired behaviors, wanted or wanted. Solution-focused in regards to setting goals that need solutions. Trauma-informed therapy to look at past traumas that may be hindering you, and grief therapy.
I am an LCSW working with all walks of life. I work with depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, adjustment disorder, complicated grief, communication, relationships, and mood disorders. Gestalt therapy, CBT, solution-focused, grief therapy, trauma-informed. Motivational interviewing, narrative therapy. My client approach is CBT, looking at how your thinking influences desired behaviors, wanted or wanted. Solution-focused in regards to setting goals that need solutions. Trauma-informed therapy to look at past traumas that may be hindering you, and grief therapy.
(872) 224-5659 View (872) 224-5659
Photo of Dr. Alyssa Medina, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Dr. Alyssa Medina
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
3 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23462
Waitlist for new clients
Life is a process of change and growth and I am here to help you navigate that journey. My goal is to create a supportive, trusting, and empowering therapeutic environment where you can feel free to express yourself fully without judgment. Together, we can work to identify aspects of your life that may be keeping you stuck or causing you distress and to find unique solutions to your needs. Reaching out for help can feel scary, embarrassing, or like you are too weak to handle life alone but on the other side of these feelings is the opportunity for increased self-confidence, improved mood, and greater life satisfaction.
Life is a process of change and growth and I am here to help you navigate that journey. My goal is to create a supportive, trusting, and empowering therapeutic environment where you can feel free to express yourself fully without judgment. Together, we can work to identify aspects of your life that may be keeping you stuck or causing you distress and to find unique solutions to your needs. Reaching out for help can feel scary, embarrassing, or like you are too weak to handle life alone but on the other side of these feelings is the opportunity for increased self-confidence, improved mood, and greater life satisfaction.
(757) 992-9194 View (757) 992-9194
Photo of Sherrial Swiney, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sherrial Swiney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
Sherrial Swiney, LCSW, helps children, teens, adults, and seniors across Virginia build practical skills to manage life’s challenges and improve their emotional well-being. At LifeStance Health, she provides compassionate, evidence-based mental health care for individuals and families seeking support with anxiety, depression, and ADHD. Whether a child is struggling with school avoidance, a teen is navigating identity and peer stress, or an adult is coping with life transitions, Sherrial partners with each client to create a personalized path toward stability and growth in communities throughout VA.
Sherrial Swiney, LCSW, helps children, teens, adults, and seniors across Virginia build practical skills to manage life’s challenges and improve their emotional well-being. At LifeStance Health, she provides compassionate, evidence-based mental health care for individuals and families seeking support with anxiety, depression, and ADHD. Whether a child is struggling with school avoidance, a teen is navigating identity and peer stress, or an adult is coping with life transitions, Sherrial partners with each client to create a personalized path toward stability and growth in communities throughout VA.
(757) 863-1152 View (757) 863-1152
Photo of Eddy Rocha, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LSATP
Eddy Rocha
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LSATP
2 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
Are you struggling to reach your full potential? I am a Bilingual (Spanish and English) Licensed Professional Counselor and Licensed Substance Abuse Treatment Provider, and I am currently accepting new clients! Have you struggled to find a counselor who can understand you? Are you a teen, or adult who needs help taking control of your own well-being?
Are you struggling to reach your full potential? I am a Bilingual (Spanish and English) Licensed Professional Counselor and Licensed Substance Abuse Treatment Provider, and I am currently accepting new clients! Have you struggled to find a counselor who can understand you? Are you a teen, or adult who needs help taking control of your own well-being?
(757) 210-7736 View (757) 210-7736
Photo of Arielle T. Leeberg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RYT, KAP
Arielle T. Leeberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RYT, KAP
1 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23456
Have you been feeling overwhelmed, you just don’t know what to do and nothing seems to be working? The emotional and mental weight of life can often lead us to feel unsure and unsafe in our own mind and in our bodies. My passion aligns with helping individuals navigate and manage their emotions and thoughts by developing awareness of their triggers, acceptance as to why this may be happening, and coping skills to help us transform/evolve. I use an integrative approach including traditional psychotherapy as well as somatic interventions, Ketamine Assisted Therapy(KAP), breathing exercises, Yoga, meditations and guided visualizations.
Have you been feeling overwhelmed, you just don’t know what to do and nothing seems to be working? The emotional and mental weight of life can often lead us to feel unsure and unsafe in our own mind and in our bodies. My passion aligns with helping individuals navigate and manage their emotions and thoughts by developing awareness of their triggers, acceptance as to why this may be happening, and coping skills to help us transform/evolve. I use an integrative approach including traditional psychotherapy as well as somatic interventions, Ketamine Assisted Therapy(KAP), breathing exercises, Yoga, meditations and guided visualizations.
(757) 210-7199 View (757) 210-7199
Photo of Eva F. Sloan - Amazing Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Amazing Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
You haven’t been feeling like yourself lately. You aren’t sure exactly what it is that's causing you to overthink or just your anxiety? Are you sad or is it the season changing? You are becoming easily frustrated with people and things that usually don’t bother you.
You haven’t been feeling like yourself lately. You aren’t sure exactly what it is that's causing you to overthink or just your anxiety? Are you sad or is it the season changing? You are becoming easily frustrated with people and things that usually don’t bother you.
(757) 909-6805 View (757) 909-6805

See more therapy options for Virginia Beach

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Virginia Beach, VA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Virginia Beach, VA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
73% Trauma and PTSD
73% Self Esteem
72% Relationship Issues
72% Stress
60% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Aetna
77% BlueCross and BlueShield
75% Anthem

How Therapists in Virginia Beach, VA see their clients

53% In Person and Online
47% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
14% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Virginia Beach?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.