Therapists in Toano, VA

Photo of Autumn Duffy, Resident in Counseling, ME.D
Autumn Duffy
Resident in Counseling, ME.D
1 Endorsed
Toano, VA 23168
Hi, I’m Autumn Duffy, and I’m passionate about helping individuals, couples, and families navigate life’s challenges and build more fulfilling, connected relationships. I grew up in the Williamsburg, Virginia area and earned both my Bachelor’s degree in Religious Studies (2009) and my Master’s in Clinical Mental Health Counseling (2024) from William & Mary. During my graduate studies, I completed a double concentration in Addiction Counseling and Marriage and Family Counseling.
Hi, I’m Autumn Duffy, and I’m passionate about helping individuals, couples, and families navigate life’s challenges and build more fulfilling, connected relationships. I grew up in the Williamsburg, Virginia area and earned both my Bachelor’s degree in Religious Studies (2009) and my Master’s in Clinical Mental Health Counseling (2024) from William & Mary. During my graduate studies, I completed a double concentration in Addiction Counseling and Marriage and Family Counseling.
(757) 551-3688 View (757) 551-3688
Photo of Celeste McVeigh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Celeste McVeigh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Toano, VA 23168
Celeste McVeigh, LCSW, helps individuals and couples in Virginia navigate life’s most challenging moments with compassion, skill, and evidence-based care. She works with teens, adults, and seniors, offering support tailored to each person’s unique needs and circumstances. Whether guiding someone through a period of deep loss, helping a couple rebuild trust, or assisting a young adult facing anxiety and uncertainty, Celeste creates a safe, nonjudgmental space where lasting change can take root.
Celeste McVeigh, LCSW, helps individuals and couples in Virginia navigate life’s most challenging moments with compassion, skill, and evidence-based care. She works with teens, adults, and seniors, offering support tailored to each person’s unique needs and circumstances. Whether guiding someone through a period of deep loss, helping a couple rebuild trust, or assisting a young adult facing anxiety and uncertainty, Celeste creates a safe, nonjudgmental space where lasting change can take root.
(757) 566-7292 View (757) 566-7292
Photo of Katie Austin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Katie Austin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Toano, VA 23168
Katie Austin, LCSW, helps adults of all ages in Virginia navigate life’s challenges with steadiness, compassion, and evidence-based care. She provides individual and group therapy at LifeStance Health, offering a grounded therapeutic presence for adults seeking meaningful change and greater emotional well-being. Drawing on years of clinical experience since 2018, she supports patients through concerns such as anxiety, depression, and trauma while honoring each person’s unique story. Katie is particularly committed to helping individuals move through trauma-related struggles, anxiety disorders, and alcohol or drug use issues.
Katie Austin, LCSW, helps adults of all ages in Virginia navigate life’s challenges with steadiness, compassion, and evidence-based care. She provides individual and group therapy at LifeStance Health, offering a grounded therapeutic presence for adults seeking meaningful change and greater emotional well-being. Drawing on years of clinical experience since 2018, she supports patients through concerns such as anxiety, depression, and trauma while honoring each person’s unique story. Katie is particularly committed to helping individuals move through trauma-related struggles, anxiety disorders, and alcohol or drug use issues.
(757) 697-4643 View (757) 697-4643
Lauren Mears
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Toano, VA 23168
Lauren Mears is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia who has been practicing since 2020. Lauren has experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, anger management, trauma and abuse, coping with grief and loss, motivation, self-esteem, and confidence. She believes that each person is the expert of their own story, and their time is valuable. Together you and Lauren will highlight your many strengths and promote them to assist you in overcoming things that challenge you. It takes courage to seek out a more fulfilling and satisfying life and to take the first steps towards a change.
Lauren Mears is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia who has been practicing since 2020. Lauren has experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, anger management, trauma and abuse, coping with grief and loss, motivation, self-esteem, and confidence. She believes that each person is the expert of their own story, and their time is valuable. Together you and Lauren will highlight your many strengths and promote them to assist you in overcoming things that challenge you. It takes courage to seek out a more fulfilling and satisfying life and to take the first steps towards a change.
(757) 364-0710 View (757) 364-0710
Photo of Lauren Mears - LifeStance Health - Williamsburg, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
LifeStance Health - Williamsburg
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Toano, VA 23168
Making your first appointment can be one of the most challenging steps in your mental health journey. At LifeStance, we make it simple by offering both online and in-person therapy and psychiatry services, covered by major insurance plans.
Making your first appointment can be one of the most challenging steps in your mental health journey. At LifeStance, we make it simple by offering both online and in-person therapy and psychiatry services, covered by major insurance plans.
(757) 551-9892 View (757) 551-9892
Photo of Vickie Oshea, Counselor, LMHC, LPC, CASAC
Vickie Oshea
Counselor, LMHC, LPC, CASAC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Choosing therapy is a brave step toward change. I provide a safe, supportive space where you can share openly and focus on your goals. My approach is flexible and tailored to your needs—whether you’re seeking relief from stress, healing from the past, or clarity for your next chapter. Through telehealth, you can connect from the place where you feel most secure. You don’t have to face life’s challenges alone.
Choosing therapy is a brave step toward change. I provide a safe, supportive space where you can share openly and focus on your goals. My approach is flexible and tailored to your needs—whether you’re seeking relief from stress, healing from the past, or clarity for your next chapter. Through telehealth, you can connect from the place where you feel most secure. You don’t have to face life’s challenges alone.
(516) 418-8908 View (516) 418-8908
Photo of Susan Garnett, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS , LPC , ATR-BC
Susan Garnett
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS , LPC , ATR-BC
1 Endorsed
Toano, VA 23168
Not accepting new clients
Encouraging heart and mind to work together through experiential and non-verbal therapies is my passion. I believe in the healing properties of the creative process and I work to create safe spaces for people to explore their own creative process and experience the benefits of relationship and connection. Possible benefits could include promoting feelings of joy and well-being, increasing self-confidence and courage, learning alternative ways to express thoughts and feelings, promoting empathy, and fostering insight to help move toward change.
Encouraging heart and mind to work together through experiential and non-verbal therapies is my passion. I believe in the healing properties of the creative process and I work to create safe spaces for people to explore their own creative process and experience the benefits of relationship and connection. Possible benefits could include promoting feelings of joy and well-being, increasing self-confidence and courage, learning alternative ways to express thoughts and feelings, promoting empathy, and fostering insight to help move toward change.
(757) 566-1775 View (757) 566-1775
Asheleigh Britt
Pre-Licensed Professional, LRC
Toano, VA 23168
Asheleigh Britt, Resident in Counseling, helps individuals across Virginia navigate life’s challenges by offering compassionate, evidence-based mental health care tailored to their unique needs. She works with children, teens, and adults, creating a safe and supportive space where clients feel heard, understood, and empowered. Whether someone is coping with anxiety, depression, or struggling with attention-related concerns, Asheleigh partners with her clients to foster personal growth and emotional well-being.
Asheleigh Britt, Resident in Counseling, helps individuals across Virginia navigate life’s challenges by offering compassionate, evidence-based mental health care tailored to their unique needs. She works with children, teens, and adults, creating a safe and supportive space where clients feel heard, understood, and empowered. Whether someone is coping with anxiety, depression, or struggling with attention-related concerns, Asheleigh partners with her clients to foster personal growth and emotional well-being.
(757) 750-9515 View (757) 750-9515
Photo of Dr. Sharon Hopkins, Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LPC
Dr. Sharon Hopkins
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LPC
Toano, VA 23168
Dr. Sharon B. Hopkins is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia who has been practicing since 2001. She has a Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology. Dr. Hopkins helps clients by providing them a safe and non-judgmental space for them to express their thoughts and feelings. She works with them to ensure they feel valued and heard as she helps to process their hurts. Dr. Hopkins has experience helping clients with symptoms related to stress, depression, and some traumas. In addition, she helps individuals identify issues related to low self-esteem/confidence, relational problems, family conflict, grief/loss and forgiveness, and more.
Dr. Sharon B. Hopkins is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia who has been practicing since 2001. She has a Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology. Dr. Hopkins helps clients by providing them a safe and non-judgmental space for them to express their thoughts and feelings. She works with them to ensure they feel valued and heard as she helps to process their hurts. Dr. Hopkins has experience helping clients with symptoms related to stress, depression, and some traumas. In addition, she helps individuals identify issues related to low self-esteem/confidence, relational problems, family conflict, grief/loss and forgiveness, and more.
(757) 346-2517 View (757) 346-2517
Photo of Meagan Walkley, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Meagan Walkley
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 17 years of experience helping individuals and families navigate life’s challenges. I feel honored to walk alongside people who may be hurting or struggling. It has been amazing to witness to the benefit of counseling, healing, and growth in people’s lives. I am passionate about working with adolescents and young women. I believe deeply in meeting people where they are and walking with them through their journey with empathy and clinical expertise.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 17 years of experience helping individuals and families navigate life’s challenges. I feel honored to walk alongside people who may be hurting or struggling. It has been amazing to witness to the benefit of counseling, healing, and growth in people’s lives. I am passionate about working with adolescents and young women. I believe deeply in meeting people where they are and walking with them through their journey with empathy and clinical expertise.
(757) 923-6318 View (757) 923-6318
Photo of Brittaney Lacer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Brittaney Lacer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Clients that are motivated and open to share experiences to help meet your goals. Starting therapy can feel like a big step, but it’s also an exciting one! I applaud you for taking this first step toward growth, healing, and self-discovery. My passion is helping individuals navigate life transitions, anxiety, depression, and trauma, providing a space where you feel heard, supported, and empowered. Therapy isn’t a one-size-fits-all experience, which is why I take a client-centered, collaborative approach, shaping each session to fit your unique needs and goals.
Clients that are motivated and open to share experiences to help meet your goals. Starting therapy can feel like a big step, but it’s also an exciting one! I applaud you for taking this first step toward growth, healing, and self-discovery. My passion is helping individuals navigate life transitions, anxiety, depression, and trauma, providing a space where you feel heard, supported, and empowered. Therapy isn’t a one-size-fits-all experience, which is why I take a client-centered, collaborative approach, shaping each session to fit your unique needs and goals.
(804) 552-5606 View (804) 552-5606
Photo of Bjork Jonasdottir, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Bjork Jonasdottir
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Serves Area
I have been in the counseling field for over 20 years. I have extensive experience working with adults in crisis who have challenges that are creating an uneven balance in their lives. In my work, I have assisted clients who are working through complex trauma, PTSD, depression, anxiety, traumatic experiences, grief, anger, stress, and relationship issues. My goal is to assist you with developing a set of skills that you can rely on to improve your mental health and function in society.
I have been in the counseling field for over 20 years. I have extensive experience working with adults in crisis who have challenges that are creating an uneven balance in their lives. In my work, I have assisted clients who are working through complex trauma, PTSD, depression, anxiety, traumatic experiences, grief, anger, stress, and relationship issues. My goal is to assist you with developing a set of skills that you can rely on to improve your mental health and function in society.
(757) 994-1048 View (757) 994-1048
Photo of Sasha Kusno, Resident in Counseling, MEd
Sasha Kusno
Resident in Counseling, MEd
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Welcome! I’m so glad you’re here. I know reaching out for support can feel overwhelming, but my hope is that you find this to be a safe, judgment-free space where you can breathe, process what’s on your mind, and feel truly heard. I work primarily with adults navigating stress, uncertainty, grief, depression, and anxiety, and I also support teens 14 and up. I’m especially passionate about helping people through life’s big transitions—whether that’s pregnancy, postpartum, or simply finding your footing again when life feels heavy.
Welcome! I’m so glad you’re here. I know reaching out for support can feel overwhelming, but my hope is that you find this to be a safe, judgment-free space where you can breathe, process what’s on your mind, and feel truly heard. I work primarily with adults navigating stress, uncertainty, grief, depression, and anxiety, and I also support teens 14 and up. I’m especially passionate about helping people through life’s big transitions—whether that’s pregnancy, postpartum, or simply finding your footing again when life feels heavy.
(757) 758-6635 View (757) 758-6635
Photo of Eric Hardison, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Eric Hardison
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Serves Area
I specialize in working with adolescents but also had a long stint working with geriatric patients alongside a well-respected neuropsychiatrist in Texas. I've worked with substance addiction as a specialty in three states and have a long history of helping patients with childhood trauma. I have a general practice and work with issues such as anxiety, depression, LGBTQIA-related, and shame/low self-worth. My ideal client wants to change and is not afraid of doing a little homework between sessions.
I specialize in working with adolescents but also had a long stint working with geriatric patients alongside a well-respected neuropsychiatrist in Texas. I've worked with substance addiction as a specialty in three states and have a long history of helping patients with childhood trauma. I have a general practice and work with issues such as anxiety, depression, LGBTQIA-related, and shame/low self-worth. My ideal client wants to change and is not afraid of doing a little homework between sessions.
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Photo of Mary McGovern, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Mary McGovern
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
6 Endorsed
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
You matter. Your goals, needs, passions and struggles are important – and it’s my deep privilege to walk with you, whatever your path holds. With compassionate presence – and mindful of your strengths and history – we’ll work together to nourish insights, strategies, and resources that will best support you in overcoming difficulty and meeting life whole-heartedly. I bring a holistic, person-centered, attachment- and mindfulness-based approach to working with children, teens, and adults experiencing a wide range of life challenges.
You matter. Your goals, needs, passions and struggles are important – and it’s my deep privilege to walk with you, whatever your path holds. With compassionate presence – and mindful of your strengths and history – we’ll work together to nourish insights, strategies, and resources that will best support you in overcoming difficulty and meeting life whole-heartedly. I bring a holistic, person-centered, attachment- and mindfulness-based approach to working with children, teens, and adults experiencing a wide range of life challenges.
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Photo of Chanel Young, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Chanel Young
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
I am Dr. Chanel Young-Pope, a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 25 years of experience in the mental health field. Additionally, I am a Veteran of the United States Air Force and a former United States Army Officer, with a combined 24 years of military service. My passion is helping women, adults, veterans, and seniors address their unique challenges, including work-life balance, burnout, depression, anxiety, complex grief, trauma, relationship issues, adjustment difficulties, phase-of-life concerns, and major life transitions.
I am Dr. Chanel Young-Pope, a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 25 years of experience in the mental health field. Additionally, I am a Veteran of the United States Air Force and a former United States Army Officer, with a combined 24 years of military service. My passion is helping women, adults, veterans, and seniors address their unique challenges, including work-life balance, burnout, depression, anxiety, complex grief, trauma, relationship issues, adjustment difficulties, phase-of-life concerns, and major life transitions.
(757) 899-1458 View (757) 899-1458
Photo of Denise Tatum, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Denise Tatum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I'm Denise Tatum, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 8 years of experience dedicated to helping individuals, couples, and families manage challenges such as mental stress, life transitions, infidelity, divorce, family conflict, anger, ADHD, depression, and anxiety. I have had the privilege of working with children and families from diverse backgrounds in a variety of settings, and I pride myself on creating a comfortable and welcoming therapeutic environment where clients feel encouraged to be their authentic selves.
I'm Denise Tatum, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 8 years of experience dedicated to helping individuals, couples, and families manage challenges such as mental stress, life transitions, infidelity, divorce, family conflict, anger, ADHD, depression, and anxiety. I have had the privilege of working with children and families from diverse backgrounds in a variety of settings, and I pride myself on creating a comfortable and welcoming therapeutic environment where clients feel encouraged to be their authentic selves.
(757) 828-0972 View (757) 828-0972
Photo of Kimberly Harlow, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MEd, NCC
Kimberly Harlow
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MEd, NCC
Serves Area
The most important aspect of counseling is to establish clear goals that the client and counselor set together. I have worked with many families in the Juvenile Justice Department as well as individual and couples counseling. Life can be overwhelming at times and that is why goals and collaborative contracts within the therapeutic relationship help to sort each issue out individually while working towards the desired outcome. I have treated symptoms of anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, adjustment disorders, marital conflict, tic disorders, and oppositional defiant disorder as well as conduct disorder.
The most important aspect of counseling is to establish clear goals that the client and counselor set together. I have worked with many families in the Juvenile Justice Department as well as individual and couples counseling. Life can be overwhelming at times and that is why goals and collaborative contracts within the therapeutic relationship help to sort each issue out individually while working towards the desired outcome. I have treated symptoms of anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, adjustment disorders, marital conflict, tic disorders, and oppositional defiant disorder as well as conduct disorder.
(757) 517-3865 View (757) 517-3865
Photo of Lisa Frazier, Marriage & Family Therapist, LCPC, LMFT, NCC
Lisa Frazier
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCPC, LMFT, NCC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Currently keeping a waitlist for new clients! I have been providing counseling services to individuals, couples, and families for over 15 years and licensed as a Professional Counselor and Marriage and Family Therapist since 2014. I completed a Master's Degree in Couples and Family Counseling from the College of William and Mary in 2012 and have an array of clinically intensive experiences. I specialize in working with individuals struggling with various forms of depression, anxiety, trauma, grief/loss, ADHD, behavioral difficulties, and complex family dynamics and I strive to provide a collaborative and integrative model of care.
Currently keeping a waitlist for new clients! I have been providing counseling services to individuals, couples, and families for over 15 years and licensed as a Professional Counselor and Marriage and Family Therapist since 2014. I completed a Master's Degree in Couples and Family Counseling from the College of William and Mary in 2012 and have an array of clinically intensive experiences. I specialize in working with individuals struggling with various forms of depression, anxiety, trauma, grief/loss, ADHD, behavioral difficulties, and complex family dynamics and I strive to provide a collaborative and integrative model of care.
(208) 328-5947 View (208) 328-5947
Photo of Dane F Wendell, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS
Dane F Wendell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
Immediate Openings. Hello! I’m Dane Wendell, a dedicated Child Counselor with 15 years of experience specializing in helping children and adolescents navigate their emotional and behavioral challenges. My mission is to foster a supportive and empathetic environment where young individuals can develop resilience, self-awareness, and healthy coping strategies. I am passionate about guiding children through their unique challenges. My approach combines evidence-based practices with a deep understanding of each child's individual needs. Whether your child is facing anxiety, depression, or behavioral concerns.
Immediate Openings. Hello! I’m Dane Wendell, a dedicated Child Counselor with 15 years of experience specializing in helping children and adolescents navigate their emotional and behavioral challenges. My mission is to foster a supportive and empathetic environment where young individuals can develop resilience, self-awareness, and healthy coping strategies. I am passionate about guiding children through their unique challenges. My approach combines evidence-based practices with a deep understanding of each child's individual needs. Whether your child is facing anxiety, depression, or behavioral concerns.
(757) 210-7976 View (757) 210-7976

See more therapy options for Toano

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Toano, VA

20+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Toano, VA who prioritize treating:

97% Anxiety
86% Depression
86% Trauma and PTSD
69% Life Transitions
66% Grief
66% Coping Skills
62% ADHD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Aetna
81% Cigna and Evernorth
69% Anthem

How Therapists in Toano, VA see their clients

83% In Person and Online
17% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
11% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Toano?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.