Psychodynamic Therapists in Sterling, VA

Photo of Najwa Mohamed, Psychologist in Sterling, VA
Najwa Mohamed
Psychologist, PsyD, LCP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Sterling, VA 20164
My therapeutic approach has a psychodynamic foundation that utilizes behavioral, cognitive, and dialectical techniques.
Have you ever wondered why you are the way you are? Why you think the way you think, feel the way you feel, and do the things you do? I believe that psychotherapy can help anyone answer all of those questions and truly discover who they are and how they can help themselves. Imagine what your life would look like if you could identify how you are feeling in the moment, where it's coming from, and how to work through it effectively. My goal is to help you better understand who you are, help you identify your strengths, and provide you with the tools you need to help you achieve your goals and live the life you want.
My therapeutic approach has a psychodynamic foundation that utilizes behavioral, cognitive, and dialectical techniques.
Have you ever wondered why you are the way you are? Why you think the way you think, feel the way you feel, and do the things you do? I believe that psychotherapy can help anyone answer all of those questions and truly discover who they are and how they can help themselves. Imagine what your life would look like if you could identify how you are feeling in the moment, where it's coming from, and how to work through it effectively. My goal is to help you better understand who you are, help you identify your strengths, and provide you with the tools you need to help you achieve your goals and live the life you want.
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Photo of Marie Aleman, Counselor in Sterling, VA
Marie Aleman
Counselor, MS, LCPC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sterling, VA 20165  (Online Only)
Marie Aleman is a Licensed Professional Counselor who is passionate about integrating psychology and Catholic-Christian anthropology in order to restore hope and healing to suffering individuals. Marie uses a combination of emotionally-focused, cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, and interpersonal techniques in order to meet the particular needs of each client. Mrs. Alemán’s therapy is informed by her Christian faith, her educational training, and her personal experience as a wife and mother. Marie works to heal clients through individual, parent-child, family, or couple counseling formats.
Marie Aleman is a Licensed Professional Counselor who is passionate about integrating psychology and Catholic-Christian anthropology in order to restore hope and healing to suffering individuals. Marie uses a combination of emotionally-focused, cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, and interpersonal techniques in order to meet the particular needs of each client. Mrs. Alemán’s therapy is informed by her Christian faith, her educational training, and her personal experience as a wife and mother. Marie works to heal clients through individual, parent-child, family, or couple counseling formats.
(321) 616-8868 View (321) 616-8868
Photo of Jeannine Gohman, Psychologist in Sterling, VA
Jeannine Gohman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Sterling, VA 20164
I enjoy working with adults, teens and children but especially enjoy helping parents of young children exhibiting behavioral problems. When children misbehave they are trying to communicate their needs in an ineffective way. My psychodynamic training helps inform my ability to determine what’s really going on with children as well as adults. The psychotherapy I provide is conducted in a very compassionate and non-judgmental way. When people struggle they need to be heard - I’m a great listener but am adept at reading between the lines. I help bring to conscious awareness many underlying issues residing in the unconscious.
I enjoy working with adults, teens and children but especially enjoy helping parents of young children exhibiting behavioral problems. When children misbehave they are trying to communicate their needs in an ineffective way. My psychodynamic training helps inform my ability to determine what’s really going on with children as well as adults. The psychotherapy I provide is conducted in a very compassionate and non-judgmental way. When people struggle they need to be heard - I’m a great listener but am adept at reading between the lines. I help bring to conscious awareness many underlying issues residing in the unconscious.
(571) 290-2024 View (571) 290-2024
Photo of Steven H Steiner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sterling, VA
Steven H Steiner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LSATP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sterling, VA 20164
I combine cognitive-behavioral, mindfulness, emotion-focused, and psychodynamic therapies to help people explore and resolve emotional conflicts, let go of emotional distress and negative thoughts, shift from destructive to constructive behaviors, improve relationships, and find a greater sense of well-being.
Are you feeling anxious, depressed? Struggling with substance use? In a relationship that seems to be lacking in empathy and/or successful communication? Suffering from a combination of emotional and physical problems? I have 40 years of experience as a clinical social worker, including 20 years in private practice. I am licensed in Virginia in clinical social work and substance abuse treatment.
I combine cognitive-behavioral, mindfulness, emotion-focused, and psychodynamic therapies to help people explore and resolve emotional conflicts, let go of emotional distress and negative thoughts, shift from destructive to constructive behaviors, improve relationships, and find a greater sense of well-being.
Are you feeling anxious, depressed? Struggling with substance use? In a relationship that seems to be lacking in empathy and/or successful communication? Suffering from a combination of emotional and physical problems? I have 40 years of experience as a clinical social worker, including 20 years in private practice. I am licensed in Virginia in clinical social work and substance abuse treatment.
(703) 791-1316 View (703) 791-1316
Photo of Robin Knoblach, Psychologist in Sterling, VA
Robin Knoblach
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Sterling, VA 20165
My integrative approach relies most on psychodynamic and interpersonal approaches, and incorporates cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness techniques.
Welcome! I offer a warm, accepting, and confidential space to explore your problems and concerns, and a partnership where we can work together to address them. I approach therapy and counseling as a collaborative and relational endeavor where we put together my expertise with the strengths and the strivings that have gotten you this far. Together we will develop an understanding of the challenges you are struggling with and help you meet those challenges so that you can grow and thrive.
My integrative approach relies most on psychodynamic and interpersonal approaches, and incorporates cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness techniques.
Welcome! I offer a warm, accepting, and confidential space to explore your problems and concerns, and a partnership where we can work together to address them. I approach therapy and counseling as a collaborative and relational endeavor where we put together my expertise with the strengths and the strivings that have gotten you this far. Together we will develop an understanding of the challenges you are struggling with and help you meet those challenges so that you can grow and thrive.
(703) 454-8498 View (703) 454-8498
Photo of Best Life Therapeutic Services, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Sterling, VA
Best Life Therapeutic Services, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sterling, VA 20165
Our clinicians employ a multitude of treatment approaches to include; cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), coaching, psychodynamic psychotherapy, recovery model and an overall eclectic approach.
You've come to this site for a reason. Maybe it's for assistance with depression, communication, anger management, trauma, or you may be looking for someone to help your loved one. No matter the reason, you have made a big step in wanting a better life and that is an investment worth taking. As a practice with a diverse group of therapist, we have experience in an array of specialties to help assist with living your best life.
Our clinicians employ a multitude of treatment approaches to include; cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), coaching, psychodynamic psychotherapy, recovery model and an overall eclectic approach.
You've come to this site for a reason. Maybe it's for assistance with depression, communication, anger management, trauma, or you may be looking for someone to help your loved one. No matter the reason, you have made a big step in wanting a better life and that is an investment worth taking. As a practice with a diverse group of therapist, we have experience in an array of specialties to help assist with living your best life.
(571) 556-9198 View (571) 556-9198
Photo of Benjamin Wagner, Licensed Professional Counselor in Sterling, VA
Benjamin Wagner
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sterling, VA 20164
I utilize solution focused, cognitive behavioral and psychodynamic approaches tailored to each individual's unique circumstances such as: Depression, Anxiety, Adjustment Issues, Substance Abuse, Addictions, Relationship Issues and Life Stressors.
I am Licensed Professional Counselor with over 16 years of clinical counseling experience providing services in the Tyson's Corner area. I have worked extensively with adults and adolescents through individual, group, couples and family treatment modalities. I have a diverse professional background including community mental health, independent counseling groups and private practice.
I utilize solution focused, cognitive behavioral and psychodynamic approaches tailored to each individual's unique circumstances such as: Depression, Anxiety, Adjustment Issues, Substance Abuse, Addictions, Relationship Issues and Life Stressors.
I am Licensed Professional Counselor with over 16 years of clinical counseling experience providing services in the Tyson's Corner area. I have worked extensively with adults and adolescents through individual, group, couples and family treatment modalities. I have a diverse professional background including community mental health, independent counseling groups and private practice.
(484) 602-2249 View (484) 602-2249
Photo of Lee Wong-Holland, Psychologist in Sterling, VA
Lee Wong-Holland
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Sterling, VA 20163  (Online Only)
I employ an integrative approach of psychodynamic, family systems, and cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Are worries and sadness interfering with your ability to enjoy life? Do family tensions lead to daily conflicts? When stress becomes overwhelming, I will support and guide you to overcome the struggles and improve your mood. The goal of our collaboration is for you to feel confident in facing your challenges. As a therapist, I believe in building upon your strengths to create change, and tailor my treatments to meet your unique needs. My clinical interests include stress, anxiety management, adjustment issues, self-esteem and identity development, and emotional/behavioral control.
I employ an integrative approach of psychodynamic, family systems, and cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Are worries and sadness interfering with your ability to enjoy life? Do family tensions lead to daily conflicts? When stress becomes overwhelming, I will support and guide you to overcome the struggles and improve your mood. The goal of our collaboration is for you to feel confident in facing your challenges. As a therapist, I believe in building upon your strengths to create change, and tailor my treatments to meet your unique needs. My clinical interests include stress, anxiety management, adjustment issues, self-esteem and identity development, and emotional/behavioral control.
(703) 844-2492 View (703) 844-2492
Photo of Melaina Garrison, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sterling, VA
Melaina Garrison
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sterling, VA 20165
Using primarily psychodynamic and attachment theories, I aim to discover underlying subconscious motivations, increase clients' awareness of their inner self, and help my clients resolve undesirable patterns that may influence their behavior and relationships.
Now accepting new adult telehealth clients. — I can help you overcome any obstacles that you may be experiencing, strengthen those relationships most important to you, and find the peace, fullness, and happiness that you want and deserve. I also have extensive clinical experience working with children, teens, and young adults. I seek to create a safe, therapeutic space for my clients to open up—directly or indirectly—through the utilization of play, art, or talk therapy. I am also happy to incorporate a Christian perspective into therapy for those who are interested in a faith-based approach.
Using primarily psychodynamic and attachment theories, I aim to discover underlying subconscious motivations, increase clients' awareness of their inner self, and help my clients resolve undesirable patterns that may influence their behavior and relationships.
Now accepting new adult telehealth clients. — I can help you overcome any obstacles that you may be experiencing, strengthen those relationships most important to you, and find the peace, fullness, and happiness that you want and deserve. I also have extensive clinical experience working with children, teens, and young adults. I seek to create a safe, therapeutic space for my clients to open up—directly or indirectly—through the utilization of play, art, or talk therapy. I am also happy to incorporate a Christian perspective into therapy for those who are interested in a faith-based approach.
(571) 497-4579 View (571) 497-4579
Photo of The Center for Connection, Healing and Change (LB), Pre-Licensed Professional in Sterling, VA
The Center for Connection, Healing and Change (LB)
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMFT-R, LPC-R, LMFT , LPC, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sterling, VA 20166
Accepting new clients - The Center for Connection, Healing & Change was conceived as a sanctuary to facilitate joyful connection to ourselves and our loved ones. Our work focuses on the creation of secure, close, and satisfying relationships – within us and between us. We choose to specialize in relationships because we know the importance of satisfying relationships for our mental, emotional, and physical well-being. Services explore the relationship we have with both ourselves and others; how well we can live with emotional ease, know who we are, ask for what we need, and access our resilience in moments of hurt or stress.
Accepting new clients - The Center for Connection, Healing & Change was conceived as a sanctuary to facilitate joyful connection to ourselves and our loved ones. Our work focuses on the creation of secure, close, and satisfying relationships – within us and between us. We choose to specialize in relationships because we know the importance of satisfying relationships for our mental, emotional, and physical well-being. Services explore the relationship we have with both ourselves and others; how well we can live with emotional ease, know who we are, ask for what we need, and access our resilience in moments of hurt or stress.
(703) 782-8809 View (703) 782-8809
Photo of Jalynn Best, Licensed Professional Counselor in Sterling, VA
Jalynn Best
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sterling, VA 20166  (Online Only)
Hey there! I'm Jalynn, a licensed therapist that specializes in expressive therapy for teens and adults. I am passionate about providing creative and personalized interventions that cater to your unique goals. That's why I've crafted a therapeutic space that utilizes a variety of creative and expressive interventions. Whether you're a teen or an adult, life can present its share of challenges and transitions, leaving you feeling overwhelmed. My goal is to provide you with a safe, supportive environment where you can explore your inner thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, helping you find clarity and empowerment on your unique journey.
Hey there! I'm Jalynn, a licensed therapist that specializes in expressive therapy for teens and adults. I am passionate about providing creative and personalized interventions that cater to your unique goals. That's why I've crafted a therapeutic space that utilizes a variety of creative and expressive interventions. Whether you're a teen or an adult, life can present its share of challenges and transitions, leaving you feeling overwhelmed. My goal is to provide you with a safe, supportive environment where you can explore your inner thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, helping you find clarity and empowerment on your unique journey.
(540) 329-2280 View (540) 329-2280
Photo of David Sherman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sterling, VA
David Sherman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sterling, VA 20165
I am aware of the challenges of reaching out for help and hope that I can make this process easier for you. Together, we will explore options and learn better coping strategies for your particular situation. Whether this is your very first time in therapy or you are returning to treatment, my goal will be to help you feel comfortable with this process so that you get the most out of this experience. I am direct in my style and utilize humor and above all else good listening skills to assist you in this journey.
I am aware of the challenges of reaching out for help and hope that I can make this process easier for you. Together, we will explore options and learn better coping strategies for your particular situation. Whether this is your very first time in therapy or you are returning to treatment, my goal will be to help you feel comfortable with this process so that you get the most out of this experience. I am direct in my style and utilize humor and above all else good listening skills to assist you in this journey.
(703) 940-9091 View (703) 940-9091
Photo of Jacqueline Fleming, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sterling, VA
Jacqueline Fleming
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sterling, VA 20165
I view counseling and therapy as a means of self actualization ,where people can become comfortable in their own skins. Problems causing pain in the present are addressed as well as developing an understanding of each person's history in a way that allows the person to keep the positives but "unlearn" the lessons that interfere with current life satisfaction.Being understood and understanding oneself can bring comfort. I bring my professional training and experience to bear and provide a safe,confidential environment where this work can be done.
I view counseling and therapy as a means of self actualization ,where people can become comfortable in their own skins. Problems causing pain in the present are addressed as well as developing an understanding of each person's history in a way that allows the person to keep the positives but "unlearn" the lessons that interfere with current life satisfaction.Being understood and understanding oneself can bring comfort. I bring my professional training and experience to bear and provide a safe,confidential environment where this work can be done.
(540) 358-0958 View (540) 358-0958
Photo of Hannah G Lindsay, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sterling, VA
Hannah G Lindsay
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sterling, VA 20165
Are you looking for a therapist that is compassionate, warm, uplifting, and supportive? My strength as a counselor is connecting with my clients and helping them access their strengths and resources. I have experience with individuals of all ages from diverse backgrounds. The clients I have worked with have primarily experienced the effects of trauma, grief, and loss. For more than 16 years I have worked with individuals effected by domestic violence, sexual assault, and childhood sexual abuse. I enjoy working with parents who are navigating the challenges of raising children, especially those who have not had positive examples.
Are you looking for a therapist that is compassionate, warm, uplifting, and supportive? My strength as a counselor is connecting with my clients and helping them access their strengths and resources. I have experience with individuals of all ages from diverse backgrounds. The clients I have worked with have primarily experienced the effects of trauma, grief, and loss. For more than 16 years I have worked with individuals effected by domestic violence, sexual assault, and childhood sexual abuse. I enjoy working with parents who are navigating the challenges of raising children, especially those who have not had positive examples.
(703) 348-9776 View (703) 348-9776
Photo of Dulles Psychological Services, Psychologist in Sterling, VA
Dulles Psychological Services
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Sterling, VA 20166  (Online Only)
Psychotherapy provides a healing relationship and a safe environment to process experiences and develop insights into- and coping strategies for- current challenges. We will provide you or your family this therapeutic relationship, guidance through your path to growth, & the opportunity to learn new skills & enhance your life.
Psychotherapy provides a healing relationship and a safe environment to process experiences and develop insights into- and coping strategies for- current challenges. We will provide you or your family this therapeutic relationship, guidance through your path to growth, & the opportunity to learn new skills & enhance your life.
(703) 782-8286 View (703) 782-8286
Photo of Anthony J Flores, Licensed Professional Counselor in Sterling, VA
Anthony J Flores
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CT
Verified Verified
Sterling, VA 20166
I am a graduate of Divine Mercy University and a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia. I hold the belief that the counseling room is a sacred space in which God dwells and heals, and that as a counselor, I am called to walk alongside others in their brokenness and moments of challenge; treating each client as a divine appointment. I have been specially trained in an integrated model of contemporary psychology and Catholic/Christian anthropology and theology. I am also a Certified Facilitator/Instructor and Clinical Traumatologist with the Green Cross Academy of Traumatology, and have extensive deployment and field experience.
I am a graduate of Divine Mercy University and a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia. I hold the belief that the counseling room is a sacred space in which God dwells and heals, and that as a counselor, I am called to walk alongside others in their brokenness and moments of challenge; treating each client as a divine appointment. I have been specially trained in an integrated model of contemporary psychology and Catholic/Christian anthropology and theology. I am also a Certified Facilitator/Instructor and Clinical Traumatologist with the Green Cross Academy of Traumatology, and have extensive deployment and field experience.
(540) 210-1435 x1 View (540) 210-1435 x1
Photo of Paige Fishel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sterling, VA
Paige Fishel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sterling, VA 20166
Are you feeling overwhelmed? Are your relationships suffering? Maybe you're feeling anxious, sad, frustrated, angry or even desperate? I am a licensed psychotherapist, with over 20 years treating couples, families, adults, adolescents and their parents, with a particular focus on women's issues. I understand the impact of depression, anxiety, family conflict, even trauma and sexual abuse. I can provide you a safe, supportive, collaborative environment, to feel better again.
Are you feeling overwhelmed? Are your relationships suffering? Maybe you're feeling anxious, sad, frustrated, angry or even desperate? I am a licensed psychotherapist, with over 20 years treating couples, families, adults, adolescents and their parents, with a particular focus on women's issues. I understand the impact of depression, anxiety, family conflict, even trauma and sexual abuse. I can provide you a safe, supportive, collaborative environment, to feel better again.
(703) 348-0431 View (703) 348-0431
Photo of Samantha Blancher, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sterling, VA
Samantha Blancher
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sterling, VA 20166
Ideally, our early experiences of connection were secure, safe, accessible, and responsive and we developed an internal sense of ourselves as loveable, worthy, and deserving of getting our needs met. But what happens when this has not been our experience? Many of us have had to find ways to adapt and survive moments of disconnect, invalidation, or criticism. This can often mean we hold beliefs about ourselves that are limiting, worry that we have to hide or minimize parts of who we are, deny certain emotions, hustle for our worth, and/or build up layers of protection. I can support you to heal, connect, and create lasting change.
Ideally, our early experiences of connection were secure, safe, accessible, and responsive and we developed an internal sense of ourselves as loveable, worthy, and deserving of getting our needs met. But what happens when this has not been our experience? Many of us have had to find ways to adapt and survive moments of disconnect, invalidation, or criticism. This can often mean we hold beliefs about ourselves that are limiting, worry that we have to hide or minimize parts of who we are, deny certain emotions, hustle for our worth, and/or build up layers of protection. I can support you to heal, connect, and create lasting change.
(571) 520-5446 View (571) 520-5446
Photo of Caroline Ibrahim, Psychologist in Sterling, VA
Caroline Ibrahim
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Sterling, VA 20166  (Online Only)
Thank you for viewing my profile. Are you experiencing emotional pain? Self-doubt? Relationship problems? Difficulty adjusting to current stressors and life changes? Or is your child and/or family experiencing emotional, academic, or interpersonal difficulties? I am a Clinical Psychologist who values diversity and works hard with you or your family to improve your life and achieve your goals for therapy. I am experienced in working with adults, children, and families with issues related to depression, anxiety, self-esteem/identity, interpersonal/relationship difficulties, adjustment to changes, trauma, family conflict, and grief/loss. I also conduct psychological assessments & provide consultations.
Thank you for viewing my profile. Are you experiencing emotional pain? Self-doubt? Relationship problems? Difficulty adjusting to current stressors and life changes? Or is your child and/or family experiencing emotional, academic, or interpersonal difficulties? I am a Clinical Psychologist who values diversity and works hard with you or your family to improve your life and achieve your goals for therapy. I am experienced in working with adults, children, and families with issues related to depression, anxiety, self-esteem/identity, interpersonal/relationship difficulties, adjustment to changes, trauma, family conflict, and grief/loss. I also conduct psychological assessments & provide consultations.
(703) 349-7379 View (703) 349-7379
Photo of Ian Masson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Sterling, VA
Ian Masson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sterling, VA 20166
I have come to see relationship as a key factor in helping clients to flourish. Whether that is a child growing in relationship with their parents and peers through play therapy, couples and family members developing greater love and understanding for each other, or even an individual cultivating a healthy relationship with their own thoughts and feelings I seek to cultivate an attitude of curiosity and acceptance of both internal experiences and experiences with others. In doing so, the factors that are preventing healthy interpersonal and intrapersonal relationships are removed to allow greater gift of self.
I have come to see relationship as a key factor in helping clients to flourish. Whether that is a child growing in relationship with their parents and peers through play therapy, couples and family members developing greater love and understanding for each other, or even an individual cultivating a healthy relationship with their own thoughts and feelings I seek to cultivate an attitude of curiosity and acceptance of both internal experiences and experiences with others. In doing so, the factors that are preventing healthy interpersonal and intrapersonal relationships are removed to allow greater gift of self.
(703) 686-8246 View (703) 686-8246
Psychodynamic Therapists

Is psychodynamic therapy evidence-based?

Studies have found psychodynamic therapy to be effective in treating conditions like social anxiety, eating disorders, chronic pain, some personality disorders, and depression; indeed, some studies have found it to be just as effective as CBT or medication. What’s more, several studies have found that the benefits of psychodynamic therapy tend to endure—even grow—long after treatment has ended.

How long does psychodynamic therapy last?

Unlike CBT and other more structured forms of therapy, psychodynamic therapy tends to be open-ended and may not be limited to a set number of sessions. It is common for clients to be in therapy for a year or longer and to see their therapist one to three times a week, though the exact schedule and timeline may vary depending on a client’s challenges and progress. However, brief psychodynamic therapy is available, which tends to be more goal-oriented and typically unfolds over 16 to 30 sessions.

Does psychodynamic therapy work?

Research finds that psychodynamic therapy can help someone manage or reduce symptoms of diagnosable mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. The modality may also offer a range of benefits that are harder to measure but just as valuable—such as increased self-worth or healthier relationships. While no therapy type will work for everyone, research and anecdotal evidence suggest that psychodynamic therapy can be highly effective.

What are the limitations of psychodynamic therapy?

Some meta-analyses have concluded that there is little evidence to suggest that psychodynamic therapy can effectively treat certain mental health conditions such as PTSD, OCD, or psychosis, though it is sometimes used to do so. More broadly, the open-ended, free-association structure of psychodynamic therapy may be frustrating for clients who prefer a more structured, time-limited, or goal-oriented approach.