Therapists in Staunton City County, VA

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Photo of Beth E. Kaufman, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MT-BC, FAMI
Beth E. Kaufman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MT-BC, FAMI
Verified Verified
Staunton, VA 24401
Accepting new clients in January 2025. Many times we find ourselves disconnected and overwhelmed in a fast paced world. We forget what is most meaningful in our lives. We rush from one task to another and rarely pause long enough to ask if our actions support our deepest desires. You want to slow down. You want to feel more peaceful. You want to breathe. You want to know yourself on a deeper level. You want all of these things and yet you put your head down and keep pushing. Our work is getting clear on your deepest desires, slowing down and listening, and nurturing a healthy and sustainable connection to yourself and others.
Accepting new clients in January 2025. Many times we find ourselves disconnected and overwhelmed in a fast paced world. We forget what is most meaningful in our lives. We rush from one task to another and rarely pause long enough to ask if our actions support our deepest desires. You want to slow down. You want to feel more peaceful. You want to breathe. You want to know yourself on a deeper level. You want all of these things and yet you put your head down and keep pushing. Our work is getting clear on your deepest desires, slowing down and listening, and nurturing a healthy and sustainable connection to yourself and others.
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Photo of Jenna L Cohen, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Jenna L Cohen
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you spend too much time distressed about the past or future? Do you want to be more focused on the things that are important to you? I am glad you're here and seeking change & self-exploration! Therapy is a unique place to seek healing & growth, and it can only occur in a place where you feel safe, believed, & supported. I believe that the development of self-awareness, deepening meaningful and substantial connections with others, & improving emotional resilience creates a space for change, growth, and healing to take place. You aren't alone in this walk and you can be sure we're on the same team as you navigate therapy.
Do you spend too much time distressed about the past or future? Do you want to be more focused on the things that are important to you? I am glad you're here and seeking change & self-exploration! Therapy is a unique place to seek healing & growth, and it can only occur in a place where you feel safe, believed, & supported. I believe that the development of self-awareness, deepening meaningful and substantial connections with others, & improving emotional resilience creates a space for change, growth, and healing to take place. You aren't alone in this walk and you can be sure we're on the same team as you navigate therapy.
(540) 889-3285 View (540) 889-3285
Photo of Scott A Schmidt, Resident in Marriage and Family Therapy, MDiv, MAMFT
Scott A Schmidt
Resident in Marriage and Family Therapy, MDiv, MAMFT
Verified Verified
Staunton, VA 24401
Are you wondering if something could be better? Are you fed up with what's happening in your life right now? Then I would enjoy exploring how you might evaluate, create, or restore healthy relationships in your family, workplace, and community. If you are ready to change the level of conflict you hold with anyone in your life, including the person you see in the mirror every morning, let's talk soon!
Are you wondering if something could be better? Are you fed up with what's happening in your life right now? Then I would enjoy exploring how you might evaluate, create, or restore healthy relationships in your family, workplace, and community. If you are ready to change the level of conflict you hold with anyone in your life, including the person you see in the mirror every morning, let's talk soon!
(540) 386-0958 View (540) 386-0958
Photo of Amanda Kizer, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA, EdS
Amanda Kizer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA, EdS
Verified Verified
Staunton, VA 24401
I recognize and respect the courage it takes to begin counseling. My goal is to provide a safe, compassionate environment in order to work on identified issues and bring about hope, peace and well-being. Common concerns addressed in counseling include: play therapy, stress management, relationship issues, life transitions, grief, anger and attachment, and mood disorders. I work holistically, focusing on emotional, relational, spiritual, physical, and mental well-being. Counseling theories utilized include cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal process, and mindfulness.
I recognize and respect the courage it takes to begin counseling. My goal is to provide a safe, compassionate environment in order to work on identified issues and bring about hope, peace and well-being. Common concerns addressed in counseling include: play therapy, stress management, relationship issues, life transitions, grief, anger and attachment, and mood disorders. I work holistically, focusing on emotional, relational, spiritual, physical, and mental well-being. Counseling theories utilized include cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal process, and mindfulness.
(540) 584-8263 View (540) 584-8263
Photo of Derek Vanderveer, Resident in Counseling, M Ed, RC
Derek Vanderveer
Resident in Counseling, M Ed, RC
Verified Verified
Staunton, VA 24401
Life can throw so many things at us. Sometimes, challenges that we face can happen all at the same time which can feel overwhelming. Whether you are dealing with the loss of a loved one, learning how to navigate a new chapter of your life, or need healing from your past, I am happy to help. The client/counselor relationship is a important part of my counseling style. I will work hard to connect with you in order to achieve the best results possible in your life journey.
Life can throw so many things at us. Sometimes, challenges that we face can happen all at the same time which can feel overwhelming. Whether you are dealing with the loss of a loved one, learning how to navigate a new chapter of your life, or need healing from your past, I am happy to help. The client/counselor relationship is a important part of my counseling style. I will work hard to connect with you in order to achieve the best results possible in your life journey.
(540) 873-6417 View (540) 873-6417
Photo of Bevin N Yowell, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC,, BCN C
Bevin N Yowell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC,, BCN C
Verified Verified
Staunton, VA 24401
Hello, my name is Bevin Yowell and I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor. I have 25 years of diverse mental health experience working with professionals, students, and individuals who are interested in personal growth, symptom relief, and healthy systemic change.
Hello, my name is Bevin Yowell and I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor. I have 25 years of diverse mental health experience working with professionals, students, and individuals who are interested in personal growth, symptom relief, and healthy systemic change.
(540) 565-5443 View (540) 565-5443
Photo of Lisa Columbo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lisa Columbo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Things seem to have gone a bit haywire these last few years. Most of us who had been getting along well enough may find ourselves or our children struggling more lately. We don't have to wait for the world to change in order to feel better or to help our children. Let's work together toward managing your mind, body, soul, and relationships harmoniously.
Things seem to have gone a bit haywire these last few years. Most of us who had been getting along well enough may find ourselves or our children struggling more lately. We don't have to wait for the world to change in order to feel better or to help our children. Let's work together toward managing your mind, body, soul, and relationships harmoniously.
(540) 405-8877 View (540) 405-8877
Photo of Robyn Walden, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Robyn Walden
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with experience working with clients addressing issues related to trauma, addiction, limiting self-beliefs, life transitions, goal setting and sport performance.
I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with experience working with clients addressing issues related to trauma, addiction, limiting self-beliefs, life transitions, goal setting and sport performance.
(540) 660-3147 View (540) 660-3147
Photo of Andrea Dilley-Frame, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSAC
Andrea Dilley-Frame
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSAC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Are you feeling weighed down by anxiety, depression, mood swings, or relationship challenges? Struggling with alcohol or drug use, or feeling caught in patterns like codependence? Maybe you’re unsure about starting therapy or have had a less-than-great experience in the past. I understand that reaching out for help can feel daunting, but therapy doesn’t have to be unpleasant—it can be a safe, supportive space for growth and healing.
Are you feeling weighed down by anxiety, depression, mood swings, or relationship challenges? Struggling with alcohol or drug use, or feeling caught in patterns like codependence? Maybe you’re unsure about starting therapy or have had a less-than-great experience in the past. I understand that reaching out for help can feel daunting, but therapy doesn’t have to be unpleasant—it can be a safe, supportive space for growth and healing.
(540) 329-2542 View (540) 329-2542
Photo of Thomas Paulus, Psychologist, PsyD
Thomas Paulus
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Staunton, VA 24401
We all have suffering in our lives-- it's part of human experience. Too often, however, there is a layer of unnecessary psychological pain caused by unconscious defenses. We often resist painful feelings and the realities they point to. When this happens chronically we can get stuck in our resistance, becoming emotionally and physically sick. So our suffering increases. I work together with patients to build and/or embrace their capacity to honestly and compassionately face, untangle, and accept truths they can no longer resist.
We all have suffering in our lives-- it's part of human experience. Too often, however, there is a layer of unnecessary psychological pain caused by unconscious defenses. We often resist painful feelings and the realities they point to. When this happens chronically we can get stuck in our resistance, becoming emotionally and physically sick. So our suffering increases. I work together with patients to build and/or embrace their capacity to honestly and compassionately face, untangle, and accept truths they can no longer resist.
(540) 215-7694 View (540) 215-7694
Photo of Natalia van Rikxoort - Solutions-Focused Coach & ADHD Consultant, MSW, ACC
Solutions-Focused Coach & ADHD Consultant
MSW, ACC
Verified Verified
Online Only
During times of stress, uncertainty, and transition, it can be difficult to make decisions, achieve our goals, and find true fulfillment in our personal and professional lives. When we focus our attention solely on the problem, the path forward becomes unlcear. Solution-focused coaching can help you leverage your strengths, explore possiblities, and create an action-plan to achieve meaningful goals. As your coach, I will partner with you to develop a better understanding of your daily challenges, identify your strengths, clarify your goals, and create practical solutions and strategies to meet your individuals needs.
During times of stress, uncertainty, and transition, it can be difficult to make decisions, achieve our goals, and find true fulfillment in our personal and professional lives. When we focus our attention solely on the problem, the path forward becomes unlcear. Solution-focused coaching can help you leverage your strengths, explore possiblities, and create an action-plan to achieve meaningful goals. As your coach, I will partner with you to develop a better understanding of your daily challenges, identify your strengths, clarify your goals, and create practical solutions and strategies to meet your individuals needs.
(540) 215-8949 View (540) 215-8949
Photo of Dale Zarlenga, Resident in Counseling, MDiv, MA, RC, NCC
Dale Zarlenga
Resident in Counseling, MDiv, MA, RC, NCC
Verified Verified
Staunton, VA 24401
Are you wanting to grow closer to God, but always feel distant from Him? Are you struggling with feeling hurt by someone, stuck in a habit, or torn about a decision? Are you unable to break free from turning to things like pornography, alcohol, drugs, or even food to escape and find comfort? Do you struggle to find purpose at work or home? Is it difficult for you to connect well with other people? Do you believe you can’t be yourself around others? If you can identify with any of these questions, then it would be an honor to journey with you to find some resolution and healing.
Are you wanting to grow closer to God, but always feel distant from Him? Are you struggling with feeling hurt by someone, stuck in a habit, or torn about a decision? Are you unable to break free from turning to things like pornography, alcohol, drugs, or even food to escape and find comfort? Do you struggle to find purpose at work or home? Is it difficult for you to connect well with other people? Do you believe you can’t be yourself around others? If you can identify with any of these questions, then it would be an honor to journey with you to find some resolution and healing.
(540) 329-3092 View (540) 329-3092
Photo of Terra Jones-Steele - Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Staunton, VA 24401
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(540) 609-2531 View (540) 609-2531
Photo of Michele B Comer, Licensed Professional Counselor, BA, MA, LPC
Michele B Comer
Licensed Professional Counselor, BA, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Staunton, VA 24401
Hi, I’m Michele Comer, a licensed professional counselor dedicated to helping teens, young adults, and women navigate life's challenges. I specialize in trauma therapy, EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and I love helping my clients navigate anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, and life transitions. My approach to therapy is rooted in empathy and collaboration. I know personally that life can feel overwhelming at times, especially when you’re facing anxiety, trauma, or difficult emotions. It’s my goal to provide you a safe and supportive environment.
Hi, I’m Michele Comer, a licensed professional counselor dedicated to helping teens, young adults, and women navigate life's challenges. I specialize in trauma therapy, EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and I love helping my clients navigate anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, and life transitions. My approach to therapy is rooted in empathy and collaboration. I know personally that life can feel overwhelming at times, especially when you’re facing anxiety, trauma, or difficult emotions. It’s my goal to provide you a safe and supportive environment.
(540) 258-6301 View (540) 258-6301
Photo of Dr. Benjamin Pumphrey, MD
Dr. Benjamin Pumphrey
MD
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am a psychiatrist who provides psychotherapy for individuals interested in developing a better understanding of themselves to help address difficulties in a deep, meaningful way. Psychodynamic psychotherapy goes beyond homework and other exercises to look at relationship patterns, personality styles, and current experiences that may be contributing to your symptoms. Engaging in psychotherapy requires patience, a curious mind, and an honest desire to make changes. In addition to psychodynamic psychotherapy, I also provide psychiatric medication management if needed, diagnostic second opinions, and consultations.
I am a psychiatrist who provides psychotherapy for individuals interested in developing a better understanding of themselves to help address difficulties in a deep, meaningful way. Psychodynamic psychotherapy goes beyond homework and other exercises to look at relationship patterns, personality styles, and current experiences that may be contributing to your symptoms. Engaging in psychotherapy requires patience, a curious mind, and an honest desire to make changes. In addition to psychodynamic psychotherapy, I also provide psychiatric medication management if needed, diagnostic second opinions, and consultations.
(540) 416-9800 View (540) 416-9800
Photo of Mary Kay Rose, Licensed Professional Counselor, EdS
Mary Kay Rose
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdS
Verified Verified
Online Only
Welcome! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor dedicated to providing a safe, accepting and compassionate space where together, we can explore life's inevitable suffering and challenges. In my life and work, I value the power of relationships, wholeness, creativity and connection, both in life and in the healing process. It is a privilege to support people to connect more deeply with themselves and others and to explore issues of meaning, purpose, creativity and desired growth. Modalities that influence my work are Mindfulness, Yoga, ERP, CBT, EMDR, Breathwork, Psychospiritual Integration, Jungian, ACT and deep acceptance.
Welcome! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor dedicated to providing a safe, accepting and compassionate space where together, we can explore life's inevitable suffering and challenges. In my life and work, I value the power of relationships, wholeness, creativity and connection, both in life and in the healing process. It is a privilege to support people to connect more deeply with themselves and others and to explore issues of meaning, purpose, creativity and desired growth. Modalities that influence my work are Mindfulness, Yoga, ERP, CBT, EMDR, Breathwork, Psychospiritual Integration, Jungian, ACT and deep acceptance.
(540) 900-0292 View (540) 900-0292
Photo of Brian J Ede, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Brian J Ede
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Staunton, VA 24401
Life's journey is rough. Not every path is smooth or easy and many are difficult and even dangerous. There are times we need someone to walk with us; perhaps help us find a new direction. Having someone that understands because he's been there, makes all the difference in the world. In addition to working with couples and families, he enjoys bringing hope to men. He understands the struggles men face. He shares life and relational skills, including: developing problem solving skills, overcoming depression, reducing anxiety, having victory over addiction, growing through life development stages and recovering from the symptoms of trauma.
Life's journey is rough. Not every path is smooth or easy and many are difficult and even dangerous. There are times we need someone to walk with us; perhaps help us find a new direction. Having someone that understands because he's been there, makes all the difference in the world. In addition to working with couples and families, he enjoys bringing hope to men. He understands the struggles men face. He shares life and relational skills, including: developing problem solving skills, overcoming depression, reducing anxiety, having victory over addiction, growing through life development stages and recovering from the symptoms of trauma.
(540) 885-3481 View (540) 885-3481
Photo of Janet Mizzi Balser, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Janet Mizzi Balser
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Janet Mizzi Balser graduated with a Bachelors in Psychology from Hollins University and received her Masters in Counseling from Eastern Mennonite University. She has over 30 years experience of working with child abuse victims and other victims of trauma. She has a facility dog, Murph, who works with her. Murph is a graduate of Canine Companions for Independence. He assists his handler by making everyone feel comfortable so they can tell their story in a non-judgmental setting.
Janet Mizzi Balser graduated with a Bachelors in Psychology from Hollins University and received her Masters in Counseling from Eastern Mennonite University. She has over 30 years experience of working with child abuse victims and other victims of trauma. She has a facility dog, Murph, who works with her. Murph is a graduate of Canine Companions for Independence. He assists his handler by making everyone feel comfortable so they can tell their story in a non-judgmental setting.
(540) 609-2884 View (540) 609-2884
Photo of Kellan Wright, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Kellan Wright
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Specializing in processing adverse experiences, whether it's a known event impacting you or triggers that seem to keep popping up. Sometimes we can feel upset and not know what caused it. We can feel that our reactions are out of proportion with what we have experienced or that we should have "gotten over" our experiences by now. Our nervous system reacts to the world around us, our experiences, and our thoughts. Reactions that feel like they don't match up can be an indication of stored reminders of uncomfortable or traumatic experiences.
Specializing in processing adverse experiences, whether it's a known event impacting you or triggers that seem to keep popping up. Sometimes we can feel upset and not know what caused it. We can feel that our reactions are out of proportion with what we have experienced or that we should have "gotten over" our experiences by now. Our nervous system reacts to the world around us, our experiences, and our thoughts. Reactions that feel like they don't match up can be an indication of stored reminders of uncomfortable or traumatic experiences.
(540) 755-3882 View (540) 755-3882
Photo of Trisha McKeithen, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, SEP
Trisha McKeithen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, SEP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Staunton, VA 24401
Waitlist for new clients
Life was meant to be savored, not just endured, stuck on autopilot, or bound by anxiety and panic. Yet instability and disconnection can burden the body and mind, hindering our ability to connect with ourselves and others. I enjoy working with clients who want to feel more alive and at ease within themselves and more connected in their personal worlds. My clients often identify as creatives, empaths, or “out of the box” thinkers whose experiences have felt chaotic, unstable, or even traumatic. When traditional talk therapy has felt lacking or uninspiring, my passion lives in offering therapy that is creative, expressive, and gentle.
Life was meant to be savored, not just endured, stuck on autopilot, or bound by anxiety and panic. Yet instability and disconnection can burden the body and mind, hindering our ability to connect with ourselves and others. I enjoy working with clients who want to feel more alive and at ease within themselves and more connected in their personal worlds. My clients often identify as creatives, empaths, or “out of the box” thinkers whose experiences have felt chaotic, unstable, or even traumatic. When traditional talk therapy has felt lacking or uninspiring, my passion lives in offering therapy that is creative, expressive, and gentle.
(804) 534-1044 View (804) 534-1044
1

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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Staunton City County, VA

100+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Staunton City County, VA who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
87% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
76% Trauma and PTSD
75% Stress
69% Self Esteem
67% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Aetna
80% Anthem
78% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Staunton City County, VA see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
24% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Staunton City County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.