Therapists in Stafford, VA

Photo of Cherie Taylor, Licensed Professional Counselor
Cherie Taylor
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Stafford, VA 22554  (Online Only)
Congratulations on making a commitment to invest in your growth and positive life changes! Therapy isn't always easy, but if you are willing to do the work, I can provide the tools needed to help you be your best self. I have dedicated my professional career to helping people help themselves through life's biggest challenges. I have experience working with teens and adults in obtaining and maintaining every facet of healthy living. I adhere to a strengths-based, CBT approach that is client-centered and solution-focused.
Congratulations on making a commitment to invest in your growth and positive life changes! Therapy isn't always easy, but if you are willing to do the work, I can provide the tools needed to help you be your best self. I have dedicated my professional career to helping people help themselves through life's biggest challenges. I have experience working with teens and adults in obtaining and maintaining every facet of healthy living. I adhere to a strengths-based, CBT approach that is client-centered and solution-focused.
(540) 417-1125 View (540) 417-1125
Photo of Honore M Schrade, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Honore M Schrade
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Stafford, VA 22554  (Online Only)
Are you ready to embark on a journey of healing, resilience, and personal growth? I understand how hard it is and that taking the first step towards a better life takes a lot of courage. I am here to walk along side you as you take your first step toward healing from PTSD, anxiety, depression, grief and many more of life's challenges. I love teaching both individuals and couples new concepts and skills to improve their lives and heal the past. I enjoy learning about the brain and how to rewrite our negative thoughts to create positive behaviors and outcomes.
Are you ready to embark on a journey of healing, resilience, and personal growth? I understand how hard it is and that taking the first step towards a better life takes a lot of courage. I am here to walk along side you as you take your first step toward healing from PTSD, anxiety, depression, grief and many more of life's challenges. I love teaching both individuals and couples new concepts and skills to improve their lives and heal the past. I enjoy learning about the brain and how to rewrite our negative thoughts to create positive behaviors and outcomes.
(540) 565-5344 View (540) 565-5344
Photo of Cynthia Sherman, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cynthia Sherman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Stafford, VA 22554
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(540) 744-3761 View (540) 744-3761
Photo of Jennifer Smith, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jennifer Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Stafford, VA 22554
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(540) 517-5138 View (540) 517-5138
Photo of Allyson Molina, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Allyson Molina
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Stafford, VA 22554
Have you found that you constantly feel overwhelmed by your emotions or feel disconnected and numb? Are you plagued by traumatic memories and in return your relationship with yourself and others has been affected? Whether you are looking for relief from traumatic events in your life, suffering from anxiety/depression or looking to feel connected to who you are and the relationships that you hold close. It would be my honor and privilege to collaborate with you in a therapeutic alliance to achieve the goals that you want to see in yourself and in your relationships.
Have you found that you constantly feel overwhelmed by your emotions or feel disconnected and numb? Are you plagued by traumatic memories and in return your relationship with yourself and others has been affected? Whether you are looking for relief from traumatic events in your life, suffering from anxiety/depression or looking to feel connected to who you are and the relationships that you hold close. It would be my honor and privilege to collaborate with you in a therapeutic alliance to achieve the goals that you want to see in yourself and in your relationships.
(540) 274-2071 View (540) 274-2071
Photo of Emma Clay, MSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Emma Clay
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Stafford, VA 22554
Are you struggling in one or more areas of your life due to mental health related issues? Perhaps you feel as though you aren't fully able to live the life you desire. Mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress can lead to difficulties at work, relationship struggles, an inability to experience joy, etc. These obstacles can feel debilitating at times. It may feel as though you are lost in dark woods with no way out. Sometimes, all it takes is for someone else to turn on the flashlight. If this sounds familiar, then you have already taken the first step by acknowledging it!
Are you struggling in one or more areas of your life due to mental health related issues? Perhaps you feel as though you aren't fully able to live the life you desire. Mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress can lead to difficulties at work, relationship struggles, an inability to experience joy, etc. These obstacles can feel debilitating at times. It may feel as though you are lost in dark woods with no way out. Sometimes, all it takes is for someone else to turn on the flashlight. If this sounds familiar, then you have already taken the first step by acknowledging it!
(540) 787-2641 View (540) 787-2641
Photo of Robert Staaf - Support Paws ESA Letters, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Support Paws ESA Letters
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Stafford, VA 22554  (Online Only)
No Pet Policy? Breed Restrictions? Pet Fees? We Can Help! The only legitimate way to receive an Emotional Support Animal certification letter is to speak with and be approved by a Mental Health Professional licensed to practice in your state. Do not get scammed by websites claiming to offer instant approvals and having a "registry" or "database" that your pet will be entered into. Contact us to speak with an official Clinical Psychotherapist and receive a legitimate, guaranteed ESA letter for your pet! Currently available in DC, Virginia, Maryland, Florida, Utah, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Oklahoma, Ohio.
No Pet Policy? Breed Restrictions? Pet Fees? We Can Help! The only legitimate way to receive an Emotional Support Animal certification letter is to speak with and be approved by a Mental Health Professional licensed to practice in your state. Do not get scammed by websites claiming to offer instant approvals and having a "registry" or "database" that your pet will be entered into. Contact us to speak with an official Clinical Psychotherapist and receive a legitimate, guaranteed ESA letter for your pet! Currently available in DC, Virginia, Maryland, Florida, Utah, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Oklahoma, Ohio.
(540) 640-6155 View (540) 640-6155
Photo of Kendra M Griffin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kendra M Griffin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Stafford, VA 22554  (Online Only)
I have a particular passion for helping individuals who feel trapped or consumed by their past experiences. I often work with people with fear based belief systems. Fear based belief systems often arise from past experiences, or personal insecurities leading you to perceive the world through a lens of apprehension or anxiety. Clients come to me for help with feelings of inadequacy, failure, rejection or lack of control. We work together to identify and shift these beliefs as a part of personal development and growth.
I have a particular passion for helping individuals who feel trapped or consumed by their past experiences. I often work with people with fear based belief systems. Fear based belief systems often arise from past experiences, or personal insecurities leading you to perceive the world through a lens of apprehension or anxiety. Clients come to me for help with feelings of inadequacy, failure, rejection or lack of control. We work together to identify and shift these beliefs as a part of personal development and growth.
(540) 516-5022 View (540) 516-5022
Photo of Kristin Gartner - Bright Horizons Counseling Services, Licensed Professional Counselor
Bright Horizons Counseling Services
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Stafford, VA 22554
At Bright Horizons, we know all people face obstacles they don’t know how to overcome on their own which are stopping them from living their best life. When people don’t have the tools to overcome the obstacles they face, their lives often become hopeless and they give up. Bright Horizons provides a supportive space where people learn to overcome these obstacles, so they’re empowered to live their best life now.
At Bright Horizons, we know all people face obstacles they don’t know how to overcome on their own which are stopping them from living their best life. When people don’t have the tools to overcome the obstacles they face, their lives often become hopeless and they give up. Bright Horizons provides a supportive space where people learn to overcome these obstacles, so they’re empowered to live their best life now.
(540) 889-0813 View (540) 889-0813
Photo of Miosha Lamar, RIC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Miosha Lamar
Pre-Licensed Professional, RIC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Stafford, VA 22554
Miosha Lamar is a Resident In Counseling with a Master of Art degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Liberty University. Miosha specializes in working with teens, adults, and families. She has experience working in several settings including therapeutic day treatment, mental health skill building and intensive in-home.
Miosha Lamar is a Resident In Counseling with a Master of Art degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Liberty University. Miosha specializes in working with teens, adults, and families. She has experience working in several settings including therapeutic day treatment, mental health skill building and intensive in-home.
(540) 405-8774 View (540) 405-8774
Photo of Michele Gunter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michele Gunter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Stafford, VA 22554  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Virginia, with a career spanning over 26 years. I firmly believe in the power of empathy, being non-judgmental, and a strengths based-perspective to empower clients in developing healthy thinking patterns and effective coping skills to managing their life challenges. I am eclectic in my treatment approach, but consider the client/therapist relationship essential. We will work together identifying needs, goals and then create treatment plan that will best support those needs and goals.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Virginia, with a career spanning over 26 years. I firmly believe in the power of empathy, being non-judgmental, and a strengths based-perspective to empower clients in developing healthy thinking patterns and effective coping skills to managing their life challenges. I am eclectic in my treatment approach, but consider the client/therapist relationship essential. We will work together identifying needs, goals and then create treatment plan that will best support those needs and goals.
(540) 787-2503 View (540) 787-2503
Photo of Rosa Avant, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rosa Avant
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Stafford, VA 22554  (Online Only)
I strive to provide a safe, non-judgmental, and supportive environment where you can be free to be yourself. We will work together to process through your difficult times in order to reach your goals. I believe that everyone deserves to be free and live their lives to the fullest. As a person, I know that we all face difficult moments, but we don’t have to struggle alone. I believe that it is never too late for anyone to heal and have the life they deserve. Trauma is undoubtedly not the same for everyone; therefore, my counseling approach is personalized to meet everyone’s specific needs.
I strive to provide a safe, non-judgmental, and supportive environment where you can be free to be yourself. We will work together to process through your difficult times in order to reach your goals. I believe that everyone deserves to be free and live their lives to the fullest. As a person, I know that we all face difficult moments, but we don’t have to struggle alone. I believe that it is never too late for anyone to heal and have the life they deserve. Trauma is undoubtedly not the same for everyone; therefore, my counseling approach is personalized to meet everyone’s specific needs.
(540) 787-2511 View (540) 787-2511
Photo of Tatyana Maizel, MA, NCC, CTP
Tatyana Maizel
Resident in Counseling, MA, NCC, CTP
Verified Verified
Stafford, VA 22554  (Online Only)
I believe when we are able to feel safe, seen, and heard, we can heal. This is the basis for all healthy relationships, and my goal is to create a space for my clients to thrive based on this premise. With a trauma-informed approach, I understand so much shows up for us, including attachment and inner child wounds, grief, anxiety, depression, negative self-thoughts, and unhealthy coping skills. My goal is to help you understand what you've been through and create a new way of living that helps you feel most in connection with yourself.
I believe when we are able to feel safe, seen, and heard, we can heal. This is the basis for all healthy relationships, and my goal is to create a space for my clients to thrive based on this premise. With a trauma-informed approach, I understand so much shows up for us, including attachment and inner child wounds, grief, anxiety, depression, negative self-thoughts, and unhealthy coping skills. My goal is to help you understand what you've been through and create a new way of living that helps you feel most in connection with yourself.
(804) 571-7469 View (804) 571-7469
Photo of Andrea Graziano, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Andrea Graziano
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Stafford, VA 22556
My name is Andrea Graziano, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the Commonwealth of Virginia. I work with adults to help ameliorate symptoms of anxiety, depression, and relationship issues using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Person-Centered Therapy. I have found that adults grappling with anxiety, depression, and relationship issues feel empowered when they are able to shed old thoughts and habits. Clients feel better about themselves and develop a more positive outlook as a result of building new skills.
My name is Andrea Graziano, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the Commonwealth of Virginia. I work with adults to help ameliorate symptoms of anxiety, depression, and relationship issues using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Person-Centered Therapy. I have found that adults grappling with anxiety, depression, and relationship issues feel empowered when they are able to shed old thoughts and habits. Clients feel better about themselves and develop a more positive outlook as a result of building new skills.
(571) 339-5485 View (571) 339-5485
Photo of Mary Jo Betyak-Eisler, LMHC, LPC, CSAC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mary Jo Betyak-Eisler
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC, LPC, CSAC
Verified Verified
Stafford, VA 22556
There are times in life when we feel like we are lost and don't know who to turn to or how to solve our problems. Asking for help is a sign of strength and we all need to acknowledge that getting extra support is a step in the right direction. You might be dealing with depression, stress, anxiety, grief, relationship conflicts(parenting, marital, friends, family, co-workers), identity issues, self confidence, life transitions, anger or any of these difficulties due to past trauma. Counseling can be a place to get that support and realize your potential to make positive changes in your life.
There are times in life when we feel like we are lost and don't know who to turn to or how to solve our problems. Asking for help is a sign of strength and we all need to acknowledge that getting extra support is a step in the right direction. You might be dealing with depression, stress, anxiety, grief, relationship conflicts(parenting, marital, friends, family, co-workers), identity issues, self confidence, life transitions, anger or any of these difficulties due to past trauma. Counseling can be a place to get that support and realize your potential to make positive changes in your life.
(540) 452-9962 View (540) 452-9962
Photo of Tiffany M Jones, LPC-S, PhD-c, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tiffany M Jones
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, PhD-c, NCC
Verified Verified
Stafford, VA 22554  (Online Only)
My name is Tiffany, and I'm so glad you're here! I have been involved in psychotherapy for almost a decade. As your therapist, I strive to create a safe and compassionate space where you can explore and address your challenges. I bring a blend of expertise, transparency, and a genuine sense of empathy to our work together, always focusing on your unique needs. My humor and down-to-earth approach help to make the therapeutic process not only practical but also approachable. I'm committed to supporting you every step of the way as we work towards your goals.
My name is Tiffany, and I'm so glad you're here! I have been involved in psychotherapy for almost a decade. As your therapist, I strive to create a safe and compassionate space where you can explore and address your challenges. I bring a blend of expertise, transparency, and a genuine sense of empathy to our work together, always focusing on your unique needs. My humor and down-to-earth approach help to make the therapeutic process not only practical but also approachable. I'm committed to supporting you every step of the way as we work towards your goals.
(540) 530-4767 View (540) 530-4767
Photo of Tamara Carter, LSATP, CCTP-II, CGP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tamara Carter
Licensed Professional Counselor, LSATP, CCTP-II, CGP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Stafford, VA 22554  (Online Only)
My role as a therapist is to provide an environment that is inviting and beneficial to you.  That means that, at all times, I will accept you as you are and be respectful of your rights, your time, and your position as architect and navigator of your own journey.  I will continually work to build and establish trust with you, being transparent and genuine during our interactions, so that you feel safe and comfortable enough to do the very important work ahead of you.
My role as a therapist is to provide an environment that is inviting and beneficial to you.  That means that, at all times, I will accept you as you are and be respectful of your rights, your time, and your position as architect and navigator of your own journey.  I will continually work to build and establish trust with you, being transparent and genuine during our interactions, so that you feel safe and comfortable enough to do the very important work ahead of you.
(571) 600-6940 View (571) 600-6940
Photo of Mary Ann Byrne, MEd, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mary Ann Byrne
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Stafford, VA 22554
TELEHEALTH AVAILABLE I work with children and adolescents experiencing issues with social skills, learning difficulties, Autism, depression, anxiety, divorce and oppositional behaviors. I also work with parents on how to parent a child with ODD, ADHD and Autism. Children, tweens and teens who are struggling with self-esteem, divorce, peer relations, school issues, depression or anxiety are my passion. I want to help them learn to navigate their young world more effectively and achieve their potential.
TELEHEALTH AVAILABLE I work with children and adolescents experiencing issues with social skills, learning difficulties, Autism, depression, anxiety, divorce and oppositional behaviors. I also work with parents on how to parent a child with ODD, ADHD and Autism. Children, tweens and teens who are struggling with self-esteem, divorce, peer relations, school issues, depression or anxiety are my passion. I want to help them learn to navigate their young world more effectively and achieve their potential.
(540) 698-3727 View (540) 698-3727
Photo of Kandra Orr, MS, ATR-BC, Art Therapist
Kandra Orr
Art Therapist, MS, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
Stafford, VA 22554
Do you long for more peace of mind and relief from troubling feelings? I am devoted to nurturing the mind and spirit. I use a holistic approach to help you develop insight as well as the power of creativity to help you process and transform difficult thoughts and feelings.
Do you long for more peace of mind and relief from troubling feelings? I am devoted to nurturing the mind and spirit. I use a holistic approach to help you develop insight as well as the power of creativity to help you process and transform difficult thoughts and feelings.
(540) 307-4909 View (540) 307-4909
Photo of Mabel Amara, MEd, LPC-R
Mabel Amara
Resident in Counseling, MEd, LPC-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Stafford, VA 22554
I was born and raised in Northern Virginia, and I am a first-generation American. I became a counselor because I believe in the power of change and the necessity of healing to create better lives for ourselves. I recently graduated from William & Mary with my M.Ed. in Clinical Mental Health Counseling with a concentration in marriage, family, and couples counseling. I am a warm, transparent, and insatiably curious counselor. I use a developmental and integrative framework that includes emotionally focused therapy, EMDR, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
I was born and raised in Northern Virginia, and I am a first-generation American. I became a counselor because I believe in the power of change and the necessity of healing to create better lives for ourselves. I recently graduated from William & Mary with my M.Ed. in Clinical Mental Health Counseling with a concentration in marriage, family, and couples counseling. I am a warm, transparent, and insatiably curious counselor. I use a developmental and integrative framework that includes emotionally focused therapy, EMDR, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
(540) 401-5715 View (540) 401-5715
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Stafford, VA

300+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Stafford, VA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
75% Trauma and PTSD
72% Coping Skills
71% Stress
69% Self Esteem
64% Grief

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
84% Cigna and Evernorth
83% Aetna

How Therapists in Stafford, VA see their clients

51% Online Only
49% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

91% Female
9% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Stafford?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.