Therapists in Sandy Hook, VA

Photo of Yvonne-da Copeland, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Yvonne-da Copeland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sandy Hook, VA 23153
Hello! I have been a licensed clinical social worker and psychotherapist for 15 years. I specialize in working with issues like anger management, anxiety, depression, coping skills, and stress. I’ve worked with the general population, as well as specific groups such as veterans and those with severe mental illnesses. I use evidence-based techniques and incorporate Christian Counseling, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Narrative, Motivational Interviewing, Psychodynamic, and more. Whether you’re grappling with the consequences of the pandemic, ever-present psychosocial stressors, or unresolved issues of the past, therapy can help.
Hello! I have been a licensed clinical social worker and psychotherapist for 15 years. I specialize in working with issues like anger management, anxiety, depression, coping skills, and stress. I’ve worked with the general population, as well as specific groups such as veterans and those with severe mental illnesses. I use evidence-based techniques and incorporate Christian Counseling, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Narrative, Motivational Interviewing, Psychodynamic, and more. Whether you’re grappling with the consequences of the pandemic, ever-present psychosocial stressors, or unresolved issues of the past, therapy can help.
(571) 497-5661 View (571) 497-5661

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Wendy Couch, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Wendy Couch
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Henrico, VA 23238
I am Wendy Couch, a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 8 years of clinical experience. I work with young adults, adults, and geriatrics and have experience in a variety of clinical settings, including community mental health and the VA Department of Corrections. I have worked with individuals who have depression, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety, and substance and alcohol use disorders. I also have experience working with individuals experiencing major life transitions, including divorce, occupational changes, grief, and stress.
I am Wendy Couch, a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 8 years of clinical experience. I work with young adults, adults, and geriatrics and have experience in a variety of clinical settings, including community mental health and the VA Department of Corrections. I have worked with individuals who have depression, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety, and substance and alcohol use disorders. I also have experience working with individuals experiencing major life transitions, including divorce, occupational changes, grief, and stress.
(804) 374-8907 View (804) 374-8907
Photo of Sirena Marie Pangelinan, LPC-R, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Sirena Marie Pangelinan
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC-R, MS
Verified Verified
Henrico, VA 23238
Sirena has received an MS in Clinical Mental Health Counseling, and has nearly 10 years of professional experience with clients from all walks of life. Sirena has worked in a myriad of different counseling realms, including work with children, adolescents, adults, geriatric clients, families, couples, residential facilities for individuals with severe mental illness, intellectual disabilities and eating disorders; and the complex array of concerns that overlap these diverse individuals. Sirena's ideal client includes those open to lasting change, recovery, and healing. She is invested in those who are invested in healing and growth.
Sirena has received an MS in Clinical Mental Health Counseling, and has nearly 10 years of professional experience with clients from all walks of life. Sirena has worked in a myriad of different counseling realms, including work with children, adolescents, adults, geriatric clients, families, couples, residential facilities for individuals with severe mental illness, intellectual disabilities and eating disorders; and the complex array of concerns that overlap these diverse individuals. Sirena's ideal client includes those open to lasting change, recovery, and healing. She is invested in those who are invested in healing and growth.
(804) 587-8339 View (804) 587-8339
Photo of Sunny Kim, APRN
Sunny Kim
APRN
Verified Verified
Online Only
I’ve worked in a community addiction clinic for nearly 5 years and watched my patients taking small steps forward. It was a such eye opening and truly joyful experience. I hope I can help you take your steps forward. Accepting new clients in CT and VA.
I’ve worked in a community addiction clinic for nearly 5 years and watched my patients taking small steps forward. It was a such eye opening and truly joyful experience. I hope I can help you take your steps forward. Accepting new clients in CT and VA.
(475) 325-2972 View (475) 325-2972
Photo of Milo Harris, MSW, LGSW
Milo Harris
Supervisee in Clinical Social Work, MSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Henrico, VA 23238
Not accepting new clients
Given the climate we find ourselves in, it can be difficult to slow down, to pause. If you feel like you struggle with accessing and processing your emotions, have difficulty with a life event or transition, want to change habits, struggle in relationships, or are uncomfortable in your body, I'm here for you. I work with individual clients ages 3 and up, adults, and romantic/intimate partners to explore communication with self and others using mindfulness and evidence-based practices to develop holistic and lasting care. I offer telehealth in all of VA and DC, and in-person sessions are available at my office located in Henrico, VA.
Given the climate we find ourselves in, it can be difficult to slow down, to pause. If you feel like you struggle with accessing and processing your emotions, have difficulty with a life event or transition, want to change habits, struggle in relationships, or are uncomfortable in your body, I'm here for you. I work with individual clients ages 3 and up, adults, and romantic/intimate partners to explore communication with self and others using mindfulness and evidence-based practices to develop holistic and lasting care. I offer telehealth in all of VA and DC, and in-person sessions are available at my office located in Henrico, VA.
(804) 494-4009 View (804) 494-4009
Photo of Sarah Granato, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Granato
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23113
Sarah is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who works with children, adolescents, and adults. Sarah earned her master's degree in social work from Monmouth University School of Social Work. Sarah has more than six years of experience in community and school based settings where she provided group and individual therapy services to her clients. Sarah recognizes that everyone's needs are different and takes a person centered approach meeting the client where they are and focuses on their needs.
Sarah is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who works with children, adolescents, and adults. Sarah earned her master's degree in social work from Monmouth University School of Social Work. Sarah has more than six years of experience in community and school based settings where she provided group and individual therapy services to her clients. Sarah recognizes that everyone's needs are different and takes a person centered approach meeting the client where they are and focuses on their needs.
(804) 993-8144 View (804) 993-8144
Photo of Cara Joyer, LPC, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Cara Joyer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Verified Verified
Henrico, VA 23238
I provide trauma informed psychotherapy, specializing in complex trauma, eating disorders, perinatal & postpartum mental health, anxiety disorders and attachment. Clinically, my training has focused on polyvagal theory, attachment, ERP, IFS, CBT, DBT and the treatment of eating disorders. Prior to counseling, I worked as birth doula and childbirth educator, shaping my work as a therapist in supporting women during all stages of parenting. Understanding the unique challenges created by the intersection of career and family, I often work with clients who are seeking a healthier work-life balance
I provide trauma informed psychotherapy, specializing in complex trauma, eating disorders, perinatal & postpartum mental health, anxiety disorders and attachment. Clinically, my training has focused on polyvagal theory, attachment, ERP, IFS, CBT, DBT and the treatment of eating disorders. Prior to counseling, I worked as birth doula and childbirth educator, shaping my work as a therapist in supporting women during all stages of parenting. Understanding the unique challenges created by the intersection of career and family, I often work with clients who are seeking a healthier work-life balance
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Photo of Shelia Williams, MDiv,  LPC,  LSATP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Shelia Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor, MDiv, LPC, LSATP
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23113
Shelia E. Williams is a Licensed Professional Counselor and Substance Abuse Professional, who has been practicing since 2005. She graduated from Liberty University with a Master of Arts degree in Professional Counseling. Shelia believes in an eclectic approach which meets a person where they are. In addition she believes in understanding each client as a unique person with their own particular problems and then selecting research-based techniques from across different types of therapy in order to help that client grow in a personally meaningful way.
Shelia E. Williams is a Licensed Professional Counselor and Substance Abuse Professional, who has been practicing since 2005. She graduated from Liberty University with a Master of Arts degree in Professional Counseling. Shelia believes in an eclectic approach which meets a person where they are. In addition she believes in understanding each client as a unique person with their own particular problems and then selecting research-based techniques from across different types of therapy in order to help that client grow in a personally meaningful way.
(804) 657-6188 View (804) 657-6188
Photo of Diehdre Gregory-Holberg, Licensed Professional Counselor
Diehdre Gregory-Holberg
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Online Only
I'm a Licensed Mental Health Professional with over twenty years experience developing and leading successful therapeutic programs; as well as clinical experience specializing in trauma, anxiety, behavioral issues, and crisis management. I work to ensure that resources to clients are accessible and that clients feel supported while navigating the journey to healing. In addition to being a Licensed Professional Counselor, I possess degrees in Education, Behavioral Science, and Clinical Counseling.
I'm a Licensed Mental Health Professional with over twenty years experience developing and leading successful therapeutic programs; as well as clinical experience specializing in trauma, anxiety, behavioral issues, and crisis management. I work to ensure that resources to clients are accessible and that clients feel supported while navigating the journey to healing. In addition to being a Licensed Professional Counselor, I possess degrees in Education, Behavioral Science, and Clinical Counseling.
(804) 373-8421 View (804) 373-8421
Photo of Carla J. Crews, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carla J. Crews
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Have you tried traditional talk therapy in the past, yet still struggle with issues that are impacting your life and ability to have the relationships that you want? Are you ready to explore your problematic patterns of behavior and change them? I have experience with a number of evidence-based practices to help clients address their mental health issues in a way that will create lasting change and help them create a life with more meaning, purpose and capacity for joy. I enjoy working with individuals struggling with depression and loneliness, anxiety, mood disorders, personality disorders, trauma and PTSD, as well as OCD.
Have you tried traditional talk therapy in the past, yet still struggle with issues that are impacting your life and ability to have the relationships that you want? Are you ready to explore your problematic patterns of behavior and change them? I have experience with a number of evidence-based practices to help clients address their mental health issues in a way that will create lasting change and help them create a life with more meaning, purpose and capacity for joy. I enjoy working with individuals struggling with depression and loneliness, anxiety, mood disorders, personality disorders, trauma and PTSD, as well as OCD.
(804) 599-4454 View (804) 599-4454
Photo of Brittany Terotta, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brittany Terotta
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you someone who believes that life could be more than it is? Do you have a vision for your life, but you aren’t sure how to reach it? My goal as a holistic therapist is to help people to align with wellness and bloom into their authentic self. Along with being trained in numerous evidenced based psychotherapy models such as Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, EMDR and Internal Family Systems, I also have extensive training in Reiki, meditation, and other holistic practices.
Are you someone who believes that life could be more than it is? Do you have a vision for your life, but you aren’t sure how to reach it? My goal as a holistic therapist is to help people to align with wellness and bloom into their authentic self. Along with being trained in numerous evidenced based psychotherapy models such as Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, EMDR and Internal Family Systems, I also have extensive training in Reiki, meditation, and other holistic practices.
(540) 264-9076 View (540) 264-9076
Photo of Laura Giles, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Laura Giles
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Goochland, VA 23063
If you are sick and tired of being sick and tired, feeling like you are living someone else's life, or just tired of feeling stuck, it's time to change all that. Every one of us has the resources within us to live happy, fulfilled lives. You can too. Don't be discouraged by past failures. I specialize in dealing with the "hard to help." If you are ready to leave the pain behind and start a new future, call today. Let today be the day you turn your life around.
If you are sick and tired of being sick and tired, feeling like you are living someone else's life, or just tired of feeling stuck, it's time to change all that. Every one of us has the resources within us to live happy, fulfilled lives. You can too. Don't be discouraged by past failures. I specialize in dealing with the "hard to help." If you are ready to leave the pain behind and start a new future, call today. Let today be the day you turn your life around.
(804) 292-2653 View (804) 292-2653
Photo of Wendy Wasserstrom - Thriveworks Counseling & Psychiatry Henrico, Counselor
Thriveworks Counseling & Psychiatry Henrico
Counselor
Verified Verified
Henrico, VA 23238
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
(804) 376-1032 View (804) 376-1032
Photo of Stephanie Craddock, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephanie Craddock
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23225
My name is Stephanie Craddock, and I am a Clinical Social Worker committed to providing clients with a warm, supportive environment in which they can explore and grow. The clients I typically work with are dealing with stress and anxiety, maybe due to a major life change or having anxiety impact their life for no known reason. I also enjoy working with older adults and the people who care for them, as well as people who are experiencing parenting struggles.
My name is Stephanie Craddock, and I am a Clinical Social Worker committed to providing clients with a warm, supportive environment in which they can explore and grow. The clients I typically work with are dealing with stress and anxiety, maybe due to a major life change or having anxiety impact their life for no known reason. I also enjoy working with older adults and the people who care for them, as well as people who are experiencing parenting struggles.
(571) 506-7397 View (571) 506-7397
Photo of Tracie Ferguson, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tracie Ferguson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Henrico, VA 23238
I developed a love for working with children and teens early in my career because they are creative, energetic and naturally strive toward growth. With over 15 years of experience in school counseling and private practice, I consider how each child's developmental stage, environment and early experiences shape their mental health. Using compassion and curiosity, I help get to the root of what kids are trying to tell us through their behavioral and emotional challenges. My goal is to create a safe, accepting and judgement-free space where a client can share their struggles, gain tools and move forward.
I developed a love for working with children and teens early in my career because they are creative, energetic and naturally strive toward growth. With over 15 years of experience in school counseling and private practice, I consider how each child's developmental stage, environment and early experiences shape their mental health. Using compassion and curiosity, I help get to the root of what kids are trying to tell us through their behavioral and emotional challenges. My goal is to create a safe, accepting and judgement-free space where a client can share their struggles, gain tools and move forward.
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Photo of Dr. Bryan R Boyles, MSW, PhD
Dr. Bryan R Boyles
MSW, PhD
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23220
Doesn't it make sense to talk with someone who has actually experienced what you are going through? Someone who understands drinking and/or substance use can both cause problems AND provide much needed relief. I have been where you are, or somewhere close, and together we can find a way out. My ability to help is grounded in 10 years of active addiction, followed by 27 years of continuous recovery and 14 years of academic training (MSW, PhD). I understand the science, and I know the suffering. I work with others who have suffered, their families and loved ones.
Doesn't it make sense to talk with someone who has actually experienced what you are going through? Someone who understands drinking and/or substance use can both cause problems AND provide much needed relief. I have been where you are, or somewhere close, and together we can find a way out. My ability to help is grounded in 10 years of active addiction, followed by 27 years of continuous recovery and 14 years of academic training (MSW, PhD). I understand the science, and I know the suffering. I work with others who have suffered, their families and loved ones.
(804) 432-1474 View (804) 432-1474
Photo of Adrienne Loker, LCSW, EMDR, SE, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Adrienne Loker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR, SE
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Henrico, VA 23238
Get more therapy in less time. Our innovative clinical training, combined with our unique intensive delivery, achieves multiple years of therapy in just a matter of months. Our intensive therapy format – starting at 90 minutes – allows us to perform emotional surgery without the starting-and-stopping confines of the traditional 50-minute therapy model. Shed the legacy of trauma echoes and connect to what brings you joy. Try out our services for free by accessing our video library of trauma recovery tools, located in the Enrichment Collection on our website.
Get more therapy in less time. Our innovative clinical training, combined with our unique intensive delivery, achieves multiple years of therapy in just a matter of months. Our intensive therapy format – starting at 90 minutes – allows us to perform emotional surgery without the starting-and-stopping confines of the traditional 50-minute therapy model. Shed the legacy of trauma echoes and connect to what brings you joy. Try out our services for free by accessing our video library of trauma recovery tools, located in the Enrichment Collection on our website.
(804) 636-3224 View (804) 636-3224
Photo of Bianca Kwan, MSW
Bianca Kwan
Supervisee in Clinical Social Work, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Henrico, VA 23238
At its core, therapy is about fostering self-awareness and self-efficacy. This allows people to reclaim control in their lives, to make meaningful change. If that is something that aligns with you, I am here to offer support! I serve a variety of clients - adolescents, teenagers, and adults. Particularly those who are navigating periods of life transitions. I also specialize in working with individuals within the AAPI community.
At its core, therapy is about fostering self-awareness and self-efficacy. This allows people to reclaim control in their lives, to make meaningful change. If that is something that aligns with you, I am here to offer support! I serve a variety of clients - adolescents, teenagers, and adults. Particularly those who are navigating periods of life transitions. I also specialize in working with individuals within the AAPI community.
(804) 570-2730 View (804) 570-2730
Photo of Danielle Crane, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Danielle Crane
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Cumberland, VA 23040
Greetings! I am Danielle Crane, Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia. My focus areas include Anxiety, Coping Skills, Depression, Relationship Issues, Self Esteem, etc. I have been a practicing Clinician for over 10 years. I have experience working with various individuals (children, adolescents, adults) who have a wide range of needs, including anxiety, depression, anger management, boundary issues, conduct issues, and interpersonal communication skills.
Greetings! I am Danielle Crane, Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia. My focus areas include Anxiety, Coping Skills, Depression, Relationship Issues, Self Esteem, etc. I have been a practicing Clinician for over 10 years. I have experience working with various individuals (children, adolescents, adults) who have a wide range of needs, including anxiety, depression, anger management, boundary issues, conduct issues, and interpersonal communication skills.
(757) 906-6105 View (757) 906-6105
Full Circle Grief Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Henrico, VA 23238
Full Circle Grief Center's mission is to provide comprehensive professional bereavement support to children, adults, families, and communities. Since 2008, we have facilitated support groups and educational programs in Richmond and the surrounding communities. In 2018, our services expanded to include individual counseling for children (ages 3-17) and adults grieving the death of a loved one. During this one-on-one service, our therapists strive to provide a personal approach to grief support, working to understand your current needs and offering a safe place of acceptance to work through these needs.
Full Circle Grief Center's mission is to provide comprehensive professional bereavement support to children, adults, families, and communities. Since 2008, we have facilitated support groups and educational programs in Richmond and the surrounding communities. In 2018, our services expanded to include individual counseling for children (ages 3-17) and adults grieving the death of a loved one. During this one-on-one service, our therapists strive to provide a personal approach to grief support, working to understand your current needs and offering a safe place of acceptance to work through these needs.
(804) 374-9540 View (804) 374-9540

See more therapy options for Sandy Hook

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sandy Hook, VA

< 10

Therapists in Sandy Hook, VA who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Anger Management
100% Career Counseling
100% Sleep or Insomnia
100% Coping Skills
100% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

17 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Coventry

How Therapists in Sandy Hook, VA see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sandy Hook?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.