Therapists in Rockbridge County, VA

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Photo of Paul A Bello - Bello Counseling, LLC, LPC, CCEP, Counselor
Bello Counseling, LLC
Counselor, LPC, CCEP
Verified Verified
Fairfield, VA 24435  (Online Only)
As a solution-focused therapist, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life today. By applying complementary therapy approaches and techniques, we will unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
As a solution-focused therapist, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life today. By applying complementary therapy approaches and techniques, we will unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
(540) 235-5563 View (540) 235-5563
Photo of Krystie Wilson, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Krystie Wilson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Raphine, VA 24472
Hi there. I am Krystie Wilson. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC). More specifically, I am someone who strives to create healthy changes in the lives of my clients. I find that we spend a lot of our lives in our own heads; focused on what has happened or what isn't happening. If you feel that you are struggling with silencing the negative thoughts, feeling alone, or being unable to move forward in your life, I can work with you to work get past the mental blocks, fears, rejections, and past traumas.
Hi there. I am Krystie Wilson. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC). More specifically, I am someone who strives to create healthy changes in the lives of my clients. I find that we spend a lot of our lives in our own heads; focused on what has happened or what isn't happening. If you feel that you are struggling with silencing the negative thoughts, feeling alone, or being unable to move forward in your life, I can work with you to work get past the mental blocks, fears, rejections, and past traumas.
(804) 676-6864 View (804) 676-6864
Photo of Nachelle Jenkins, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nachelle Jenkins
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Fairfield, VA 24435
Hello, I am an LPC who is passionate about supporting all my clients through current stressors until growth and healing occurs. I listen, process the desire, and utilize the best theoretical approach in efforts to gain measurable success. The desire to help through listening and establishing reasonable goals. What drives me are the passionate individuals who are self-aware regarding change.
Hello, I am an LPC who is passionate about supporting all my clients through current stressors until growth and healing occurs. I listen, process the desire, and utilize the best theoretical approach in efforts to gain measurable success. The desire to help through listening and establishing reasonable goals. What drives me are the passionate individuals who are self-aware regarding change.
(571) 946-5061 View (571) 946-5061
Photo of Stephanie Safos-Moriarty, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Stephanie Safos-Moriarty
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Goshen, VA 24439
My name is Stephanie Safos-Moriarty, and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Licensed Professional Counselor in the states of FL, VA, and CT. I offer counseling services for parents, individuals, couples, families, children, adolescents, geriatric clients, and all populations, including LGBTQIA+ and MOGAI, with a caring, compassionate, and genuine approach. I provide counseling services for parents, individuals, couples, families, children, adolescents, geriatric clients, and all populations, including LGBTQIA+ and MOGAI.
My name is Stephanie Safos-Moriarty, and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Licensed Professional Counselor in the states of FL, VA, and CT. I offer counseling services for parents, individuals, couples, families, children, adolescents, geriatric clients, and all populations, including LGBTQIA+ and MOGAI, with a caring, compassionate, and genuine approach. I provide counseling services for parents, individuals, couples, families, children, adolescents, geriatric clients, and all populations, including LGBTQIA+ and MOGAI.
(571) 946-4605 View (571) 946-4605
Photo of Christina Urcinas, PsyD, PhD, Psychologist
Christina Urcinas
Psychologist, PsyD, PhD
Verified Verified
I am a licensed Clinical Psychologist with over a decade of work in national and regional hospital systems, multi-disciplinary long-term care and rehabilitation facilities, and community clinics. I collaborate with adults experiencing a variety of mental health concerns including symptoms of depression, panic disorder, generalized and social anxiety, grief and loss, trauma, adjustment and self-esteem issues, and caregiver stress. I provide individual teletherapy services only at this time with a clinical foundation primarily consisting of cognitive-behavioral interventions.
I am a licensed Clinical Psychologist with over a decade of work in national and regional hospital systems, multi-disciplinary long-term care and rehabilitation facilities, and community clinics. I collaborate with adults experiencing a variety of mental health concerns including symptoms of depression, panic disorder, generalized and social anxiety, grief and loss, trauma, adjustment and self-esteem issues, and caregiver stress. I provide individual teletherapy services only at this time with a clinical foundation primarily consisting of cognitive-behavioral interventions.
(571) 701-2153 View (571) 701-2153
Photo of Yozaira Leon-Santiago, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Yozaira Leon-Santiago
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Yozaira Leon-Santiago, Virginia License 0701008987. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with 10 years of experience in the behavioral healthcare field. Currently I am a Bilingual (Spanish) mental health clinician in a detention center working with young immigrants. Before that, I served as MST (Multisystemic) therapist in the community that dealt with juveniles with serious criminal offenses and are possibly abusing substances. I am experienced with the emotional problems that occur in adults, adolescents and children. I have specialized training with family therapy, trauma depression and anxiety.
Yozaira Leon-Santiago, Virginia License 0701008987. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with 10 years of experience in the behavioral healthcare field. Currently I am a Bilingual (Spanish) mental health clinician in a detention center working with young immigrants. Before that, I served as MST (Multisystemic) therapist in the community that dealt with juveniles with serious criminal offenses and are possibly abusing substances. I am experienced with the emotional problems that occur in adults, adolescents and children. I have specialized training with family therapy, trauma depression and anxiety.
(540) 258-4023 View (540) 258-4023
Photo of Melissa Futreal, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melissa Futreal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
I began helping others in 1990 as a Peer Counselor (Drug Exemption NCO) while on active duty in the Marine Corps. After earning degrees in Psychology and Social Work at UNCW/ECU, I obtained licensure to practice independently with the Virginia Board of Health Professionals in 2004. I am originally from the Hampton Roads area but have worked internationally with people from many different backgrounds. I have continued to support the military, as well as the community at large, for over 3 decades with evidence-based treatments for trauma (PTSD).
I began helping others in 1990 as a Peer Counselor (Drug Exemption NCO) while on active duty in the Marine Corps. After earning degrees in Psychology and Social Work at UNCW/ECU, I obtained licensure to practice independently with the Virginia Board of Health Professionals in 2004. I am originally from the Hampton Roads area but have worked internationally with people from many different backgrounds. I have continued to support the military, as well as the community at large, for over 3 decades with evidence-based treatments for trauma (PTSD).
(571) 322-8908 View (571) 322-8908
Photo of Christina Urcinas, PhD, Psychologist
Christina Urcinas
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Goshen, VA 24439  (Online Only)
I am a licensed Clinical Psychologist with over a decade of work in national and regional hospital systems, multi-disciplinary long-term care and rehabilitation facilities, and community clinics. I collaborate with adults experiencing a variety of mental health concerns including symptoms of depression, panic disorder, generalized and social anxiety, grief and loss, trauma, adjustment and self-esteem issues, and caregiver stress. I provide individual teletherapy services only at this time with a clinical foundation primarily consisting of cognitive-behavioral interventions.
I am a licensed Clinical Psychologist with over a decade of work in national and regional hospital systems, multi-disciplinary long-term care and rehabilitation facilities, and community clinics. I collaborate with adults experiencing a variety of mental health concerns including symptoms of depression, panic disorder, generalized and social anxiety, grief and loss, trauma, adjustment and self-esteem issues, and caregiver stress. I provide individual teletherapy services only at this time with a clinical foundation primarily consisting of cognitive-behavioral interventions.
(757) 520-2011 View (757) 520-2011
Photo of April Dalby, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
April Dalby
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
There is no greater joy than assisting clients in finding their strengths and ways to use their strengths to overcome life obstacles by creating a new narrative.
There is no greater joy than assisting clients in finding their strengths and ways to use their strengths to overcome life obstacles by creating a new narrative.
(804) 889-2396 View (804) 889-2396

Online Therapists

Photo of Morgan McWilliams, MS, LPC-R, Pre-Licensed Professional
Morgan McWilliams
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, LPC-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23112
Are you ready to embark on a journey of self-improvement and enhance your mental well-being? You’re in the right place! I am dedicated to helping you achieve your unique goals and empowering you to take control of your mental health. Life may present challenges, but together, we can develop a plan to overcome obstacles and equip you with skills to navigate whatever comes your way.
Are you ready to embark on a journey of self-improvement and enhance your mental well-being? You’re in the right place! I am dedicated to helping you achieve your unique goals and empowering you to take control of your mental health. Life may present challenges, but together, we can develop a plan to overcome obstacles and equip you with skills to navigate whatever comes your way.
(540) 699-0226 View (540) 699-0226
Photo of Grant Tomey, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Grant Tomey
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24017  (Online Only)
Hi, I'm Grant. Are you struggling with a difficult life decision or relationship? Do you have a problem that seems to linger despite frequent discussions with friends and loved ones? While the idea of counseling may be scary, my calm, practical, and down-to-earth approach will allow us to tackle your most difficult issues. Every person and situation is different; there is no one-size-fits-all. I strive to meet you where you are, and I will move at the pace which feels most comfortable for you.
Hi, I'm Grant. Are you struggling with a difficult life decision or relationship? Do you have a problem that seems to linger despite frequent discussions with friends and loved ones? While the idea of counseling may be scary, my calm, practical, and down-to-earth approach will allow us to tackle your most difficult issues. Every person and situation is different; there is no one-size-fits-all. I strive to meet you where you are, and I will move at the pace which feels most comfortable for you.
(540) 215-8386 View (540) 215-8386
Photo of Hayley Dodd, LPC, YTT-200, MS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Hayley Dodd
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, YTT-200, MS
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Willis, VA 24380
Hayley Dodd is a Licensed Mental Health Therapist with extensive experience working with teenagers and adults in both private and non-profit sectors of the mental health field. She specializes in working with clients coping with trauma, issues of loss and change, anxiety, depression, and the essential human tasks of: self-development, growth in relationships, and discovering meaning and purpose.
Hayley Dodd is a Licensed Mental Health Therapist with extensive experience working with teenagers and adults in both private and non-profit sectors of the mental health field. She specializes in working with clients coping with trauma, issues of loss and change, anxiety, depression, and the essential human tasks of: self-development, growth in relationships, and discovering meaning and purpose.
(804) 361-6769 View (804) 361-6769
Photo of Brynne Fretwell, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brynne Fretwell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Harrisonburg, VA 22801
I consider myself to be a trauma informed therapist with years of experience. I am a social worker, and with that I try to focus on the whole person and their environment. I strive to support you without judgment as you work towards your goals. A friend once complained to me that their therapist was a "tea time therapist" who would offer active listening and lots of positive regard, but did not challenge them or offer any feedback. My goal is to ask guiding questions that will lead you to new perspectives, and to foster self reflection so that you can leave this space feeling empowered and capable of change.
I consider myself to be a trauma informed therapist with years of experience. I am a social worker, and with that I try to focus on the whole person and their environment. I strive to support you without judgment as you work towards your goals. A friend once complained to me that their therapist was a "tea time therapist" who would offer active listening and lots of positive regard, but did not challenge them or offer any feedback. My goal is to ask guiding questions that will lead you to new perspectives, and to foster self reflection so that you can leave this space feeling empowered and capable of change.
(540) 517-7437 x1 View (540) 517-7437 x1
Photo of Monica Quarles, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Monica Quarles
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Staunton, VA 24401  (Online Only)
My mission is to accompany clients on their journey towards holistic well-being, by providing compassionate support to empower you to unlock your fullest potential. As a Black, female therapist, I got into this work to help people of all walks of life, especially women, children, and minorities. The world is hard enough and at times, it can be difficult to figure out our identity, wants, needs, boundaries, as well as how we operate in the various spaces of life. I also provide clinical supervision to those seeking their LCSW.
My mission is to accompany clients on their journey towards holistic well-being, by providing compassionate support to empower you to unlock your fullest potential. As a Black, female therapist, I got into this work to help people of all walks of life, especially women, children, and minorities. The world is hard enough and at times, it can be difficult to figure out our identity, wants, needs, boundaries, as well as how we operate in the various spaces of life. I also provide clinical supervision to those seeking their LCSW.
(540) 679-7596 View (540) 679-7596
Photo of Dr. Selisha Nelson, PhD, LCP
Dr. Selisha Nelson
PhD, LCP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Welcome! I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist with a passion for helping others on their journeys to healing, self-discovery, and growth. I have experience working with youth, adolescents, and adults providing individual, family, and couples therapy. Psychological assessments are also provided. I have obtained advanced training in trauma treatment, which includes various modalities such as art/play therapy, Somatic Experiencing, and EMDR. I have over 14 years of experience working in community mental health, alternative school settings, residential treatment, outpatient settings, and correctional facilities.
Welcome! I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist with a passion for helping others on their journeys to healing, self-discovery, and growth. I have experience working with youth, adolescents, and adults providing individual, family, and couples therapy. Psychological assessments are also provided. I have obtained advanced training in trauma treatment, which includes various modalities such as art/play therapy, Somatic Experiencing, and EMDR. I have over 14 years of experience working in community mental health, alternative school settings, residential treatment, outpatient settings, and correctional facilities.
(804) 293-3211 View (804) 293-3211
Photo of Darrius Omar Bethel, LMHP-R, NCC, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Darrius Omar Bethel
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHP-R, NCC, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lynchburg, VA 24502
You work so hard to do what’s right. Always trying to live up to expectations from society, your family, and yourself for what a man is supposed to be. But no matter how tirelessly you toil or how much energy you expend, it never seems to make any difference. You’re still stuck in the same place – unfulfilled, disconnected, and increasingly frustrated at your inability to fix anything. It feels like you’re slowly being crushed under the weight of your responsibilities to everyone. You want so badly to break free of this terrible cycle, but that seems impossible. You need help, but you’re unsure where to turn. It feels hopeless.
You work so hard to do what’s right. Always trying to live up to expectations from society, your family, and yourself for what a man is supposed to be. But no matter how tirelessly you toil or how much energy you expend, it never seems to make any difference. You’re still stuck in the same place – unfulfilled, disconnected, and increasingly frustrated at your inability to fix anything. It feels like you’re slowly being crushed under the weight of your responsibilities to everyone. You want so badly to break free of this terrible cycle, but that seems impossible. You need help, but you’re unsure where to turn. It feels hopeless.
(434) 361-4744 View (434) 361-4744
Photo of Cassandra Kennell - Shenandoah Psychological Services, LLC, PsyD, MA, LCSW, LCP, LPC, Psychologist
Shenandoah Psychological Services, LLC
Psychologist, PsyD, MA, LCSW, LCP, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Harrisonburg, VA 22801
Now Accepting New Clients! All of our clinicians offer both in-person sessions and teletherapy. We work with children, adolescents, and adults in our Roanoke and Harrisonburg offices. Call our clinical coordinator at (540) 251-7728 ext. 1 to inquire about openings. Shenandoah Psychological Services offers an array of psychological and counseling options to suit your needs. We specialize in varying categories of counseling ranging from emotional and behavioral matters to substance abuse. We strive to offer the highest quality of psychological services in Roanoke city, the Shenandoah Valley, and surrounding areas.
Now Accepting New Clients! All of our clinicians offer both in-person sessions and teletherapy. We work with children, adolescents, and adults in our Roanoke and Harrisonburg offices. Call our clinical coordinator at (540) 251-7728 ext. 1 to inquire about openings. Shenandoah Psychological Services offers an array of psychological and counseling options to suit your needs. We specialize in varying categories of counseling ranging from emotional and behavioral matters to substance abuse. We strive to offer the highest quality of psychological services in Roanoke city, the Shenandoah Valley, and surrounding areas.
(540) 251-7728 View (540) 251-7728
Photo of Aleta Gibbs, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Aleta Gibbs
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
Martinsville, VA 24112
“I believe that we often must forgive ourselves before we are able to move forward.” Counseling is a safe place to process feelings of anger, anxiety, disappointment, shame, and so many others. I have a special interest in helping victims of trauma and abuse, as well as people struggling with substance abuse. I work with individuals to help them overcome obstacles and heal from the pain of the past, including substance abuse groups.
“I believe that we often must forgive ourselves before we are able to move forward.” Counseling is a safe place to process feelings of anger, anxiety, disappointment, shame, and so many others. I have a special interest in helping victims of trauma and abuse, as well as people struggling with substance abuse. I work with individuals to help them overcome obstacles and heal from the pain of the past, including substance abuse groups.
(276) 208-8461 View (276) 208-8461
Photo of Abigail Starns, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Abigail Starns
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23233
Are you interested in examining your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to make positive change? I am committed to providing a safe & affirming space to harness strengths, explore current patterns, & see where there could be space for growth. I have worked with individuals on the Autism Spectrum & those with depressive, anxious, & trauma-related symptoms. I acknowledge that treatment of these challenges is not "one size fits all", & pride myself on my experience working with folks in the LGBTQIA2S+ community, individuals in polyamorous relationships, & those with different health conditions & ability statuses.
Are you interested in examining your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to make positive change? I am committed to providing a safe & affirming space to harness strengths, explore current patterns, & see where there could be space for growth. I have worked with individuals on the Autism Spectrum & those with depressive, anxious, & trauma-related symptoms. I acknowledge that treatment of these challenges is not "one size fits all", & pride myself on my experience working with folks in the LGBTQIA2S+ community, individuals in polyamorous relationships, & those with different health conditions & ability statuses.
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Photo of Gary Wardlaw, LMFT-S, LPC-S, Marriage & Family Therapist
Gary Wardlaw
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT-S, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Lynchburg, VA 24503  (Online Only)
Have you ever thought – what distinguishes healthy relationships that are able to thrive from unhealthy ones that tend to be full of stress? Is it self-will? Determination? As a couples and family therapist, I believe the one distinguishing factor is "attachment". Attachment is the ability to connect with others. Depending on our ability (or inability) to attach interpersonally, determines the overall satisfaction we experience within our intimate relationships. Also, having been a victim of racism, I opened this practice as a place that people of color can heal from the impact of both blatant and systemic oppression.
Have you ever thought – what distinguishes healthy relationships that are able to thrive from unhealthy ones that tend to be full of stress? Is it self-will? Determination? As a couples and family therapist, I believe the one distinguishing factor is "attachment". Attachment is the ability to connect with others. Depending on our ability (or inability) to attach interpersonally, determines the overall satisfaction we experience within our intimate relationships. Also, having been a victim of racism, I opened this practice as a place that people of color can heal from the impact of both blatant and systemic oppression.
(434) 290-4304 View (434) 290-4304

See more therapy options for Rockbridge County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Rockbridge County, VA

< 10

Therapists in Rockbridge County, VA who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
78% Depression
67% Coping Skills
56% Grief
56% Anger Management
56% Behavioral Issues
56% Women's Issues

Average years in practice

17 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
100% Optum

How Therapists in Rockbridge County, VA see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

89% Female
11% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Rockbridge County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.