Therapists in Three Chopt, Richmond, VA

Charlie Williams
Resident in Counseling, R-LPC
4 Endorsed
Three Chopt, Richmond, VA 23226
I am a therapist in Richmond, Virginia, offering in-person therapy and teletherapy across Virginia. I work with teens, young adults, and families struggling with anxiety, OCD, ADHD, school stress, and cell phone and social media overuse that is affecting grades, confidence, motivation, or family life. They may feel overwhelmed, distracted, irritable, or trapped in overthinking and perfectionism. Parents often want practical strategies that go beyond reassurance. The goal is improved focus, reduced anxiety, healthier routines, and greater independence.
I am a therapist in Richmond, Virginia, offering in-person therapy and teletherapy across Virginia. I work with teens, young adults, and families struggling with anxiety, OCD, ADHD, school stress, and cell phone and social media overuse that is affecting grades, confidence, motivation, or family life. They may feel overwhelmed, distracted, irritable, or trapped in overthinking and perfectionism. Parents often want practical strategies that go beyond reassurance. The goal is improved focus, reduced anxiety, healthier routines, and greater independence.
(804) 465-7598 View (804) 465-7598
Annette D Reiter
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Three Chopt, Richmond, VA 23226
Congratulations on taking the first steps to finding a counselor that will be a match for you as you work though life's regularly bumpy road. Allow me to give you some highlights to my style and what you can expect in therapy with me. The web is a fantastic way to find a therapist but nothing can compete with the in person meeting, so if you find you like what you read and you live in the Tampa Bay Area be sure to give me a call so we can have a complimentary phone consult.
Congratulations on taking the first steps to finding a counselor that will be a match for you as you work though life's regularly bumpy road. Allow me to give you some highlights to my style and what you can expect in therapy with me. The web is a fantastic way to find a therapist but nothing can compete with the in person meeting, so if you find you like what you read and you live in the Tampa Bay Area be sure to give me a call so we can have a complimentary phone consult.
(804) 689-7033 View (804) 689-7033
Katie Turco, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, Katie, Turco, MS, LPC, NCC
Three Chopt, Richmond, VA 23221
I specialize in working with adolescents and adults struggling with anxiety, OCD, and eating disorders, Katie enjoys helping her clients to identify maladaptive thought patterns, understand the origins and functions of various behaviors, and increase their confidence in coping with distress and overall self-esteem. When treating eating disorders specifically, I employ Family Based Therapy (FBT) , Emotion- Focused Family Therapy (EFFT), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Eating Disorders (CBT-E) in order to help families or loved ones work together to address symptoms of Anorexia, Bulimia, ARFID, and Binge Eating Disorder.
I specialize in working with adolescents and adults struggling with anxiety, OCD, and eating disorders, Katie enjoys helping her clients to identify maladaptive thought patterns, understand the origins and functions of various behaviors, and increase their confidence in coping with distress and overall self-esteem. When treating eating disorders specifically, I employ Family Based Therapy (FBT) , Emotion- Focused Family Therapy (EFFT), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Eating Disorders (CBT-E) in order to help families or loved ones work together to address symptoms of Anorexia, Bulimia, ARFID, and Binge Eating Disorder.
(804) 259-0528 View (804) 259-0528
Eric Reitz
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NBCC
2 Endorsed
Three Chopt, Richmond, VA 23226
I specialize in creating a supportive and compassionate space for individuals navigating major life transitions, feelings of despair, and existential anxiety. Whether you’re experiencing uncertainty about your life's direction, grappling with overwhelming emotions, or questioning your purpose and meaning, my therapeutic approach emphasizes empowerment, resilience, and self-discovery. Together, we'll embark on a journey toward greater clarity, healing, and personal growth. Let's collaborate to find a path toward renewed contentment, purpose, and fulfillment.
I specialize in creating a supportive and compassionate space for individuals navigating major life transitions, feelings of despair, and existential anxiety. Whether you’re experiencing uncertainty about your life's direction, grappling with overwhelming emotions, or questioning your purpose and meaning, my therapeutic approach emphasizes empowerment, resilience, and self-discovery. Together, we'll embark on a journey toward greater clarity, healing, and personal growth. Let's collaborate to find a path toward renewed contentment, purpose, and fulfillment.
(804) 373-2297 View (804) 373-2297
Lauren Watson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
2 Endorsed
Three Chopt, Richmond, VA 23226
I work with high-achieving children and teens who look successful at school but struggle with anxiety, ADHD, executive functioning, perfectionism, or emotional regulation at home. Homework turns into nightly fights. Mornings feel chaotic. Your child procrastinates, shuts down, or melts down after holding it together all day. You may feel exhausted, walking on eggshells, unsure what’s typical development and what needs support. If your capable kid is falling apart behind closed doors, we figure out why — and what to do next. I am now offering parent coaching, for those not quite ready to commit to therapy but wanting guidance.
I work with high-achieving children and teens who look successful at school but struggle with anxiety, ADHD, executive functioning, perfectionism, or emotional regulation at home. Homework turns into nightly fights. Mornings feel chaotic. Your child procrastinates, shuts down, or melts down after holding it together all day. You may feel exhausted, walking on eggshells, unsure what’s typical development and what needs support. If your capable kid is falling apart behind closed doors, we figure out why — and what to do next. I am now offering parent coaching, for those not quite ready to commit to therapy but wanting guidance.
(804) 676-6088 View (804) 676-6088
Julia Kenner
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
2 Endorsed
Three Chopt, Richmond, VA 23226
If you or your teen/child is struggling with anxiety, worry, concerns around identity, body image issues, feelings of hopelessness, or difficulty following directions, I can help. We will develop a collaborative, warm, and solution-focused relationship to help you feel better about yourself and your future. My goal is to help you and your child feel more confident, grounded, and secure in who they are and in their relationships.
If you or your teen/child is struggling with anxiety, worry, concerns around identity, body image issues, feelings of hopelessness, or difficulty following directions, I can help. We will develop a collaborative, warm, and solution-focused relationship to help you feel better about yourself and your future. My goal is to help you and your child feel more confident, grounded, and secure in who they are and in their relationships.
(804) 391-0448 View (804) 391-0448
Lily Henderson
Resident in Counseling, M.Ed
1 Endorsed
Three Chopt, Richmond, VA 23226
Helping children and teens, ages 5-18, navigate worry, focus, and motivation requires an approach as unique as they are. I recognize the intimidating nature of therapy, and I highly value the relationships I build with my clients and their families. This creates the proper environment needed to see growth, learning, and change. I value honesty and transparency as I provide feedback for helping your child at home as well.
Helping children and teens, ages 5-18, navigate worry, focus, and motivation requires an approach as unique as they are. I recognize the intimidating nature of therapy, and I highly value the relationships I build with my clients and their families. This creates the proper environment needed to see growth, learning, and change. I value honesty and transparency as I provide feedback for helping your child at home as well.
(804) 293-2592 x3 View (804) 293-2592 x3
Melissa James
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Three Chopt, Richmond, VA 23226
Life can leave us feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, or stuck in patterns that bring us suffering. I want you to know there is hope. Therapy is a path for experiencing relief, healing and restoring deep connection with our self, our purpose and others. My work centers on attachment and relational trauma recovery, stress/anxiety and building healthy nervous system regulation, complex trauma recovery and building secure and healthy relationships. When appropriate, I thoughtfully incorporate spirituality into the healing process, honoring each client’s beliefs and values as a source of meaning, resilience, and restoration.
Life can leave us feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, or stuck in patterns that bring us suffering. I want you to know there is hope. Therapy is a path for experiencing relief, healing and restoring deep connection with our self, our purpose and others. My work centers on attachment and relational trauma recovery, stress/anxiety and building healthy nervous system regulation, complex trauma recovery and building secure and healthy relationships. When appropriate, I thoughtfully incorporate spirituality into the healing process, honoring each client’s beliefs and values as a source of meaning, resilience, and restoration.
(804) 313-9906 View (804) 313-9906
Stacy Gill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Three Chopt, Richmond, VA 23226
Seeking therapy is a big step and can be scary. My aim is to connect with you in a safe environment and work with you to improve your life. Therapy is a great tool to support change and learn to cope with issues causing you struggle and pain. As a clinical social worker, I strive to understand you in the context of your environment and help you heal places of hurt and trauma you've experienced. I believe in the ability to grow and change across the life span; it's never too late to heal. Based on training and life experience, I take a whole person view working to connect mind, body, and spirit.
Seeking therapy is a big step and can be scary. My aim is to connect with you in a safe environment and work with you to improve your life. Therapy is a great tool to support change and learn to cope with issues causing you struggle and pain. As a clinical social worker, I strive to understand you in the context of your environment and help you heal places of hurt and trauma you've experienced. I believe in the ability to grow and change across the life span; it's never too late to heal. Based on training and life experience, I take a whole person view working to connect mind, body, and spirit.
(804) 494-4050 View (804) 494-4050
Dr. Sarah Jarvandi
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Three Chopt, Richmond, VA 23226
Dr. Sarah Jarvandi is a pediatric neuropsychologist that utilizes a holistic approach and believes in working as part of the child’s multidisciplinary team with other professionals and educators to fully understand presenting concerns and the subsequent impacts on the child’s system (school, home, and social life). She specializes in autism spectrum disorder (utilizing the ADOS-2), ADHD, and learning disorder evaluations. Additionally, Dr. Jarvandi conducts admissions and gifted testing.
Dr. Sarah Jarvandi is a pediatric neuropsychologist that utilizes a holistic approach and believes in working as part of the child’s multidisciplinary team with other professionals and educators to fully understand presenting concerns and the subsequent impacts on the child’s system (school, home, and social life). She specializes in autism spectrum disorder (utilizing the ADOS-2), ADHD, and learning disorder evaluations. Additionally, Dr. Jarvandi conducts admissions and gifted testing.
(804) 391-7594 View (804) 391-7594
Suzanne Vogel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Three Chopt, Richmond, VA 23226
Hello and welcome to Inner Light Counseling Services. I strive to provide a compassionate and safe space for individuals who feel deeply, think uniquely, and are shaped by experiences of trauma and/or neurodivergence. I am passionate about assisting folks in gently and safely uncovering their truest, most joy-filled ways of being. These are reasons to be alive. Often, these parts get buried under layers of anxiety, depression, shame, and other self-protective patterns. These have likely helped you to survive. They tell an important story. We honor this story. But it is not who you are. Let's gently come to honor YOU.
Hello and welcome to Inner Light Counseling Services. I strive to provide a compassionate and safe space for individuals who feel deeply, think uniquely, and are shaped by experiences of trauma and/or neurodivergence. I am passionate about assisting folks in gently and safely uncovering their truest, most joy-filled ways of being. These are reasons to be alive. Often, these parts get buried under layers of anxiety, depression, shame, and other self-protective patterns. These have likely helped you to survive. They tell an important story. We honor this story. But it is not who you are. Let's gently come to honor YOU.
(804) 567-7944 View (804) 567-7944
Andre Aboite
Mental Health Counselor, QMHP-A
1 Endorsed
Three Chopt, Richmond, VA 23226
Andre Aboite is an African American Marriage and Family Therapist-in-Training and Syracuse University Graduate student practicing under supervision at Kaleidoscope Wellness LLC. By Michelle Kyles LPC-S. They have experience working with transgender clients and special interests in serving the broader LGBTQIA+ community, trans youth, and African American trans women. Andre provides culturally responsive, gender-affirming, sex-positive, kink-affirming, and poly-affirming care. They draw from Narrative Therapy, systemic approaches, and Gottman-informed practices to support identity, relationships, communication, and recovery.
Andre Aboite is an African American Marriage and Family Therapist-in-Training and Syracuse University Graduate student practicing under supervision at Kaleidoscope Wellness LLC. By Michelle Kyles LPC-S. They have experience working with transgender clients and special interests in serving the broader LGBTQIA+ community, trans youth, and African American trans women. Andre provides culturally responsive, gender-affirming, sex-positive, kink-affirming, and poly-affirming care. They draw from Narrative Therapy, systemic approaches, and Gottman-informed practices to support identity, relationships, communication, and recovery.
(804) 207-8317 View (804) 207-8317
Taylor Mullen
Resident in Counseling, M.Ed.
Three Chopt, Richmond, VA 23226
My practice is dedicated to Richmond children, teens, and young adults navigating ADHD, neurodivergence, and performance anxiety. These high-achievers often appear successful but struggle privately with perfectionism and executive functioning hurdles. What brings them to me is the overwhelming pressure of the modern school environment and a desire for balance. My team moves them forward through a collaborative partnership. As an associate of Lauren Watson and under her clinical supervision, I bridge the gap between a client’s internal world and their external environments, providing the practical tools needed to thrive.
My practice is dedicated to Richmond children, teens, and young adults navigating ADHD, neurodivergence, and performance anxiety. These high-achievers often appear successful but struggle privately with perfectionism and executive functioning hurdles. What brings them to me is the overwhelming pressure of the modern school environment and a desire for balance. My team moves them forward through a collaborative partnership. As an associate of Lauren Watson and under her clinical supervision, I bridge the gap between a client’s internal world and their external environments, providing the practical tools needed to thrive.
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Ariel J. Batiste
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMSW
Serves Area
Life can feel overwhelming when you’re constantly balancing work, school, family, relationships, and expectations of yourself. You may appear “fine” on the outside while privately feeling exhausted, anxious, stuck, or unsure where to begin. I’m here to support you. In therapy, you’ll find a space to breathe, explore what’s been weighing you down, and reconnect with your strengths—without judgment. Together, we’ll work on building self-compassion, emotional clarity, and a grounded sense of control.
Life can feel overwhelming when you’re constantly balancing work, school, family, relationships, and expectations of yourself. You may appear “fine” on the outside while privately feeling exhausted, anxious, stuck, or unsure where to begin. I’m here to support you. In therapy, you’ll find a space to breathe, explore what’s been weighing you down, and reconnect with your strengths—without judgment. Together, we’ll work on building self-compassion, emotional clarity, and a grounded sense of control.
(571) 946-8667 View (571) 946-8667
Amanda Stull
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd, NCC
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
Sandbridge Therapy & Wellness offers trauma-informed care, specialized treatment interventions, and integrative therapeutic approaches. We look forward to supporting you along your path to healing and empowerment.
Sandbridge Therapy & Wellness offers trauma-informed care, specialized treatment interventions, and integrative therapeutic approaches. We look forward to supporting you along your path to healing and empowerment.
(757) 720-7791 View (757) 720-7791
ActNow for Mental Health
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW , LCSW-C
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
ActNow for Mental Health's services are free of charge for those aged 17-32 in Maryland, Virginia, and Washington DC. Our services do not require insurance! Part of the ongoing mental health crisis is the fact that certain communities have been historically underserved by the U.S. health system, which includes LGBTQIA+ and POC populations, people with physical and/or intellectual disabilities, and people who are uninsured or underinsured. ANMH looks to serve these populations with thoughtful, compassionate care.
ActNow for Mental Health's services are free of charge for those aged 17-32 in Maryland, Virginia, and Washington DC. Our services do not require insurance! Part of the ongoing mental health crisis is the fact that certain communities have been historically underserved by the U.S. health system, which includes LGBTQIA+ and POC populations, people with physical and/or intellectual disabilities, and people who are uninsured or underinsured. ANMH looks to serve these populations with thoughtful, compassionate care.
(844) 723-2578 View (844) 723-2578
J V Enderle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, C-DBT, MPA
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Everyone deserves to slow down, connect, and grow. I believe therapy helps us do that. If you are feeling overwhelmed, struggling with anxiety, depression or intense emotions, change is possible. I specialize in working with Anxiety, OCD and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and I often work with individuals experiencing repetitive and unwanted intrusive thoughts. My goal is to help you gain insights into patterns and behaviors you want to change, live a life in line with your values, and be present for what matters most.
Everyone deserves to slow down, connect, and grow. I believe therapy helps us do that. If you are feeling overwhelmed, struggling with anxiety, depression or intense emotions, change is possible. I specialize in working with Anxiety, OCD and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and I often work with individuals experiencing repetitive and unwanted intrusive thoughts. My goal is to help you gain insights into patterns and behaviors you want to change, live a life in line with your values, and be present for what matters most.
(610) 632-5352 View (610) 632-5352
Beth Holt Wright
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I have been a licensed psychotherapist for over 25 years and practice in VA, West VA, and NC specializing in trauma, anxiety, and relationship concerns. I obtained my BA in Psychology from UR in 1994 and my Masters in Social Work from UGA in 1998. I am certified in Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing, Integrative Behavioral Couples Therapy and have been trained in Internal Family Systems (IFS) (parts work), Brainspotting, Hakomi, Prolonged Exposure, Somatic work, Core Energetics, dream analysis, mindfulness, and Psychodynamic. Top 3 Best Bedside Manner Award in Our Health Magazine. I am a registered clinical supervisor.
I have been a licensed psychotherapist for over 25 years and practice in VA, West VA, and NC specializing in trauma, anxiety, and relationship concerns. I obtained my BA in Psychology from UR in 1994 and my Masters in Social Work from UGA in 1998. I am certified in Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing, Integrative Behavioral Couples Therapy and have been trained in Internal Family Systems (IFS) (parts work), Brainspotting, Hakomi, Prolonged Exposure, Somatic work, Core Energetics, dream analysis, mindfulness, and Psychodynamic. Top 3 Best Bedside Manner Award in Our Health Magazine. I am a registered clinical supervisor.
(540) 492-4057 View (540) 492-4057
Michael M Love
Psychologist, PsyD, LCP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Therapy is a path to freedom; it's about creating greater psychological flexibility and the chance to break unhelpful habits and to make choices based on what's actually important to us. In order to do this, we need to learn about ourselves better and to understand how we've learned to handle life in the way that we do. Are you interested in getting to know your real, authentic self that exists beyond habits, social rules, and your own learning experiences? Are you interested in a contemplative, mindfulness-based approach to utilizing your own capacity for compassion and growth? If so, let's talk.
Therapy is a path to freedom; it's about creating greater psychological flexibility and the chance to break unhelpful habits and to make choices based on what's actually important to us. In order to do this, we need to learn about ourselves better and to understand how we've learned to handle life in the way that we do. Are you interested in getting to know your real, authentic self that exists beyond habits, social rules, and your own learning experiences? Are you interested in a contemplative, mindfulness-based approach to utilizing your own capacity for compassion and growth? If so, let's talk.
(540) 698-5591 View (540) 698-5591
Haley Alvis
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, RIC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I believe healing happens in a space where you feel genuinely heard, respected, and supported. I work with adults ages 18 and older, offering compassionate, trauma-informed counseling that is tailored to your unique experiences, needs, and goals. My background includes experience in private practice, community mental health, and case management, including working with individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. I enjoy supporting clients who are navigating anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, grief and loss, substance use, caregiver stress, chronic health conditions, and women’s health concerns.
I believe healing happens in a space where you feel genuinely heard, respected, and supported. I work with adults ages 18 and older, offering compassionate, trauma-informed counseling that is tailored to your unique experiences, needs, and goals. My background includes experience in private practice, community mental health, and case management, including working with individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. I enjoy supporting clients who are navigating anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, grief and loss, substance use, caregiver stress, chronic health conditions, and women’s health concerns.
(540) 699-0226 View (540) 699-0226

See more therapy options for Three Chopt, Richmond

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Three Chopt, Richmond, VA

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Three Chopt, Richmond, VA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
94% Social Anxiety
94% Health Anxiety
94% Driving Anxiety
88% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% Aetna
74% BlueCross and BlueShield
66% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Three Chopt, Richmond, VA see their clients

55% Online Only
45% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

81% Female
17% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Three Chopt?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.