Therapists in Three Chopt, Richmond, VA

Photo of Brady Montas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Brady Montas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Online Only
I enjoy working with clients that have a genuine interest in learning more about themselves and why they have developed certain healthy and unhealthy coping skills. I have experience working with clients that have experienced Anxiety, PTSD, Depression, Trauma, Grief and Loss and with clients that have just felt lost. As a therapist I consider myself a guide that helps others navigate life’s up and downs; such as, love, loss, illness, work stress and life/career transitions. To schedule a consultation please contact me at helloalma.com.
I enjoy working with clients that have a genuine interest in learning more about themselves and why they have developed certain healthy and unhealthy coping skills. I have experience working with clients that have experienced Anxiety, PTSD, Depression, Trauma, Grief and Loss and with clients that have just felt lost. As a therapist I consider myself a guide that helps others navigate life’s up and downs; such as, love, loss, illness, work stress and life/career transitions. To schedule a consultation please contact me at helloalma.com.
(804) 657-4675 View (804) 657-4675
Photo of Kathryn N Garnett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Kathryn N Garnett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Three Chopt, Richmond, VA 23226
I am a strengths-based psychotherapist, a mother of three wonderful adult children, who returned to graduate school late in life with a strong belief in the "land of possibility." I have great respect for what each individual brings to therapy and faith in the power of relationship to effect growth and change. I believe that my sensitivity to need, whether in very young children or mature adults is a unique gift that brings hope to life. I recently completed a mindfulness and psychotherapy course and strongly believe in its impact on depression and anxiety. I firmly believe in treating the whole individual, body and mind.
I am a strengths-based psychotherapist, a mother of three wonderful adult children, who returned to graduate school late in life with a strong belief in the "land of possibility." I have great respect for what each individual brings to therapy and faith in the power of relationship to effect growth and change. I believe that my sensitivity to need, whether in very young children or mature adults is a unique gift that brings hope to life. I recently completed a mindfulness and psychotherapy course and strongly believe in its impact on depression and anxiety. I firmly believe in treating the whole individual, body and mind.
(804) 213-2897 View (804) 213-2897
Photo of Diane Mattingly, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Diane Mattingly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Online Only
I'm here to help you resolve your challenges and move forward. Sometimes life can feel overwhelming and making changes can feel like an impossibility. Relationships, trauma, health issues, life transitions, grief, complicated family dynamics, and childhood wounds can keep us feeling stuck. They can rob us of our joy and even dim the vision we have for our lives. By applying complementary therapy approaches, including Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), together we can unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
I'm here to help you resolve your challenges and move forward. Sometimes life can feel overwhelming and making changes can feel like an impossibility. Relationships, trauma, health issues, life transitions, grief, complicated family dynamics, and childhood wounds can keep us feeling stuck. They can rob us of our joy and even dim the vision we have for our lives. By applying complementary therapy approaches, including Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), together we can unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
(804) 925-2052 View (804) 925-2052
Photo of Tamie Parker Song, Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LMSW
Tamie Parker Song
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LMSW
2 Endorsed
Online Only
In a way, therapy is very simple. We just sit and talk to each other. On another level, it’s not simple at all. We work together to figure out why you are getting stuck and how to get you un-stuck—a process that takes time and care. On a deeper level still, I accompany you—walk beside you—come what may. Sometimes just having someone be alongside you as you go through life, with no particular goal of changing you, can transform things the most. I’ve worked with people from all different walks of life—folks who are barely making ends meet; folks with big houses; transgender women; nonbinary folks; the length of the political spectrum.
In a way, therapy is very simple. We just sit and talk to each other. On another level, it’s not simple at all. We work together to figure out why you are getting stuck and how to get you un-stuck—a process that takes time and care. On a deeper level still, I accompany you—walk beside you—come what may. Sometimes just having someone be alongside you as you go through life, with no particular goal of changing you, can transform things the most. I’ve worked with people from all different walks of life—folks who are barely making ends meet; folks with big houses; transgender women; nonbinary folks; the length of the political spectrum.
(804) 391-0758 View (804) 391-0758
Photo of LaKeisha Doman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
LaKeisha Doman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Online Only
Life can be challenging, especially during significant transitions that deeply impact our well-being. Navigating these stressors and managing intense emotions can feel overwhelming without the right tools. However, as a compassionate and supportive Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I am dedicated to helping individuals conquer challenges. By providing a safe and empathetic space, I assist individuals in exploring their emotions, gaining insight into their struggles, and developing effective coping strategies
Life can be challenging, especially during significant transitions that deeply impact our well-being. Navigating these stressors and managing intense emotions can feel overwhelming without the right tools. However, as a compassionate and supportive Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I am dedicated to helping individuals conquer challenges. By providing a safe and empathetic space, I assist individuals in exploring their emotions, gaining insight into their struggles, and developing effective coping strategies
(757) 524-8951 View (757) 524-8951
Photo of Venise Darisme, Licensed Professional Counselor
Venise Darisme
Licensed Professional Counselor
Online Only
Eating Disorder Treatment Clinician I am a National Certified Counselor and Licensed Professional Counselor with Sondemind. I am founder of Brightness in the Rain Counseling Services, LLC . I am also a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional and a Certified Mental Health Integrative Medicine Provider. My CMHIMP training focused on Nutrition for Mental Health. Additionally, I am an EDIT Certified I- Eating Disorder Treatment Clinician. I have a Master of Arts degree in Pastoral Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Marymount University. Marymount University is ranked as the Counseling program in Virginia on universities.com. for 2021
Eating Disorder Treatment Clinician I am a National Certified Counselor and Licensed Professional Counselor with Sondemind. I am founder of Brightness in the Rain Counseling Services, LLC . I am also a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional and a Certified Mental Health Integrative Medicine Provider. My CMHIMP training focused on Nutrition for Mental Health. Additionally, I am an EDIT Certified I- Eating Disorder Treatment Clinician. I have a Master of Arts degree in Pastoral Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Marymount University. Marymount University is ranked as the Counseling program in Virginia on universities.com. for 2021
(757) 238-5430 View (757) 238-5430
Photo of Joy Tidwell, Resident in Counseling, MEd, NCC
Joy Tidwell
Resident in Counseling, MEd, NCC
Three Chopt, Richmond, VA 23226
I am a Therapist in Virginia, dedicated to helping people overcome challenges, build meaningful connections, and cultivate joy in their lives. I take a person-centered, strengths-based approach, creating a warm and compassionate space where clients feel heard, supported, and empowered. I specialize in working with women, children, and adults who are navigating anxiety, depression, life transitions, body image concerns, school difficulties, and parenting challenges. I have a particular passion for supporting students, athletes, parents, and couples navigate the challenges and joys that come along with those roles in life.
I am a Therapist in Virginia, dedicated to helping people overcome challenges, build meaningful connections, and cultivate joy in their lives. I take a person-centered, strengths-based approach, creating a warm and compassionate space where clients feel heard, supported, and empowered. I specialize in working with women, children, and adults who are navigating anxiety, depression, life transitions, body image concerns, school difficulties, and parenting challenges. I have a particular passion for supporting students, athletes, parents, and couples navigate the challenges and joys that come along with those roles in life.
(804) 570-1675 View (804) 570-1675
Photo of Stephanie Oulatta, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephanie Oulatta
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Online Only
Are you struggling with thoughts you cannot control? Are you having difficulty communicating with your child? Are you in need of hope? I can help. I work with children, teens, families, and young adult women. I support clients who experience a variety of mental health and emotional difficulties including depression, anxiety, complex trauma and relationship issues. I use interventions such as EMDR, play therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
Are you struggling with thoughts you cannot control? Are you having difficulty communicating with your child? Are you in need of hope? I can help. I work with children, teens, families, and young adult women. I support clients who experience a variety of mental health and emotional difficulties including depression, anxiety, complex trauma and relationship issues. I use interventions such as EMDR, play therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
(571) 576-2658 View (571) 576-2658
Photo of Lauren Watson, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, LPCP
Lauren Watson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, LPCP
2 Endorsed
Three Chopt, Richmond, VA 23226
Do you feel like you’re always tiptoeing around at home? Maybe your child holds it together at school but unravels the moment they walk in the door. Big meltdowns, deep fears about new situations or transitions (like starting a new grade or heading off to college), intense anxiety, rigid thinking, friendship struggles — it’s exhausting supporting a child or young adult who feels overwhelmed by daily life, especially when no one else truly sees it. I specialize in helping kids, teens, and young adults who are neurodivergent, deeply sensitive, or struggling with depression understand their feelings and learn tools that actually work.
Do you feel like you’re always tiptoeing around at home? Maybe your child holds it together at school but unravels the moment they walk in the door. Big meltdowns, deep fears about new situations or transitions (like starting a new grade or heading off to college), intense anxiety, rigid thinking, friendship struggles — it’s exhausting supporting a child or young adult who feels overwhelmed by daily life, especially when no one else truly sees it. I specialize in helping kids, teens, and young adults who are neurodivergent, deeply sensitive, or struggling with depression understand their feelings and learn tools that actually work.
(804) 676-6088 View (804) 676-6088
Photo of Dr. Celeste Kelly, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Celeste Kelly
Psychologist, PsyD
Online Only
I believe everyone can benefit from therapy. Whether you come to explore your identities, your relationships, a life-changing event, or just the feeling that something is “off,” I believe powerful change can happen in the context of a supportive therapeutic relationship. It can be so difficult to seek out a therapist and I understand you may have had negative experiences with therapy in the past. I appreciate the resilience that led you to this page.
I believe everyone can benefit from therapy. Whether you come to explore your identities, your relationships, a life-changing event, or just the feeling that something is “off,” I believe powerful change can happen in the context of a supportive therapeutic relationship. It can be so difficult to seek out a therapist and I understand you may have had negative experiences with therapy in the past. I appreciate the resilience that led you to this page.
(804) 589-4877 View (804) 589-4877
Photo of Stacy Gill, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Stacy Gill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Three Chopt, Richmond, VA 23226
Seeking therapy is a big step and can be scary. My aim is to connect with you in a safe environment and work with you to improve your life. Therapy is a great tool to support change and learn to cope with issues causing you struggle and pain. As a clinical social worker, I strive to understand you in the context of your environment and help you heal places of hurt and trauma you've experienced. I believe in the ability to grow and change across the life span; it's never too late to heal. Based on training and life experience, I take a whole person view working to connect mind, body, and spirit.
Seeking therapy is a big step and can be scary. My aim is to connect with you in a safe environment and work with you to improve your life. Therapy is a great tool to support change and learn to cope with issues causing you struggle and pain. As a clinical social worker, I strive to understand you in the context of your environment and help you heal places of hurt and trauma you've experienced. I believe in the ability to grow and change across the life span; it's never too late to heal. Based on training and life experience, I take a whole person view working to connect mind, body, and spirit.
(804) 494-4050 View (804) 494-4050
Photo of Helen Braxton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Helen Braxton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Online Only
I have over 17 years of providing services to adults, children and families. I enjoy helping others find their own resolution to their problems.I have experience providing counseling services to a variety of individuals in various settings within the community. I have studied many modalities to bring healing to those in need. I am a life, long learner inspired by the abundance of opportunities available to broaden and enrich the lives of my clients. I have training in trauma-informed care and I utilize a collaborative and compassionate approach to counseling in an effort to foster hope, healing and resilience.
I have over 17 years of providing services to adults, children and families. I enjoy helping others find their own resolution to their problems.I have experience providing counseling services to a variety of individuals in various settings within the community. I have studied many modalities to bring healing to those in need. I am a life, long learner inspired by the abundance of opportunities available to broaden and enrich the lives of my clients. I have training in trauma-informed care and I utilize a collaborative and compassionate approach to counseling in an effort to foster hope, healing and resilience.
(757) 522-2484 View (757) 522-2484
Photo of Eric Reitz, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CCTP
Eric Reitz
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CCTP
2 Endorsed
Three Chopt, Richmond, VA 23226
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in creating a supportive and compassionate space for individuals navigating major life transitions, feelings of despair, and existential anxiety. Whether you’re experiencing uncertainty about your life's direction, grappling with overwhelming emotions, or questioning your purpose and meaning, my therapeutic approach emphasizes empowerment, resilience, and self-discovery. Together, we'll embark on a journey toward greater clarity, healing, and personal growth. Let's collaborate to find a path toward renewed contentment, purpose, and fulfillment.
I specialize in creating a supportive and compassionate space for individuals navigating major life transitions, feelings of despair, and existential anxiety. Whether you’re experiencing uncertainty about your life's direction, grappling with overwhelming emotions, or questioning your purpose and meaning, my therapeutic approach emphasizes empowerment, resilience, and self-discovery. Together, we'll embark on a journey toward greater clarity, healing, and personal growth. Let's collaborate to find a path toward renewed contentment, purpose, and fulfillment.
(804) 373-2297 View (804) 373-2297
Photo of Behnaz Gitipour, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Behnaz Gitipour
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Online Only
My great passion is bringing healing to individuals who have been through stressful/traumatic experiences. I help my clients find the right direction in their lives and meet their unique needs.
My great passion is bringing healing to individuals who have been through stressful/traumatic experiences. I help my clients find the right direction in their lives and meet their unique needs.
(571) 609-3229 View (571) 609-3229
Photo of Donna Marchant-Roof, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Donna Marchant-Roof
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Online Only
Hello, my name is Donna Marchant-Roof. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in Virginia. I was born in New York and moved to Virginia 28 years ago. My Bachelors degree is in Psychology from Mercy College in New York and my Masters in Clinical Social Work (MSW) is from Norfolk State University, in Virginia. I have been licensed since 1995. My career includes work with children, teens and adult or all ages related to anxiety, depression, trauma and life changes.
Hello, my name is Donna Marchant-Roof. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in Virginia. I was born in New York and moved to Virginia 28 years ago. My Bachelors degree is in Psychology from Mercy College in New York and my Masters in Clinical Social Work (MSW) is from Norfolk State University, in Virginia. I have been licensed since 1995. My career includes work with children, teens and adult or all ages related to anxiety, depression, trauma and life changes.
(571) 586-1764 View (571) 586-1764
Photo of Dr. Sarah Jarvandi, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Sarah Jarvandi
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Three Chopt, Richmond, VA 23226
Dr. Sarah Jarvandi is a pediatric neuropsychologist that utilizes a holistic approach and believes in working as part of the child’s multidisciplinary team with other professionals and educators to fully understand presenting concerns and the subsequent impacts on the child’s system (school, home, and social life). She specializes in autism spectrum disorder (utilizing the ADOS-2), ADHD, and learning disorder evaluations. Additionally, Dr. Jarvandi conducts admissions and gifted testing.
Dr. Sarah Jarvandi is a pediatric neuropsychologist that utilizes a holistic approach and believes in working as part of the child’s multidisciplinary team with other professionals and educators to fully understand presenting concerns and the subsequent impacts on the child’s system (school, home, and social life). She specializes in autism spectrum disorder (utilizing the ADOS-2), ADHD, and learning disorder evaluations. Additionally, Dr. Jarvandi conducts admissions and gifted testing.
(804) 391-7594 View (804) 391-7594
Photo of Beth Porter, Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC, LMHC, LPC
Beth Porter
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC, LMHC, LPC
Three Chopt, Richmond, VA 23226
I am a licensed clinical therapist with more than 20 years experience working with clients with a broad range of concerns. I received my initial clinical training at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD, where I trained in psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral and experiential therapies. Psychotherapy as a highly effective way to relieve symptoms of anxiety, depression and the aftereffects of trauma and loss. It can help you increase your understanding of yourself; change behaviors that might be interfering with your goals; improve your relationships and help you experience more meaning and joy in your life.
I am a licensed clinical therapist with more than 20 years experience working with clients with a broad range of concerns. I received my initial clinical training at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD, where I trained in psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral and experiential therapies. Psychotherapy as a highly effective way to relieve symptoms of anxiety, depression and the aftereffects of trauma and loss. It can help you increase your understanding of yourself; change behaviors that might be interfering with your goals; improve your relationships and help you experience more meaning and joy in your life.
(844) 442-9067 View (844) 442-9067
Photo of Norma J Caruso, Psychologist, PsyD
Norma J Caruso
Psychologist, PsyD
Online Only
I am a licensed clinical psychologist and certified sex therapist who brings and in-depth understanding of human behavior, couple dynamics and sexual functioning to my work. With over 30 years of experience in mental health, I offer insight and warmth to the individuals and couples that I treat. I first established my private practice in 1995 to treat general psychological, emotional, and relationship issues in a safe and relaxed environment.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist and certified sex therapist who brings and in-depth understanding of human behavior, couple dynamics and sexual functioning to my work. With over 30 years of experience in mental health, I offer insight and warmth to the individuals and couples that I treat. I first established my private practice in 1995 to treat general psychological, emotional, and relationship issues in a safe and relaxed environment.
(804) 453-0026 View (804) 453-0026
Photo of Tavi Schlueter, CPNP-PC, PMHS
Tavi Schlueter
Verified Verified
Three Chopt, Richmond, VA 23226
I am a nurse practitioner who has dual certifications in pediatrics and pediatric mental health. I have over 13 years of experience in inpatient management of children with complex medical and psychiatric diagnoses and outpatient urgent care. I believe in a patient-centered approach to treatment and want to make sure that each person feels heard and is treated with respect, dignity, and compassion.
I am a nurse practitioner who has dual certifications in pediatrics and pediatric mental health. I have over 13 years of experience in inpatient management of children with complex medical and psychiatric diagnoses and outpatient urgent care. I believe in a patient-centered approach to treatment and want to make sure that each person feels heard and is treated with respect, dignity, and compassion.
(804) 567-7621 View (804) 567-7621
Photo of Erin Warnsing, Licensed Professional Counselor
Erin Warnsing
Licensed Professional Counselor
Online Only
Collaboration and empowerment are the cornerstones of Erin's practice. In the safe space of the therapeutic alliance, clients are invited to explore their genuine internal experience with the goal of discovering their own sense of wellness, and develop a plan to walk within. Erin received her Masters of Science in Education, specializing in clinical mental health counseling, from Old Dominion University. Erin has experience in a variety of evidence-based techniques, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Solution-Focused Therapy, and Trauma Informed Care.
Collaboration and empowerment are the cornerstones of Erin's practice. In the safe space of the therapeutic alliance, clients are invited to explore their genuine internal experience with the goal of discovering their own sense of wellness, and develop a plan to walk within. Erin received her Masters of Science in Education, specializing in clinical mental health counseling, from Old Dominion University. Erin has experience in a variety of evidence-based techniques, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Solution-Focused Therapy, and Trauma Informed Care.
(757) 697-5235 View (757) 697-5235

See more therapy options for Three Chopt, Richmond

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Three Chopt, Richmond, VA

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Three Chopt, Richmond, VA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
90% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
74% Trauma and PTSD
74% Stress
70% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Aetna
70% Cigna and Evernorth
66% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Three Chopt, Richmond, VA see their clients

59% Online Only
41% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Three Chopt, Richmond?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.