Therapists in The Museum District, Richmond, VA

Photo of Megan Davidson, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MEd
Megan Davidson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MEd
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Hi there! I’m Megan, a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia, specializing in OCD, peripartum mood disorders, depression and anxiety. I work hard to try to use humor and honesty in all sessions to help meet you where you are during sessions. We will work together to identify your strengths and to create solutions together to quickly find things that will work for your healing and processing.
Hi there! I’m Megan, a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia, specializing in OCD, peripartum mood disorders, depression and anxiety. I work hard to try to use humor and honesty in all sessions to help meet you where you are during sessions. We will work together to identify your strengths and to create solutions together to quickly find things that will work for your healing and processing.
(571) 347-2698 View (571) 347-2698
Photo of Rachel Flynn, Social Worker, MSW, CSAC
Rachel Flynn
Social Worker, MSW, CSAC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Everyone deserves to have a safe space to be seen and heard as their authentic self. I am passionate about developing a strong therapeutic relationship that promotes connection, healing, and accountability. My goal is to create a rewarding space for you to reach your goals. I am a Resident in Clinical Social Work and a Certified Substance Abuse Counselor. I have 7+ years of experience helping people struggling with substance use, codependency, trauma, grief, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, chronic pain, racial issues, and life transitions.
Everyone deserves to have a safe space to be seen and heard as their authentic self. I am passionate about developing a strong therapeutic relationship that promotes connection, healing, and accountability. My goal is to create a rewarding space for you to reach your goals. I am a Resident in Clinical Social Work and a Certified Substance Abuse Counselor. I have 7+ years of experience helping people struggling with substance use, codependency, trauma, grief, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, chronic pain, racial issues, and life transitions.
(571) 569-7721 View (571) 569-7721
Photo of Layne Talbott Mitchell, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Layne Talbott Mitchell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Layne is currently accepted new clients. She offers TeleHealth sessions only. She accepts most Cigna, Optum (United Healthcare), Anthem and Aetna plans. Layne is certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). The World Health Organization (WHO) has endorses EMDR as an effective treatment for trauma, depression and anxiety. EMDR is also helpful for negative thoughts about self which often lead to difficulty is relationships with others and fuel depression and anxiety.
Layne is currently accepted new clients. She offers TeleHealth sessions only. She accepts most Cigna, Optum (United Healthcare), Anthem and Aetna plans. Layne is certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). The World Health Organization (WHO) has endorses EMDR as an effective treatment for trauma, depression and anxiety. EMDR is also helpful for negative thoughts about self which often lead to difficulty is relationships with others and fuel depression and anxiety.
(804) 581-1794 View (804) 581-1794
Photo of Dr. Joan E. Winter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD
Dr. Joan E. Winter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD
The Museum District, Richmond, VA 23221
Dr. Joan E. Winter lectures on the subjects of marital therapy, family therapy, and incest. Her writings include extensive discourse on the practice and evaluation of family therapy. Additionally, Dr. Winter is on the Clinical faculty of the VCU Medical College of Virginia Department of Psychiatry where she supervises residents in family therapy. She also serves as a consultant to many organizations, both in the non-profit and private sectors. Her credentials include licenses in social work and Marriage and Family Therapy as well as Approved Supervisor Status for the American Association of Marriage and Family Therapists.
Dr. Joan E. Winter lectures on the subjects of marital therapy, family therapy, and incest. Her writings include extensive discourse on the practice and evaluation of family therapy. Additionally, Dr. Winter is on the Clinical faculty of the VCU Medical College of Virginia Department of Psychiatry where she supervises residents in family therapy. She also serves as a consultant to many organizations, both in the non-profit and private sectors. Her credentials include licenses in social work and Marriage and Family Therapy as well as Approved Supervisor Status for the American Association of Marriage and Family Therapists.
(804) 587-8825 View (804) 587-8825
Photo of Emily Agee, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Emily Agee
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
1 Endorsed
The Museum District, Richmond, VA 23221
Hello! How can I help you find joy today? Finding small joys for people is one of my passions. I find laughter to help manage stress. No matter how stressful life gets, I enjoy helping individuals find the small joys that strengthen their connection with themselves & others. I strive
Hello! How can I help you find joy today? Finding small joys for people is one of my passions. I find laughter to help manage stress. No matter how stressful life gets, I enjoy helping individuals find the small joys that strengthen their connection with themselves & others. I strive
(804) 294-4592 View (804) 294-4592
Photo of Stephanie Breitenbach, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Stephanie Breitenbach
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Stephanie Breitenbach, LPC, is a Licensed Professional Counselor with over a decade of clinical experience working with children, adolescents, and adults in both individual and family settings. She specializes in treating depression, grief/ bereavement, life transitions, and trauma.
Stephanie Breitenbach, LPC, is a Licensed Professional Counselor with over a decade of clinical experience working with children, adolescents, and adults in both individual and family settings. She specializes in treating depression, grief/ bereavement, life transitions, and trauma.
(804) 265-4128 View (804) 265-4128
Photo of Reebha Aggarwal, Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Reebha Aggarwal
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
1 Endorsed
The Museum District, Richmond, VA 23221
The past lingers like a shadow, replaying memories that won’t fade, tightening its grip when least expected. Sleep feels restless, relationships strained, and even the smallest of triggers send waves of anxiety through the body. The mind is caught in a loop—reliving, overanalyzing, bracing for what comes next. It’s exhausting, overwhelming, and no matter how much time passes, the wounds still feel fresh. You've been living in survival mode.
The past lingers like a shadow, replaying memories that won’t fade, tightening its grip when least expected. Sleep feels restless, relationships strained, and even the smallest of triggers send waves of anxiety through the body. The mind is caught in a loop—reliving, overanalyzing, bracing for what comes next. It’s exhausting, overwhelming, and no matter how much time passes, the wounds still feel fresh. You've been living in survival mode.
(804) 596-4461 View (804) 596-4461
Photo of Tess Davis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Tess Davis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
My work focuses on addressing a range of mental health struggles related to trauma including anxiety, depression, grief, insomnia, shame, and self-doubt. I have a deep understanding of the mind-body tolls that accompany trauma, in addition to perinatal experiences including pregnancy, loss, and parenthood. I strive to help my clients build resilience and coping skills to thrive. My goal is to help you feel less alone, release the need for control, embrace trust, transform perfectionism into self-compassion, be brave, and welcome joy. This journey isn't meant to be embarked on alone. Let's get through it together.
My work focuses on addressing a range of mental health struggles related to trauma including anxiety, depression, grief, insomnia, shame, and self-doubt. I have a deep understanding of the mind-body tolls that accompany trauma, in addition to perinatal experiences including pregnancy, loss, and parenthood. I strive to help my clients build resilience and coping skills to thrive. My goal is to help you feel less alone, release the need for control, embrace trust, transform perfectionism into self-compassion, be brave, and welcome joy. This journey isn't meant to be embarked on alone. Let's get through it together.
(804) 597-9512 View (804) 597-9512
Photo of Will Datta, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, C-SOTP
Will Datta
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, C-SOTP
1 Endorsed
The Museum District, Richmond, VA 23221
If you find it hard to talk or even think about the past, if you find yourself in unhealthy cycles or often ask yourself “Why am I continuing to have this problem?”, if you find yourself becoming overwhelmed easier than you have in the past, if you are experiencing a difficult time through life changes, or if you just need someone to listen, then I am here.
If you find it hard to talk or even think about the past, if you find yourself in unhealthy cycles or often ask yourself “Why am I continuing to have this problem?”, if you find yourself becoming overwhelmed easier than you have in the past, if you are experiencing a difficult time through life changes, or if you just need someone to listen, then I am here.
(804) 315-3627 x2 View (804) 315-3627 x2
Photo of Christina Stallings, MSW
Christina Stallings
Verified Verified
The Museum District, Richmond, VA 23220
Welcome! I know that life can be challenging and often unpredictable, but navigating these challenges to build resilience doesn’t have to be done alone. Family dynamics, work stress, and relationship conflicts can often feel burdensome. Increasing emotional awareness, processing life transitions, and exploring sustainable coping methods can help bring meaning and self-empowerment back into your life. I am dedicated to providing a warm, compassionate and non-judgmental space for adults and young adults struggling with anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, trauma, and/or co-occurring substance use to gain control over their lives.
Welcome! I know that life can be challenging and often unpredictable, but navigating these challenges to build resilience doesn’t have to be done alone. Family dynamics, work stress, and relationship conflicts can often feel burdensome. Increasing emotional awareness, processing life transitions, and exploring sustainable coping methods can help bring meaning and self-empowerment back into your life. I am dedicated to providing a warm, compassionate and non-judgmental space for adults and young adults struggling with anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, trauma, and/or co-occurring substance use to gain control over their lives.
(703) 822-7395 View (703) 822-7395
Photo of Caitlin Shiflett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PRYT
Caitlin Shiflett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PRYT
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you struggle to prioritize yourself when it comes to the needs of others? Do you feel a consistent sense of pressure to self-sacrifice in order to be liked or loved? This constant strain can leave you feeling anxious, depressed, or even experiencing chronic pain. Often, these patterns are rooted in early experiences, making it hard to set limits without guilt. We’ll work together to safely uncover and heal deeper wounds, helping you reduce emotional and physical stress, set healthy boundaries, and reclaim your well-being—while remaining the reliable person you’ve always been, now with a stronger sense of self.
Do you struggle to prioritize yourself when it comes to the needs of others? Do you feel a consistent sense of pressure to self-sacrifice in order to be liked or loved? This constant strain can leave you feeling anxious, depressed, or even experiencing chronic pain. Often, these patterns are rooted in early experiences, making it hard to set limits without guilt. We’ll work together to safely uncover and heal deeper wounds, helping you reduce emotional and physical stress, set healthy boundaries, and reclaim your well-being—while remaining the reliable person you’ve always been, now with a stronger sense of self.
(804) 294-4356 View (804) 294-4356
Photo of Elise Kindya, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Elise Kindya
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
3 Endorsed
The Museum District, Richmond, VA 23221
Therapy from the comfort of home. Often, past memories are debilitating and you feel like you're right back in that overwhelming situation. At times, you wish you could change what happened in the past but know you can't. What if you could change the way you relate to these memories and take back control over your body and emotions? There has been so much opportunity for your inner critic to speak. A voice in your head constantly criticizes you, and you've had enough. It's time to change this voice. I can help you see your past from the perspective of compassion, not judgment, and learn tools to move forward to an exciting future.
Therapy from the comfort of home. Often, past memories are debilitating and you feel like you're right back in that overwhelming situation. At times, you wish you could change what happened in the past but know you can't. What if you could change the way you relate to these memories and take back control over your body and emotions? There has been so much opportunity for your inner critic to speak. A voice in your head constantly criticizes you, and you've had enough. It's time to change this voice. I can help you see your past from the perspective of compassion, not judgment, and learn tools to move forward to an exciting future.
(804) 570-2308 View (804) 570-2308
Photo of Marilyn Finch Williams - Marilyn Finch Williams, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Marilyn Finch Williams, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I believe trusting clients' innate ability to understand and heal themselves. This belief also guides my work with family, couples' and children's issues. I help clients access their own emotional intelligence - awareness that a lack of confidence and support often block. I can help clients discover and articulate their desired change. I use techniques from different traditions - primarily Family Systems, Self and Developmental Psychology, cognitive/behavioral approaches, but believe primarily in the healing power of relationship.
I believe trusting clients' innate ability to understand and heal themselves. This belief also guides my work with family, couples' and children's issues. I help clients access their own emotional intelligence - awareness that a lack of confidence and support often block. I can help clients discover and articulate their desired change. I use techniques from different traditions - primarily Family Systems, Self and Developmental Psychology, cognitive/behavioral approaches, but believe primarily in the healing power of relationship.
(571) 620-6517 View (571) 620-6517
Photo of Ashley Bianchini, Pre-Licensed Professional, CSAC
Ashley Bianchini
Pre-Licensed Professional, CSAC
1 Endorsed
The Museum District, Richmond, VA 23220
I use a collaborative and holistic approach to therapy, integrating personal values and cultural beliefs into the process to support recovery. I specialize in treating substance use disorders and process addictions, including gambling and sex addiction. I also offer one-time assessments to determine the appropriate level of care for those struggling with substance use, as well as long-term remission counseling for individuals wanting to continue their recovery journey.
I use a collaborative and holistic approach to therapy, integrating personal values and cultural beliefs into the process to support recovery. I specialize in treating substance use disorders and process addictions, including gambling and sex addiction. I also offer one-time assessments to determine the appropriate level of care for those struggling with substance use, as well as long-term remission counseling for individuals wanting to continue their recovery journey.
(571) 454-5769 View (571) 454-5769
Photo of Grace J Hadeed, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, EdD, LCSW, LPC
Grace J Hadeed
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, EdD, LCSW, LPC
The Museum District, Richmond, VA 23221
Dr. Grace Hadeed primarily offers Family Therapy, Marital Therapy, Education,Clinical Supervision and Individual/Professional Consultation. We also assist clients who have difficulty "launching" into adulthood. She offers therapy specializing in family and intergenerational systems, providing therapy to couples and families to address issues at the source.
Dr. Grace Hadeed primarily offers Family Therapy, Marital Therapy, Education,Clinical Supervision and Individual/Professional Consultation. We also assist clients who have difficulty "launching" into adulthood. She offers therapy specializing in family and intergenerational systems, providing therapy to couples and families to address issues at the source.
(804) 409-2482 View (804) 409-2482
Photo of Ashlyn Dimmick, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Ashlyn Dimmick
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
1 Endorsed
The Museum District, Richmond, VA 23221
I am a licensed professional counselor who believes that it is an honor to walk alongside my clients in working with their mental health needs. I have experience with a wide variety of mental health needs, especially depression, anxiety, and trauma. I work with clients ages 15 and older, as well as families and couples. I'm a good choice for clients who want individualized sessions that focus on both their immediate and long-term needs. I emphasize learning and use of skills that are effective for that particular client to meet their goals.
I am a licensed professional counselor who believes that it is an honor to walk alongside my clients in working with their mental health needs. I have experience with a wide variety of mental health needs, especially depression, anxiety, and trauma. I work with clients ages 15 and older, as well as families and couples. I'm a good choice for clients who want individualized sessions that focus on both their immediate and long-term needs. I emphasize learning and use of skills that are effective for that particular client to meet their goals.
(804) 571-7550 View (804) 571-7550
Photo of Bridget Reiser, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Bridget Reiser
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
If you are looking for a collaborative space to understand your emotions and feel supported as you make change, I can help. As a therapist, I work to build trust and encourage openness with my clients. I strive to create a non-judgmental and shame free environment that allows for authentic connection in the therapy alliance. I help clients explore their strengths and values and create a personal narrative centered on their resilience and capacity to grow. If you’re dealing with: depression, relationship issues, grief, anxiety, life transitions, and LGBTQ+ affirming care, I’m here to help.
If you are looking for a collaborative space to understand your emotions and feel supported as you make change, I can help. As a therapist, I work to build trust and encourage openness with my clients. I strive to create a non-judgmental and shame free environment that allows for authentic connection in the therapy alliance. I help clients explore their strengths and values and create a personal narrative centered on their resilience and capacity to grow. If you’re dealing with: depression, relationship issues, grief, anxiety, life transitions, and LGBTQ+ affirming care, I’m here to help.
(804) 532-4893 View (804) 532-4893
Photo of Sherry Klauer, LMSW
Sherry Klauer
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
The Museum District, Richmond, VA 23221
There's something you want to change—maybe it's starting a new job, connecting more deeply with your partner or family, or prioritizing your physical health. But that inner voice keeps whispering that it's too hard, that you’ll never succeed. It’s tough to stay motivated when your own self-doubt gets in the way. Now, imagine a friend came to you feeling the same way. You’d remind them that they matter, that they’re worthy, and that they deserve to invest in themselves. And the truth is—you do too. Together, we’ll work on shifting negative thoughts, reconnecting you to your values, and help you become your own greatest supporter.
There's something you want to change—maybe it's starting a new job, connecting more deeply with your partner or family, or prioritizing your physical health. But that inner voice keeps whispering that it's too hard, that you’ll never succeed. It’s tough to stay motivated when your own self-doubt gets in the way. Now, imagine a friend came to you feeling the same way. You’d remind them that they matter, that they’re worthy, and that they deserve to invest in themselves. And the truth is—you do too. Together, we’ll work on shifting negative thoughts, reconnecting you to your values, and help you become your own greatest supporter.
(804) 409-9554 View (804) 409-9554
Photo of Mallory Pratt, Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate, LPCC
Mallory Pratt
Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate, LPCC
The Museum District, Richmond, VA 23220
I understand what it's like to set unrealistic expectations for yourself—constantly aiming for perfection and feeling like nothing is ever quite good enough. In my own journey of moving beyond perfectionistic standards, I know how challenging it can be to break free from the pressure of trying to get everything "just right." It’s easy to get lost in these pressures, but therapy is a space where you can challenge those expectations and realize that simply being yourself is more than enough. Whether you’re navigating grief, anxiety, depression, fertility struggles, pregnancy, postpartum, or life transitions, I am here to support you.
I understand what it's like to set unrealistic expectations for yourself—constantly aiming for perfection and feeling like nothing is ever quite good enough. In my own journey of moving beyond perfectionistic standards, I know how challenging it can be to break free from the pressure of trying to get everything "just right." It’s easy to get lost in these pressures, but therapy is a space where you can challenge those expectations and realize that simply being yourself is more than enough. Whether you’re navigating grief, anxiety, depression, fertility struggles, pregnancy, postpartum, or life transitions, I am here to support you.
(877) 570-2734 View (877) 570-2734
Photo of Gigi Gomez, Art Therapist, LPC-S, ATR-BC, ITR-C
Gigi Gomez
Art Therapist, LPC-S, ATR-BC, ITR-C
4 Endorsed
The Museum District, Richmond, VA 23220
It's overwhelming to grow up in this new stress filled culture, dealing with the intense pressure of family, academics, peers, and now social media! When words are not enough, Art Therapy, a combination of counseling and art making, can bring to light the uncertainty that is felt on the inside. For children, the focus is on the process of art-making to practice healthy habits while improving executive functioning skills. For teens and Young Adults (18-25) finding meaning and purpose through artistic symbols/metaphors can reduce anxiety about the future. Anyone can do Art Therapy!
It's overwhelming to grow up in this new stress filled culture, dealing with the intense pressure of family, academics, peers, and now social media! When words are not enough, Art Therapy, a combination of counseling and art making, can bring to light the uncertainty that is felt on the inside. For children, the focus is on the process of art-making to practice healthy habits while improving executive functioning skills. For teens and Young Adults (18-25) finding meaning and purpose through artistic symbols/metaphors can reduce anxiety about the future. Anyone can do Art Therapy!
(281) 214-6631 View (281) 214-6631

See more therapy options for The Museum District, Richmond

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in The Museum District, Richmond, VA

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in The Museum District, Richmond, VA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
90% Depression
78% Trauma and PTSD
74% Relationship Issues
71% Self Esteem
70% Coping Skills
68% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% Aetna
71% BlueCross and BlueShield
70% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in The Museum District, Richmond, VA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
10% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in The Museum District, Richmond?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.