Therapists in Richlands, VA

Photo of Bridget Kanz, CP, Psychologist
Bridget Kanz
Psychologist, CP
Verified Verified
Richlands, VA 24641
My name is Bridget Kanz and I am a licensed clinical psychologist. I believe that every person has the desire and capacity to live a full and healthy life. My goal as a therapist is to provide you with the support and skills needed to realize your potential. I have worked with a wide variety of clients throughout my career and am very comfortable treating many conditions including anxiety/panic, PTSD, bipolar, schizophrenia, schizoaffective, substance use, personality disorders, and depression.
My name is Bridget Kanz and I am a licensed clinical psychologist. I believe that every person has the desire and capacity to live a full and healthy life. My goal as a therapist is to provide you with the support and skills needed to realize your potential. I have worked with a wide variety of clients throughout my career and am very comfortable treating many conditions including anxiety/panic, PTSD, bipolar, schizophrenia, schizoaffective, substance use, personality disorders, and depression.
(571) 605-6421 View (571) 605-6421

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Krystie Wilson, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Krystie Wilson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
North Tazewell, VA 24630
Hi there. I am Krystie Wilson. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC). More specifically, I am someone who strives to create healthy changes in the lives of my clients. I find that we spend a lot of our lives in our own heads; focused on what has happened or what isn't happening. If you feel that you are struggling with silencing the negative thoughts, feeling alone, or being unable to move forward in your life, I can work with you to work get past the mental blocks, fears, rejections, and past traumas.
Hi there. I am Krystie Wilson. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC). More specifically, I am someone who strives to create healthy changes in the lives of my clients. I find that we spend a lot of our lives in our own heads; focused on what has happened or what isn't happening. If you feel that you are struggling with silencing the negative thoughts, feeling alone, or being unable to move forward in your life, I can work with you to work get past the mental blocks, fears, rejections, and past traumas.
(757) 929-9710 View (757) 929-9710
Photo of Ian Rivera, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ian Rivera
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pounding Mill, VA 24637
Welcome, my name is Ian Rivera and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 5 years of experience in the field. I work with individuals with all types of issues including depression, anxiety, addiction, men's issues, and mood disorders. My approach combines cognitive-behavioral, solution-focused brief, and motivational interviewing to help elicit change from within to become the best you. I have a warm and interactive counseling style and believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion.
Welcome, my name is Ian Rivera and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 5 years of experience in the field. I work with individuals with all types of issues including depression, anxiety, addiction, men's issues, and mood disorders. My approach combines cognitive-behavioral, solution-focused brief, and motivational interviewing to help elicit change from within to become the best you. I have a warm and interactive counseling style and believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion.
(703) 810-7912 View (703) 810-7912
Photo of Cassandra Merrick, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Cassandra Merrick
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Cedar Bluff, VA 24609
Hello! My name is Cassandra Merrick LPC. I am an African American female, who understands the challenges of work life balance. I live by the Golden Rule, of treating others the way I want to be treated. I am eager to help others discover or work through life's obstacles to gain optimum success. Everyone is different so my counseling style will vary depending on the individual.
Hello! My name is Cassandra Merrick LPC. I am an African American female, who understands the challenges of work life balance. I live by the Golden Rule, of treating others the way I want to be treated. I am eager to help others discover or work through life's obstacles to gain optimum success. Everyone is different so my counseling style will vary depending on the individual.
(804) 207-7394 View (804) 207-7394
Photo of Teresa Paine, PhD, LPC, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Teresa Paine
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Tazewell, VA 24651
I work with couples who are having marriage or relationship problems. I teach couples how to effectively communicate, resolve conflict and live happier lives together. I have worked with a wide range of relationship problems such as affairs, financial struggles, and step-family issues. I have completed Level 3 Training in the Gottman Couples Therapy Method. I also work with problems within families such as ADHD or behavioral problems with children and teens. I work with clients who have a range of mental and emotional problems such as, Addictions, Anxiety, Panic Disorder, Anger Management, depression, and trauma.
I work with couples who are having marriage or relationship problems. I teach couples how to effectively communicate, resolve conflict and live happier lives together. I have worked with a wide range of relationship problems such as affairs, financial struggles, and step-family issues. I have completed Level 3 Training in the Gottman Couples Therapy Method. I also work with problems within families such as ADHD or behavioral problems with children and teens. I work with clients who have a range of mental and emotional problems such as, Addictions, Anxiety, Panic Disorder, Anger Management, depression, and trauma.
(304) 579-8858 View (304) 579-8858
Photo of Krystal Scott, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Krystal Scott
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pounding Mill, VA 24637
Hi I am Krystal Scott, LCSW in the state of VA. I use a variety of approaches combined based upon the individual's needs. The focus area of practice is working with adults and elderly that suffer with mental illness and/or addiction. The types of clients I typically work with are adults typically 25 and up along with the geriatric populations. Most of the individual suffer from past traumas, day-to-day life stressors, addictions, and unstable persistent mental illnesses.
Hi I am Krystal Scott, LCSW in the state of VA. I use a variety of approaches combined based upon the individual's needs. The focus area of practice is working with adults and elderly that suffer with mental illness and/or addiction. The types of clients I typically work with are adults typically 25 and up along with the geriatric populations. Most of the individual suffer from past traumas, day-to-day life stressors, addictions, and unstable persistent mental illnesses.
(757) 854-9826 View (757) 854-9826
Photo of Pamela Gibson - The Gibson Counseling Center, EdD, MS/MA, LPC/NCC, ALPS, Licensed Professional Counselor
The Gibson Counseling Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, MS/MA, LPC/NCC, ALPS
Verified Verified
Bluefield, VA 24605
The Mission of the Gibson Counseling Center, PLLC is to strive to be an outstanding private practice providing therapeutic care and treatment of the highest standards, searching for new knowledge to promote mental health.
The Mission of the Gibson Counseling Center, PLLC is to strive to be an outstanding private practice providing therapeutic care and treatment of the highest standards, searching for new knowledge to promote mental health.
(304) 487-9996 View (304) 487-9996
Photo of Shaina Lester, MEd, Pre-Licensed Professional
Shaina Lester
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Immediate openings available! I am a licensed Resident Counselor in Virginia with five years of experience in the mental health field. I have worked in various areas, including intensive in-home therapy, therapeutic day treatment, and outpatient therapy. My background allows me to connect with individuals of all ages, and I am particularly sensitive to the unique challenges faced by the LGBTQIA+ community. My understanding of gender dysphoria, sexual orientation, and the complexities of navigating mental health within this community informs my therapeutic approach, making me a vital ally and advocate.
Immediate openings available! I am a licensed Resident Counselor in Virginia with five years of experience in the mental health field. I have worked in various areas, including intensive in-home therapy, therapeutic day treatment, and outpatient therapy. My background allows me to connect with individuals of all ages, and I am particularly sensitive to the unique challenges faced by the LGBTQIA+ community. My understanding of gender dysphoria, sexual orientation, and the complexities of navigating mental health within this community informs my therapeutic approach, making me a vital ally and advocate.
(276) 242-8914 View (276) 242-8914
Photo of Amanda Lee Mft-Resident - Amanda Lee , MFT-Res, Pre-Licensed Professional
Amanda Lee
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFT-Res
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a dedicated Resident in Marriage and Family Therapy, specializing in Solution-Focused and Narrative Therapy approaches. I passionately support individuals, couples, and families who are navigating a wide array of challenges, including anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship difficulties, life transitions, and issues related to self-esteem. As a marriage and family therapist, I view the relationship of the client and explore how each person’s behavior affects others. By fostering a deeper understanding of the narratives they share, I help improve communication, listening, and problem-solving skills.
I am a dedicated Resident in Marriage and Family Therapy, specializing in Solution-Focused and Narrative Therapy approaches. I passionately support individuals, couples, and families who are navigating a wide array of challenges, including anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship difficulties, life transitions, and issues related to self-esteem. As a marriage and family therapist, I view the relationship of the client and explore how each person’s behavior affects others. By fostering a deeper understanding of the narratives they share, I help improve communication, listening, and problem-solving skills.
(276) 881-7119 View (276) 881-7119
Photo of Kimberly Mcgrady, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kimberly Mcgrady
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Birchleaf, VA 24220
Welcome! My name is Kimberly McGrady (VA license 0904015173). Right now it doesn't feel like it, but you can create change in your life! It is hard work to get your mind to stop doing all that unhealthy stuff like keeping you stuck, unmotivated, ruminating, anxious, fearful, insecure, depressed, being self-critical, and repeating negative patterns. Let's dive in, see where your head is, set some goals, create some new thought patterns, learn self-compassion, and get you back to living your best life. My ideal client wants to actively engage in therapy and learn effective mind skills to evolve and thrive.
Welcome! My name is Kimberly McGrady (VA license 0904015173). Right now it doesn't feel like it, but you can create change in your life! It is hard work to get your mind to stop doing all that unhealthy stuff like keeping you stuck, unmotivated, ruminating, anxious, fearful, insecure, depressed, being self-critical, and repeating negative patterns. Let's dive in, see where your head is, set some goals, create some new thought patterns, learn self-compassion, and get you back to living your best life. My ideal client wants to actively engage in therapy and learn effective mind skills to evolve and thrive.
(276) 807-5352 View (276) 807-5352
Photo of Cameron Dupree, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cameron Dupree
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pounding Mill, VA 24637
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, working with clients within the states of Virginia and Texas, and I would love to connect with you! With over 10 years of experience in serving adult individuals dealing with anxiety, depression, life transitions, and more, one of my beliefs is the importance of maintaining an authentic environment. With the use of various tools and therapeutic approaches, I seek to help each client understand their abilities and create a path toward confronting challenges.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, working with clients within the states of Virginia and Texas, and I would love to connect with you! With over 10 years of experience in serving adult individuals dealing with anxiety, depression, life transitions, and more, one of my beliefs is the importance of maintaining an authentic environment. With the use of various tools and therapeutic approaches, I seek to help each client understand their abilities and create a path toward confronting challenges.
(540) 616-2724 View (540) 616-2724
Photo of Jessica Hodges, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jessica Hodges
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pounding Mill, VA 24637
My name is Jessica Hodges. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor as well as a Certified Substance Abuse counselor in the state of Virginia. I practice from a person-centered modality while working with my clients to develop treatment goals. I specialize in addiction, anxiety, and emotional regulation. I am most comfortable in treating clients aged 18 and older. I believe that as long as my clients aim for improved mental health, we can work together to achieve that! I believe in open and honest communication with my clients. Full transparency with professional boundaries is essential in encouraging change.
My name is Jessica Hodges. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor as well as a Certified Substance Abuse counselor in the state of Virginia. I practice from a person-centered modality while working with my clients to develop treatment goals. I specialize in addiction, anxiety, and emotional regulation. I am most comfortable in treating clients aged 18 and older. I believe that as long as my clients aim for improved mental health, we can work together to achieve that! I believe in open and honest communication with my clients. Full transparency with professional boundaries is essential in encouraging change.
(571) 506-6873 View (571) 506-6873
Photo of Brittany Williams, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brittany Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Cedar Bluff, VA 24609
My name is Brittany Williams. I am an LPC in Virginia and I mostly use cognitive-behavioral therapy. I enjoy working with a wide range of people of all ages and conditions from kids to teenagers to adults to older adults, who are experiencing anything from depression to anxiety to life changes such as grief and loss or anything in between! I look forward to working with you! I have worked with clients of all ages but enjoy mostly working with kids and teenagers. I feel like they have a lot going on in life that is very difficult to navigate and can have a lot of depression and anxiety on top of everything else.
My name is Brittany Williams. I am an LPC in Virginia and I mostly use cognitive-behavioral therapy. I enjoy working with a wide range of people of all ages and conditions from kids to teenagers to adults to older adults, who are experiencing anything from depression to anxiety to life changes such as grief and loss or anything in between! I look forward to working with you! I have worked with clients of all ages but enjoy mostly working with kids and teenagers. I feel like they have a lot going on in life that is very difficult to navigate and can have a lot of depression and anxiety on top of everything else.
(540) 712-6314 View (540) 712-6314
Photo of Catherine Medina, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Catherine Medina
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Hurley, VA 24620
Hi! My name is Catherine Medina, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker practicing in Virginia. My goal is to assist people in living their most fulfilling life by resolving the issues that stand in their way. I have extensive clinical training and experience, and I am excited to make a positive difference in your life! I primarily work with adults and couples. I have extensive experience with adults of all ages and with newlyweds as well as people in long-term relationships. My experience is primarily in treating mood, anxiety, trauma, self-esteem, and relationship issues.
Hi! My name is Catherine Medina, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker practicing in Virginia. My goal is to assist people in living their most fulfilling life by resolving the issues that stand in their way. I have extensive clinical training and experience, and I am excited to make a positive difference in your life! I primarily work with adults and couples. I have extensive experience with adults of all ages and with newlyweds as well as people in long-term relationships. My experience is primarily in treating mood, anxiety, trauma, self-esteem, and relationship issues.
(757) 637-1461 View (757) 637-1461
Photo of Lisa Smith, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
North Tazewell, VA 24630
Hi. I'm Lisa Smith, a Clinical Social Worker. I like our therapy to be a time of creating what next steps you are willing to try. Together we think of the barrier. I act as a coach for accountability with awareness of any diagnosis or past struggles you've had. I highlight your strengths and together we celebrate victories. The therapy I use is research-based. I'll show you the logic and ease of following incremental steps. I will share the traits of your personality or diagnosis that are working for or hindering progress. When plans don't work, we begin again.
Hi. I'm Lisa Smith, a Clinical Social Worker. I like our therapy to be a time of creating what next steps you are willing to try. Together we think of the barrier. I act as a coach for accountability with awareness of any diagnosis or past struggles you've had. I highlight your strengths and together we celebrate victories. The therapy I use is research-based. I'll show you the logic and ease of following incremental steps. I will share the traits of your personality or diagnosis that are working for or hindering progress. When plans don't work, we begin again.
(703) 952-0015 View (703) 952-0015
Photo of Sabrina Guinn, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sabrina Guinn
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Abingdon, VA 24210
I'm currently accepting new clients. Evening and weekend appointments are available! We all struggle with finding just the right balance in our lives. Maybe anxiety, depression, and outside stressors are keeping you from feeling present in your life. Maybe significant events from your past are intruding into your thoughts and hijacking your present experience. Perhaps your marriage is suffering and the two of you are having difficulty in finding compromise and balance. If you want to work on developing a real, dynamic, and balanced life, I can help you to find a path forward to achieving the reality that you want.
I'm currently accepting new clients. Evening and weekend appointments are available! We all struggle with finding just the right balance in our lives. Maybe anxiety, depression, and outside stressors are keeping you from feeling present in your life. Maybe significant events from your past are intruding into your thoughts and hijacking your present experience. Perhaps your marriage is suffering and the two of you are having difficulty in finding compromise and balance. If you want to work on developing a real, dynamic, and balanced life, I can help you to find a path forward to achieving the reality that you want.
(276) 208-8386 View (276) 208-8386
Photo of Kristian Delaney, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kristian Delaney
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Abingdon, VA 24210
Not accepting new clients
If you have ever asked yourself "why do I do this," or "why do I feel this way," I want you to know those are valid questions and the answers are not out of reach. I believe that you deserve the best version of yourself that you can have and that includes working through past trauma/experiences, anxiety, self-esteem, and other concerns. I have dedicated myself to help clients understand themselves more, help process and heal through, and assist in the journey of life. I believe you deserve to live life fully the way you want to, as who you are, and I use my expertise to support you wherever you are in the process.
If you have ever asked yourself "why do I do this," or "why do I feel this way," I want you to know those are valid questions and the answers are not out of reach. I believe that you deserve the best version of yourself that you can have and that includes working through past trauma/experiences, anxiety, self-esteem, and other concerns. I have dedicated myself to help clients understand themselves more, help process and heal through, and assist in the journey of life. I believe you deserve to live life fully the way you want to, as who you are, and I use my expertise to support you wherever you are in the process.
(276) 208-8650 View (276) 208-8650
Photo of Wendi S Read, MA, CTIC, CMR
Wendi S Read
MA, CTIC, CMR
Verified Verified
Abingdon, VA 24210
YOU are worth investing in! Every day gives us a new chance to begin again. We all are seeking balance and perspective in this very chaotic world. Mitigating personal, professional, academic, relational, and spiritual integrity is a difficult challenge. I’m confident that together we can overcome any challenge or heart-break you face. I specialize in Covert/Overt Narcissistic Abuse Identification & Recovery! Hope is available! If you're ready to address the issues and do the work...I am ready to process them with you!
YOU are worth investing in! Every day gives us a new chance to begin again. We all are seeking balance and perspective in this very chaotic world. Mitigating personal, professional, academic, relational, and spiritual integrity is a difficult challenge. I’m confident that together we can overcome any challenge or heart-break you face. I specialize in Covert/Overt Narcissistic Abuse Identification & Recovery! Hope is available! If you're ready to address the issues and do the work...I am ready to process them with you!
(423) 482-8269 View (423) 482-8269
Photo of Lori M Long, MEd, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lori M Long
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Abingdon, VA 24210
Lori Long, a Licensed Professional and National Certified Virginia Counselor, has worked in varied fields, including public and private schools, and in-home and psychiatric hospital settings. Long has many years of experience addressing anxiety, depression, attention deficit disorders, autism, bi-polar behavior, attachment/adjustment difficulties, serious emotional issues, behavioral challenges and trauma survival. By offering unique opportunity in a private, confidential setting, Long seeks to empower her clients to overcome challenges, leading them toward the authentic realization of a satisfying, rewarding life.
Lori Long, a Licensed Professional and National Certified Virginia Counselor, has worked in varied fields, including public and private schools, and in-home and psychiatric hospital settings. Long has many years of experience addressing anxiety, depression, attention deficit disorders, autism, bi-polar behavior, attachment/adjustment difficulties, serious emotional issues, behavioral challenges and trauma survival. By offering unique opportunity in a private, confidential setting, Long seeks to empower her clients to overcome challenges, leading them toward the authentic realization of a satisfying, rewarding life.
(276) 325-2420 View (276) 325-2420
Photo of Holden Raines, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Holden Raines
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Abingdon, VA 24210
I am Holden Raines, a Licensed Professional Counselor with 8 years of experience working in the mental health field. I have worked extensively in the community and developed a flexible, person-centered approach. I specialize in treating anxiety, depression, behavioral issues, and family conflict, having completed my Master's (M.S) in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Radford University.
I am Holden Raines, a Licensed Professional Counselor with 8 years of experience working in the mental health field. I have worked extensively in the community and developed a flexible, person-centered approach. I specialize in treating anxiety, depression, behavioral issues, and family conflict, having completed my Master's (M.S) in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Radford University.
(540) 328-9298 View (540) 328-9298

See more therapy options for Richlands

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Richlands, VA

< 10

Therapists in Richlands, VA who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Addiction
100% Eating Disorders
100% Grief
100% Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD)
100% Divorce

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Richlands, VA see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Richlands?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.