Therapists in Purcellville, VA

Photo of Stribling Counseling Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Purcellville, VA
Stribling Counseling Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
Please visit our website to see all of the therapist in Stribling Counseling Services. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us. www.striblingcounseling.com
Please visit our website to see all of the therapist in Stribling Counseling Services. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us. www.striblingcounseling.com
(540) 709-7463 View (540) 709-7463
Photo of Holly Ameen, Licensed Professional Counselor in Purcellville, VA
Holly Ameen
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
Holly Ameen is a licensed professional counselor who has 20 years of experience working in the mental health field. She obtained her Bachelor of Science degree at James Madison University in 2001 and Master's degree from Marymount University in 2005. Holly feels confident working with clients who have complex mental health or behavioral challenges. Therapy modalities used in treatment include cognitive behavioral therapy, trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, solution focused therapy and animal assisted therapy.
Holly Ameen is a licensed professional counselor who has 20 years of experience working in the mental health field. She obtained her Bachelor of Science degree at James Madison University in 2001 and Master's degree from Marymount University in 2005. Holly feels confident working with clients who have complex mental health or behavioral challenges. Therapy modalities used in treatment include cognitive behavioral therapy, trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, solution focused therapy and animal assisted therapy.
(540) 698-4879 View (540) 698-4879
Mary Ann Rapp
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
Mary Ann graduated from The George Washington University with her Master's in Counseling and currently does individual therapy with Lifestance Health, both in person and by televisit. She also holds a Master's in Interdisciplinary Studies from George Mason University. Her areas of expertise include PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Management and Substance Abuse. Prior to coming to Lifestance, Mary Ann worked for Inova Loudoun Hospital as well as spent 9 years at the Washington DC VA Medical Center. She enjoys gardening, travel and snorkeling as hobbies.
Mary Ann graduated from The George Washington University with her Master's in Counseling and currently does individual therapy with Lifestance Health, both in person and by televisit. She also holds a Master's in Interdisciplinary Studies from George Mason University. Her areas of expertise include PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Management and Substance Abuse. Prior to coming to Lifestance, Mary Ann worked for Inova Loudoun Hospital as well as spent 9 years at the Washington DC VA Medical Center. She enjoys gardening, travel and snorkeling as hobbies.
(540) 401-8476 View (540) 401-8476
Photo of Cynthia W Hayes, Psychologist in Purcellville, VA
Cynthia W Hayes
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
I have a broad practice in which I work with adults, adolescents and children on a variety of issues including, depression, anxiety, relationship and family issues, ADHD, learning and developmental difficulties. I also conduct psychoeducational and gifted and talented testing.
I have a broad practice in which I work with adults, adolescents and children on a variety of issues including, depression, anxiety, relationship and family issues, ADHD, learning and developmental difficulties. I also conduct psychoeducational and gifted and talented testing.
(703) 468-8426 View (703) 468-8426
Photo of Glenn Horwitz, Psychologist in Purcellville, VA
Glenn Horwitz
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
As a psychotherapist, I cultivate a safe & supportive atmosphere in which my clients explore thoughts and feelings about the important areas in their lives that may be broken, or not working as well as one hoped and planned. Adults often address major life changes, symptoms of anxiety and depression, relationship issues, as well as struggles with substance misuse and alcoholism. To schedule an initial consult, please cut/paste link to Calendly here into your browser > calendly.com/drglennphd
As a psychotherapist, I cultivate a safe & supportive atmosphere in which my clients explore thoughts and feelings about the important areas in their lives that may be broken, or not working as well as one hoped and planned. Adults often address major life changes, symptoms of anxiety and depression, relationship issues, as well as struggles with substance misuse and alcoholism. To schedule an initial consult, please cut/paste link to Calendly here into your browser > calendly.com/drglennphd
(571) 399-5847 View (571) 399-5847
Photo of Tina M Pascua, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Purcellville, VA
Tina M Pascua
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
I specialize in Solution Focused Brief Therapy and joining those on a healing journey from past traumas. Our ideal client at Heartstrings Mended Counseling may be grappling with the challenges of life, striving for fulfilling relationships and seeking emotional well-being. They might be individuals aiming for self-discovery, couples yearning for deeper emotional connections, or families navigating complex dynamics. Their goals center around trust, love, mutual respect, and understanding, all in pursuit of a holistic journey of contentment and well-being.
I specialize in Solution Focused Brief Therapy and joining those on a healing journey from past traumas. Our ideal client at Heartstrings Mended Counseling may be grappling with the challenges of life, striving for fulfilling relationships and seeking emotional well-being. They might be individuals aiming for self-discovery, couples yearning for deeper emotional connections, or families navigating complex dynamics. Their goals center around trust, love, mutual respect, and understanding, all in pursuit of a holistic journey of contentment and well-being.
(540) 358-8412 View (540) 358-8412
Photo of Mary Ann Rapp, Licensed Professional Counselor in Purcellville, VA
Mary Ann Rapp
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
Mary Ann earned a Master's in Community Counseling from The George Washington University and has many years experience in treating Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Sexual Trauma, Women's Issues and Substance Use Disorders. She spent 18 months working for Inova Behavioral Health in Leesburg in 2019 - She is a seasoned therapist who was born and raised in Northern Virginia. Mary Ann loves traveling, gardening, cherishing her two cats and spending time with cherished friends.
Mary Ann earned a Master's in Community Counseling from The George Washington University and has many years experience in treating Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Sexual Trauma, Women's Issues and Substance Use Disorders. She spent 18 months working for Inova Behavioral Health in Leesburg in 2019 - She is a seasoned therapist who was born and raised in Northern Virginia. Mary Ann loves traveling, gardening, cherishing her two cats and spending time with cherished friends.
(540) 755-3465 View (540) 755-3465
Photo of PML Professional Psychological Services, PLLC in Purcellville, VA
PML Professional Psychological Services, PLLC
MS, NCSP, CAS
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
Licensed School Psychologist, MS, NCSP, CAS. I work with children, teens, and adults by providing comprehensive diagnostic psycho/educational assessments including updated assessments and accommodations for college. I will test for possible learning disabilities (including Dyslexia), Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism, and/or a broad range of social-emotional needs incl. Depression and/or Anxiety.
Licensed School Psychologist, MS, NCSP, CAS. I work with children, teens, and adults by providing comprehensive diagnostic psycho/educational assessments including updated assessments and accommodations for college. I will test for possible learning disabilities (including Dyslexia), Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism, and/or a broad range of social-emotional needs incl. Depression and/or Anxiety.
(540) 416-0615 View (540) 416-0615
Photo of Eileen Mulcahy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Purcellville, VA
Eileen Mulcahy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
Eileen is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who works primarily with children, teens, adults, and families. She has over 28 years of professional experience that she uses to assist clients suffering from stress, family conflict, anxiety, depression, ADHD, women's issues, trauma, PTSD, and more. She completed her Master's in Social Work from the University of Maryland-Baltimore, specializing in families and children, and earned her Bachelor's degree in Psychology and Women's Studies from Goddard College.
Eileen is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who works primarily with children, teens, adults, and families. She has over 28 years of professional experience that she uses to assist clients suffering from stress, family conflict, anxiety, depression, ADHD, women's issues, trauma, PTSD, and more. She completed her Master's in Social Work from the University of Maryland-Baltimore, specializing in families and children, and earned her Bachelor's degree in Psychology and Women's Studies from Goddard College.
(540) 501-7183 View (540) 501-7183
Photo of Kellie Boyle, Licensed Professional Counselor in Purcellville, VA
Kellie Boyle
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
Kellie is a LPC who has been practicing since 2015. She graduated from JMU with a degree in Psychology & Family Studies, earned her Master’s in Counseling at UNC Charlotte, and completed post- master’s work in professional counseling at VCU. Kellie thoroughly enjoys learning about her client’s backgrounds and life experiences. She became EMDR trained in September 2023; being completely inspired by the research and outcomes of this treatment area. She is eager to continue her training, development, and advocacy in EMDR. Kellie also uses a great deal of Cognitive Behavioral techniques.
Kellie is a LPC who has been practicing since 2015. She graduated from JMU with a degree in Psychology & Family Studies, earned her Master’s in Counseling at UNC Charlotte, and completed post- master’s work in professional counseling at VCU. Kellie thoroughly enjoys learning about her client’s backgrounds and life experiences. She became EMDR trained in September 2023; being completely inspired by the research and outcomes of this treatment area. She is eager to continue her training, development, and advocacy in EMDR. Kellie also uses a great deal of Cognitive Behavioral techniques.
(540) 889-3748 View (540) 889-3748
Photo of Sherry Hall, LPC, NCC, Board Approved Supervisor, Licensed Professional Counselor in Purcellville, VA
Sherry Hall, LPC, NCC, Board Approved Supervisor
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Purcellville, VA 20132  (Online Only)
My clients find me warm and welcoming. Everyone needs someone to listen to them as they work through challenging situations and I am here to help. My personal experiences and extensive educational background help me relate as you are navigating around, or through, life's twists and turns. You can call, text, or email me at shallcounseling@aol.com to get the conversation started. For more information, please visit my website: www.sherryhallcounseling.com
My clients find me warm and welcoming. Everyone needs someone to listen to them as they work through challenging situations and I am here to help. My personal experiences and extensive educational background help me relate as you are navigating around, or through, life's twists and turns. You can call, text, or email me at shallcounseling@aol.com to get the conversation started. For more information, please visit my website: www.sherryhallcounseling.com
(571) 512-3834 View (571) 512-3834
Photo of Anita Wiles, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Purcellville, VA
Anita Wiles
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
Sometimes we all feel overwhelmed and need to learn healthier ways to cope. Stress can impact your relationships, work, and your physical wellbeing. Whether your concern centers around family issues, work or school pressures, relationships, illness, or one of life's many unexpected challenges - we can work together to develop your strengths and coping skills, with the overall goal of you living a life of optimal wellness. I have been in the mental health field for over 25 years. I earned my MSW from Virginia Commonwealth University and have been a LCSW since 1995.
Sometimes we all feel overwhelmed and need to learn healthier ways to cope. Stress can impact your relationships, work, and your physical wellbeing. Whether your concern centers around family issues, work or school pressures, relationships, illness, or one of life's many unexpected challenges - we can work together to develop your strengths and coping skills, with the overall goal of you living a life of optimal wellness. I have been in the mental health field for over 25 years. I earned my MSW from Virginia Commonwealth University and have been a LCSW since 1995.
(540) 900-3302 View (540) 900-3302
Photo of Karina McGovern Chace, Licensed Professional Counselor in Purcellville, VA
Karina McGovern Chace
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Not Verified Not Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
I am a depth psychologist and psychotherapist with a peaceful therapy studio in Purcellville, Virginia. I excel in bereavement, adolescents, military families, and women's issues including fertility. My goal is to provide a sanctuary for you to explore and discover who you authentically are. In this safe space, you will be encouraged to unveil your strengths, and to confidently present the "real you" to the world. My style of therapy is uniquely comfortable, creative, and grounding. I can help you safely work through trauma and confusion related to life changes and identity, helping to clear obstacles in your path.
I am a depth psychologist and psychotherapist with a peaceful therapy studio in Purcellville, Virginia. I excel in bereavement, adolescents, military families, and women's issues including fertility. My goal is to provide a sanctuary for you to explore and discover who you authentically are. In this safe space, you will be encouraged to unveil your strengths, and to confidently present the "real you" to the world. My style of therapy is uniquely comfortable, creative, and grounding. I can help you safely work through trauma and confusion related to life changes and identity, helping to clear obstacles in your path.
(503) 446-3243 View (503) 446-3243
Photo of Carissa Francis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Purcellville, VA
Carissa Francis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LISW-CP, ICSW
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
Carissa is currently on maternity leave and plans to return to the office in May 2024. Carissa provides in-person sessions in Purcellville, Virginia and virtual therapy to those residing in West Virginia, Virginia, & Washington, DC. She enjoys working with adolescents, teens, & adults. Carissa uses light humor and warmth to connect with clients and create a safe place for their healing and self-discovery. She is trained in many evidenced-based treatments to empower clients to identify obstacles and build skills to achieve their goals. Modalities used in sessions are determined based on the needs of the individual.
Carissa is currently on maternity leave and plans to return to the office in May 2024. Carissa provides in-person sessions in Purcellville, Virginia and virtual therapy to those residing in West Virginia, Virginia, & Washington, DC. She enjoys working with adolescents, teens, & adults. Carissa uses light humor and warmth to connect with clients and create a safe place for their healing and self-discovery. She is trained in many evidenced-based treatments to empower clients to identify obstacles and build skills to achieve their goals. Modalities used in sessions are determined based on the needs of the individual.
(540) 889-3487 View (540) 889-3487
Photo of Tami Nelson, Psychologist in Purcellville, VA
Tami Nelson
Psychologist, PsyD, LCP
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist who specializes in anxiety and PTSD treatment for adults, expats, Foreign Service members, and military veterans. I also routinely conduct psychological testing for ADHD and differential diagnosis of mental health concerns. I believe that a collaborative and empathic approach to psychological care empowers people to create lasting and meaningful change. In this approach, I utilize a combination of evidence-based practice and clinical expertise in order to promote your personal strengths, to enhance your resiliency, and to achieve your goals.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist who specializes in anxiety and PTSD treatment for adults, expats, Foreign Service members, and military veterans. I also routinely conduct psychological testing for ADHD and differential diagnosis of mental health concerns. I believe that a collaborative and empathic approach to psychological care empowers people to create lasting and meaningful change. In this approach, I utilize a combination of evidence-based practice and clinical expertise in order to promote your personal strengths, to enhance your resiliency, and to achieve your goals.
(571) 200-1788 View (571) 200-1788
Photo of Katrina Clayton, Licensed Professional Counselor in Purcellville, VA
Katrina Clayton
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
Katrina Clayton works with individuals, couples, and groups. Specialty areas include Christian counseling, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, betrayal trauma, couples, family dysfunction, and relationship difficulties. Katrina uses multiple therapeutic techniques to best meet the needs of her client. This may include Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). Attachment Therapy, and Solutions-Focused Therapy. She also will integrate Biblical principles for those who want a combination of faith-based counseling with therapeutic techniques.
Katrina Clayton works with individuals, couples, and groups. Specialty areas include Christian counseling, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, betrayal trauma, couples, family dysfunction, and relationship difficulties. Katrina uses multiple therapeutic techniques to best meet the needs of her client. This may include Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). Attachment Therapy, and Solutions-Focused Therapy. She also will integrate Biblical principles for those who want a combination of faith-based counseling with therapeutic techniques.
(540) 712-8424 View (540) 712-8424
Photo of Megan Klenk, Pre-Licensed Professional in Purcellville, VA
Megan Klenk
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Purcellville, VA 20132
Megan has a Master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Megan works with a wide range of issues including, anxiety, depression, grief and loss. Additionally, Megan has extensive experience working with military and foreign service families and individuals. In this area Megan helps clients process trauma, loss and adjust to ever changing life dynamics associated with serving. One other distinctive area that Megan excels in, is sports performance stressors and challenges.
Megan has a Master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Megan works with a wide range of issues including, anxiety, depression, grief and loss. Additionally, Megan has extensive experience working with military and foreign service families and individuals. In this area Megan helps clients process trauma, loss and adjust to ever changing life dynamics associated with serving. One other distinctive area that Megan excels in, is sports performance stressors and challenges.
(540) 306-5567 View (540) 306-5567
Photo of Mountain View Therapy Group, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Purcellville, VA
Mountain View Therapy Group
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
We are accepting new clients at this time! Welcome! We are so glad you are here. Mountain View Therapy Group has been established to meet the mental health needs in our community. Our clinicians provide quality therapy to children, teens and adults by providing individuals with tools and strategies to navigate difficult situations and emotions.
We are accepting new clients at this time! Welcome! We are so glad you are here. Mountain View Therapy Group has been established to meet the mental health needs in our community. Our clinicians provide quality therapy to children, teens and adults by providing individuals with tools and strategies to navigate difficult situations and emotions.
(540) 210-1381 View (540) 210-1381
Photo of Isabella Garcia, Pre-Licensed Professional in Purcellville, VA
Isabella Garcia
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
l am passionate about working with clients facing issues related to anxiety, depression, trauma, substance use issues, and life transitions. My goal is to provide immediate and long-lasting relief to a client's symptoms. I work with teenagers and adults, from all walks of life. In our sessions, you can expect a safe and non-judgmental space where you can freely express yourself.
l am passionate about working with clients facing issues related to anxiety, depression, trauma, substance use issues, and life transitions. My goal is to provide immediate and long-lasting relief to a client's symptoms. I work with teenagers and adults, from all walks of life. In our sessions, you can expect a safe and non-judgmental space where you can freely express yourself.
(540) 712-6254 View (540) 712-6254
Photo of Mauli’Ola Therapy, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Purcellville, VA
Mauli’Ola Therapy, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CCTP2
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
The goal of Mauli’Ola Therapy is to provide a breath of life (Hawaiian) for each client and a safe space. Each of us carry daily interactions that may fill our bucket and have life experiences that may prevent us from living the life we envision. You possess all the strength to make this happen and we are here to support you in finding your breath. We all experience traumas and pain in our lives. Your ability to heal is only one element of your resiliency and Mauli’Ola strives to help you enhance those skills and catch your breath. We gain so much by looking up and being present in our lives each moment we spend in self.
The goal of Mauli’Ola Therapy is to provide a breath of life (Hawaiian) for each client and a safe space. Each of us carry daily interactions that may fill our bucket and have life experiences that may prevent us from living the life we envision. You possess all the strength to make this happen and we are here to support you in finding your breath. We all experience traumas and pain in our lives. Your ability to heal is only one element of your resiliency and Mauli’Ola strives to help you enhance those skills and catch your breath. We gain so much by looking up and being present in our lives each moment we spend in self.
(540) 202-1883 View (540) 202-1883

See more therapy options for Purcellville

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Purcellville, VA

70+

Average cost per session

$165

Therapists in Purcellville, VA who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
79% Depression
71% Relationship Issues
71% Trauma and PTSD
68% Self Esteem
64% Coping Skills
62% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

56% Aetna
56% BlueCross and BlueShield
56% Anthem | Elevance

How Therapists in Purcellville, VA see their clients

84% In Person and Online
16% Online Only

Gender breakdown

91% Female
9% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Purcellville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.