Therapists in Port Republic, VA

Photo of Anna Bezemer, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anna Bezemer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Port Republic, VA 24471
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with a master's in clinical social work, based in Richmond Virginia. I work with adult clients of all backgrounds, while specializing in following areas: LGBTQ+, kink/polyamory/ethically non-monogamous relationships, sex workers, and substance use/misuse recovery and harm reduction. I am passionate about helping people feel comfortable and safe in their own skins and gain tools to manage their day to day lives.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with a master's in clinical social work, based in Richmond Virginia. I work with adult clients of all backgrounds, while specializing in following areas: LGBTQ+, kink/polyamory/ethically non-monogamous relationships, sex workers, and substance use/misuse recovery and harm reduction. I am passionate about helping people feel comfortable and safe in their own skins and gain tools to manage their day to day lives.
(757) 979-6902 View (757) 979-6902
Photo of Kendra Rascoe, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kendra Rascoe
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Port Republic, VA 24471
My name is Kendra Rascoe, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and graduated from Liberty University with an M.A. in Marriage and Family Therapy. I work with clients in Virginia statewide through telehealth. I work with adults, adolescents, and children. I specialize in anxiety, stress, life transitions, and relationships. I utilize an integrative and person-centered approach using a combination of theories such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing, Family systems, and Solution-focused.
My name is Kendra Rascoe, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and graduated from Liberty University with an M.A. in Marriage and Family Therapy. I work with clients in Virginia statewide through telehealth. I work with adults, adolescents, and children. I specialize in anxiety, stress, life transitions, and relationships. I utilize an integrative and person-centered approach using a combination of theories such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing, Family systems, and Solution-focused.
(757) 866-4970 View (757) 866-4970

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Christina Ford-Shannon, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Christina Ford-Shannon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Grottoes, VA 24441
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Virginia with 16 years of experience working with people navigating a variety of life circumstances. I enjoy 1:1 therapy using various therapeutic techniques such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, narrative therapy, and interpersonal therapy techniques to equip clients with better problem-solving, stress management, and coping skills. I have a passion for working with teenage clients experiencing depression, anxiety, and anger management issues.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Virginia with 16 years of experience working with people navigating a variety of life circumstances. I enjoy 1:1 therapy using various therapeutic techniques such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, narrative therapy, and interpersonal therapy techniques to equip clients with better problem-solving, stress management, and coping skills. I have a passion for working with teenage clients experiencing depression, anxiety, and anger management issues.
(571) 556-8165 View (571) 556-8165
Photo of Marina Read, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Marina Read
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Linville, VA 22834
Mrs. Read is a Licensed Professional Counselor with 10 years of experience working with adults, children, adolescents, and individuals with diverse backgrounds. Marina specializes in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Interpersonal Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, and more. She is also dually credentialed as a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Clinical Substance Abuse Counselor and is able to address mental health and substance use concerns as well. She obtained her degrees from UW-Whitewater and Concordia University.
Mrs. Read is a Licensed Professional Counselor with 10 years of experience working with adults, children, adolescents, and individuals with diverse backgrounds. Marina specializes in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Interpersonal Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, and more. She is also dually credentialed as a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Clinical Substance Abuse Counselor and is able to address mental health and substance use concerns as well. She obtained her degrees from UW-Whitewater and Concordia University.
(757) 919-3936 View (757) 919-3936
Photo of Elizabeth Resto, MA, LPC, Counselor
Elizabeth Resto
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Harrisonburg, VA 22802
Life can be overwhelming and confusing, beyond our external control. Having a safe space to process or begin an intentional healing journey can make life feel more manageable. In my counseling work, I believe our unique life stories, with all their complexities, are important and deserve to be held and heard. Sharing with others is a way to remind us that while our stories are unique, we are not alone in experiencing struggle. There are healing properties in connection with others and in community, something that counseling can help strengthen. I strive to empower my client’s as agents of their own change and growth.
Life can be overwhelming and confusing, beyond our external control. Having a safe space to process or begin an intentional healing journey can make life feel more manageable. In my counseling work, I believe our unique life stories, with all their complexities, are important and deserve to be held and heard. Sharing with others is a way to remind us that while our stories are unique, we are not alone in experiencing struggle. There are healing properties in connection with others and in community, something that counseling can help strengthen. I strive to empower my client’s as agents of their own change and growth.
(540) 425-0769 View (540) 425-0769
Photo of Megan Wills, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Megan Wills
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Elkton, VA 22827
My name is Megan Wills and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LSCW) and certified trauma therapist working with clients statewide via telehealth. I primarily work with young adults and specialize in clients with anxiety, trauma responses, depression, and life transitions. I am certified in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and also use Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, as well as Dialectical Behavioral Therapy to help clients gain specific skills and make tangible progress.
My name is Megan Wills and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LSCW) and certified trauma therapist working with clients statewide via telehealth. I primarily work with young adults and specialize in clients with anxiety, trauma responses, depression, and life transitions. I am certified in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and also use Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, as well as Dialectical Behavioral Therapy to help clients gain specific skills and make tangible progress.
(703) 782-4637 View (703) 782-4637
Photo of Robert Phillips, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Robert Phillips
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Linville, VA 22834
My name is Robert Phillips. I hold an LPC license from the state of Virginia and am a Certified Substance Abuse Professional with CSAC - A certificate. My approach is to build a strong therapeutic relationship, stay focused on the client in the present moment without judgment, help people gain skills and tools for managing complicated situations, and encourage a spirit of openness, curiosity, and acceptance to help individuals understand they can choose to respond rationally and control behaviors
My name is Robert Phillips. I hold an LPC license from the state of Virginia and am a Certified Substance Abuse Professional with CSAC - A certificate. My approach is to build a strong therapeutic relationship, stay focused on the client in the present moment without judgment, help people gain skills and tools for managing complicated situations, and encourage a spirit of openness, curiosity, and acceptance to help individuals understand they can choose to respond rationally and control behaviors
(804) 374-0740 View (804) 374-0740
Photo of Deveney Elizabeth Quinney, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Deveney Elizabeth Quinney
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
Broadway, VA 22815
Not accepting new clients
I enjoy working with a wide variety of individuals and believe that the therapeutic relationship can be a catalyst for an array of life affirming changes. Every individual has the right to find peace, joy and satisfaction in life. Often our inner dialogues, messages we've received from others, as well as traumatic and painful life experiences can interfere with our ability to find peace. In our work together, my goal will be to assist you in reaching whatever it is that you define as the best life for you.
I enjoy working with a wide variety of individuals and believe that the therapeutic relationship can be a catalyst for an array of life affirming changes. Every individual has the right to find peace, joy and satisfaction in life. Often our inner dialogues, messages we've received from others, as well as traumatic and painful life experiences can interfere with our ability to find peace. In our work together, my goal will be to assist you in reaching whatever it is that you define as the best life for you.
(540) 534-0313 View (540) 534-0313
Photo of Karen Herrell, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Karen Herrell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Harrisonburg, VA 22801
I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor who works from a person centered, attachment-based and trauma-informed approach to counseling. I have my Bachelor’s in Psychology from James Madison University and my Master's in Mental Health from Eastern Mennonite University. I have experience working with adolescents and adults from a wide variety of experiences and walks of life. In my clinical practice, I focus on working with clients with anxiety, depression, difficult life transitions, grief, trauma, attachment issues, sexual identity, disordered eating, substance abuse, and low self esteem.
I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor who works from a person centered, attachment-based and trauma-informed approach to counseling. I have my Bachelor’s in Psychology from James Madison University and my Master's in Mental Health from Eastern Mennonite University. I have experience working with adolescents and adults from a wide variety of experiences and walks of life. In my clinical practice, I focus on working with clients with anxiety, depression, difficult life transitions, grief, trauma, attachment issues, sexual identity, disordered eating, substance abuse, and low self esteem.
(540) 215-8243 View (540) 215-8243
Photo of Melissa Futreal, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melissa Futreal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Earlysville, VA 22936
I began helping others in 1990 as a Peer Counselor (Drug Exemption NCO) while on active duty in the Marine Corps. After earning degrees in Psychology and Social Work at UNCW/ECU, I obtained licensure to practice independently with the Virginia Board of Health Professionals in 2004. I am originally from the Hampton Roads area but have worked internationally with people from many different backgrounds. I have continued to support the military, as well as the community at large, for over 3 decades with evidence-based treatments for trauma (PTSD).
I began helping others in 1990 as a Peer Counselor (Drug Exemption NCO) while on active duty in the Marine Corps. After earning degrees in Psychology and Social Work at UNCW/ECU, I obtained licensure to practice independently with the Virginia Board of Health Professionals in 2004. I am originally from the Hampton Roads area but have worked internationally with people from many different backgrounds. I have continued to support the military, as well as the community at large, for over 3 decades with evidence-based treatments for trauma (PTSD).
(571) 506-7969 View (571) 506-7969
Photo of Faith Purdie- Shenandoah Counseling, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Faith Purdie- Shenandoah Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Broadway, VA 22815  (Online Only)
OPEN spots available now. If you are feeling overwhelmed by life and having problems coping or having problems in your relationships and struggling to create the life you want. I am here to educate, support, and offer change. If you are struggling with anxiety and/or depression or are grieving a loss we can work together to manage symptoms and alleviate the heaviness. I would be honored to walk beside you as you brave a new way of being and work towards your goals.
OPEN spots available now. If you are feeling overwhelmed by life and having problems coping or having problems in your relationships and struggling to create the life you want. I am here to educate, support, and offer change. If you are struggling with anxiety and/or depression or are grieving a loss we can work together to manage symptoms and alleviate the heaviness. I would be honored to walk beside you as you brave a new way of being and work towards your goals.
(540) 205-3088 View (540) 205-3088
Photo of Debbie Anderson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Debbie Anderson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fulks Run, VA 22830
Hi! My name is Debbie and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has been practicing in the field for over 13 years. I specialize primarily in the treatment of trauma, depression, and anxiety, but have also helped individuals diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Schizophrenia. I am trained in CBT, DBT, Cognitive Processing Therapy, and EMDR, and have spent the majority of my adult life developing and authenticating my skills to help those in need. I am very passionate about the work I do, and believe that all have the power within them to heal and recover, whatever that might look like.
Hi! My name is Debbie and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has been practicing in the field for over 13 years. I specialize primarily in the treatment of trauma, depression, and anxiety, but have also helped individuals diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Schizophrenia. I am trained in CBT, DBT, Cognitive Processing Therapy, and EMDR, and have spent the majority of my adult life developing and authenticating my skills to help those in need. I am very passionate about the work I do, and believe that all have the power within them to heal and recover, whatever that might look like.
(540) 616-2876 View (540) 616-2876
Photo of Barbara Jerichen, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Barbara Jerichen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Harrisonburg, VA 22801
***Now Accepting NEW CLIENTS*** I am a licensed professional counselor who has a Master's of Science in Professional Counseling from Grand Canyon University and Bachelor's and Master's from James Madison University in teaching. I have served children in the educational setting in the U.S. and the Middle East for over 20 years, through teaching, coaching, and counseling. I was born and raised in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia where I live with husband and son.
***Now Accepting NEW CLIENTS*** I am a licensed professional counselor who has a Master's of Science in Professional Counseling from Grand Canyon University and Bachelor's and Master's from James Madison University in teaching. I have served children in the educational setting in the U.S. and the Middle East for over 20 years, through teaching, coaching, and counseling. I was born and raised in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia where I live with husband and son.
(540) 516-4343 View (540) 516-4343
Photo of Rose Marie Longworth, LPC, MA, CMP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rose Marie Longworth
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA, CMP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bridgewater, VA 22812
My ideal client would be at a place in their life where his/her/they spiritual journey matters to them. Sometimes, but not always, they will have a dream journal and a meditation practice. They pay attention to their dreams in the past couple of years, if not over most of their lifetime. They may have an interest in symbology and the meaning of the symbols that appear in their dreams. They have a meditation practice that is important to them and often will have a daily practice. Being of service to others matter to them and they have a genuine interest in figuring out and in fulfilling their Mission in this life.
My ideal client would be at a place in their life where his/her/they spiritual journey matters to them. Sometimes, but not always, they will have a dream journal and a meditation practice. They pay attention to their dreams in the past couple of years, if not over most of their lifetime. They may have an interest in symbology and the meaning of the symbols that appear in their dreams. They have a meditation practice that is important to them and often will have a daily practice. Being of service to others matter to them and they have a genuine interest in figuring out and in fulfilling their Mission in this life.
(540) 235-5497 View (540) 235-5497
Photo of Cynthia Holshoe, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cynthia Holshoe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Mount Crawford, VA 22841
Hi there, I'm Cynthia, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Virginia. As a clinical social worker with over 30 years of experience, I have provided therapeutic services to all age groups utilizing a range of modalities including motivational interviewing, CBT, EMDR, and prolonged exposure. I specialize in anxiety, depression, and trauma and have extensive work experience with military active duty and their dependents. If you think we may be a good match, please reach out today to get started!
Hi there, I'm Cynthia, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Virginia. As a clinical social worker with over 30 years of experience, I have provided therapeutic services to all age groups utilizing a range of modalities including motivational interviewing, CBT, EMDR, and prolonged exposure. I specialize in anxiety, depression, and trauma and have extensive work experience with military active duty and their dependents. If you think we may be a good match, please reach out today to get started!
(804) 507-5055 View (804) 507-5055
Photo of Sam Swartzendruber, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sam Swartzendruber
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Harrisonburg, VA 22801
Life can be challenging. Whether we’re falling apart, experiencing minor setbacks or even doing relatively well, it can be really helpful to have someone to talk to. I hold a strong conviction that there is no issue too big or small to justify seeing a therapist.
Life can be challenging. Whether we’re falling apart, experiencing minor setbacks or even doing relatively well, it can be really helpful to have someone to talk to. I hold a strong conviction that there is no issue too big or small to justify seeing a therapist.
(540) 215-8930 View (540) 215-8930
Photo of Angel Bryant, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Angel Bryant
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Timberville, VA 22853
Ms. Angel Bryant LPC — strength, base, positive psychology, person center, resolution focus in order to reach sustainable mental health wellness. I believe and Affirm I am truly a representation of the clients I support/advocate with daily. This resilient population consists of LGBTQIA+ individuals with diverse disabilities, women of color, business professionals, and military/veterans. Based on some recent reviews, the therapeutic room I create offers an experience of comfort, support, congruency, and unconditional regard, in a safe and humble atmosphere…
Ms. Angel Bryant LPC — strength, base, positive psychology, person center, resolution focus in order to reach sustainable mental health wellness. I believe and Affirm I am truly a representation of the clients I support/advocate with daily. This resilient population consists of LGBTQIA+ individuals with diverse disabilities, women of color, business professionals, and military/veterans. Based on some recent reviews, the therapeutic room I create offers an experience of comfort, support, congruency, and unconditional regard, in a safe and humble atmosphere…
(540) 418-3852 View (540) 418-3852
Photo of Jessica Clark - Align Integrative Health, RN,  BSN
Align Integrative Health
RN, BSN
Verified Verified
Mount Crawford, VA 22841
Is your mental or physical health holding you back? Would you like to feel empowered to make sustainable lifestyle-based shifts to improve your health? As a nurse health coach, I will help you understand your needs and to create a personalized, holistic plan to meet and maintain your wellness goals. Together, we will identify opportunities, navigate barriers, and establish lifestyle practices to support your body’s innate ability to heal and thrive. I implement evidence-based behavior change approaches, while honoring your intuition and values, integrating additional resources and referrals as needed.
Is your mental or physical health holding you back? Would you like to feel empowered to make sustainable lifestyle-based shifts to improve your health? As a nurse health coach, I will help you understand your needs and to create a personalized, holistic plan to meet and maintain your wellness goals. Together, we will identify opportunities, navigate barriers, and establish lifestyle practices to support your body’s innate ability to heal and thrive. I implement evidence-based behavior change approaches, while honoring your intuition and values, integrating additional resources and referrals as needed.
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Photo of Ellison M. Cale, PhD, Psychologist
Ellison M. Cale
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Harrisonburg, VA 22801
I take time to clearly understand each client's problems, goals, and preferences, and then we work together to develop a treatment plan specific to these needs. Based on my experience, clients need to know that their problems are fully understood. When this occurs, they oftentimes feel that their problems are truly validated. Also, when a treatment plan is geared towards someone's specific needs, this offers hope and motivation for change. Clients have repeatedly given me the feedback that (1) I truly understand their problems and (2) I collaboratively work with them to develop tools for addressing their difficulties.
I take time to clearly understand each client's problems, goals, and preferences, and then we work together to develop a treatment plan specific to these needs. Based on my experience, clients need to know that their problems are fully understood. When this occurs, they oftentimes feel that their problems are truly validated. Also, when a treatment plan is geared towards someone's specific needs, this offers hope and motivation for change. Clients have repeatedly given me the feedback that (1) I truly understand their problems and (2) I collaboratively work with them to develop tools for addressing their difficulties.
(540) 426-0447 View (540) 426-0447
Photo of Denise Hall, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Denise Hall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Dayton, VA 22821
Hello, my name is Denise and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Virginia. I have been in the behavioral health field for over 28 years working with individuals and families. I have experience in many aspects of therapeutic interventions and work in a person-focused and centered approach. I utilize a relaxed, interactive communication style. My work experience spans in several areas including anxiety, depression, grief, relationship issues, and life transitions, and also have a subspecialty in working with individuals and their family members with Autism.
Hello, my name is Denise and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Virginia. I have been in the behavioral health field for over 28 years working with individuals and families. I have experience in many aspects of therapeutic interventions and work in a person-focused and centered approach. I utilize a relaxed, interactive communication style. My work experience spans in several areas including anxiety, depression, grief, relationship issues, and life transitions, and also have a subspecialty in working with individuals and their family members with Autism.
(571) 946-5202 View (571) 946-5202

See more therapy options for Port Republic

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Port Republic, VA

< 10

Therapists in Port Republic, VA who prioritize treating:

100% Coping Skills
50% Depression
50% Anxiety
50% Addiction
50% Trauma and PTSD
50% Other
50% Anger Management

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Port Republic, VA see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Port Republic?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.