Therapists in Orange, VA

Photo of Tabitha Woodson, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Tabitha Woodson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Orange, VA 22960
I am passionate about working with clients who are sick and tired of being stuck! No more going through the motions; it is time to do the hard work to discover what you have inside of you. I do believe that some of the suffering experienced in life oftentimes results from faulty thinking which eventually leads to unwanted emotions and behaviors. Some experiences can wound the soul leaving us feeling powerless and confused. As a fellow veteran, I am uniquely equipped to work with veterans, understanding firsthand the challenges and experiences of the military lifestyle. I served 16 years in the United States Navy!
I am passionate about working with clients who are sick and tired of being stuck! No more going through the motions; it is time to do the hard work to discover what you have inside of you. I do believe that some of the suffering experienced in life oftentimes results from faulty thinking which eventually leads to unwanted emotions and behaviors. Some experiences can wound the soul leaving us feeling powerless and confused. As a fellow veteran, I am uniquely equipped to work with veterans, understanding firsthand the challenges and experiences of the military lifestyle. I served 16 years in the United States Navy!
(540) 503-4065 View (540) 503-4065
Photo of Barbara Ann Gaddy - Monarch Journey Counseling Services LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, COSTP, RPT-S, CSAC, ACS
Monarch Journey Counseling Services LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, COSTP, RPT-S, CSAC, ACS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Orange, VA 22960
Monarch Journey Counseling LLC is located at 146 Byrd Street Orange, Va. Hours are by appointment. We look forward to meeting you!
Monarch Journey Counseling LLC is located at 146 Byrd Street Orange, Va. Hours are by appointment. We look forward to meeting you!
(540) 360-1739 View (540) 360-1739
Photo of Matthew Hilley - Applied Behavior Analysts, PLLC, MEd, BCBA, LBA
Applied Behavior Analysts, PLLC
MEd, BCBA, LBA
Verified Verified
Serves Area
If you're a parent struggling with your child's behavioral issues, call us; there is no official diagnosis necessary for us to work with you. We utilize only evidence-based practices that been rigorously tested and proven to work to promote positive behavior change and increased social communication skills. We offer parent training/coaching services to empower and educate parents on effective strategies for managing challenging behaviors and promoting skill development in all children.
If you're a parent struggling with your child's behavioral issues, call us; there is no official diagnosis necessary for us to work with you. We utilize only evidence-based practices that been rigorously tested and proven to work to promote positive behavior change and increased social communication skills. We offer parent training/coaching services to empower and educate parents on effective strategies for managing challenging behaviors and promoting skill development in all children.
(540) 729-8940 View (540) 729-8940
Photo of Tabitha Taylor, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Tabitha Taylor
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
At Roots to Petals Wellness, I work with individuals who are healing from challenges related to trauma, anxiety, depression, sexual disorders, and LGBTQ-related concerns. I also focus on the first responder population, corrections personnel, and returning citizens who experience unique stresses. Additionally, I concentrate on people of color and minority populations who may feel unseen in mainstream mental health services.
At Roots to Petals Wellness, I work with individuals who are healing from challenges related to trauma, anxiety, depression, sexual disorders, and LGBTQ-related concerns. I also focus on the first responder population, corrections personnel, and returning citizens who experience unique stresses. Additionally, I concentrate on people of color and minority populations who may feel unseen in mainstream mental health services.
(804) 445-8138 View (804) 445-8138
Photo of Jessica Lane, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, RIC
Jessica Lane
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, RIC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My name is Jessica, and I am a Resident in Counseling with Ivy Road Center for Psychotherapy and Mediation. I have a diverse background of working with a range of Clients, including adults, persons in college, adolescents/children, and couples. I can offer skills and support with anxiety/depression, guide college students through academic and personal stressors, or assist children in processing their emotions and experiences through play-therapy.
My name is Jessica, and I am a Resident in Counseling with Ivy Road Center for Psychotherapy and Mediation. I have a diverse background of working with a range of Clients, including adults, persons in college, adolescents/children, and couples. I can offer skills and support with anxiety/depression, guide college students through academic and personal stressors, or assist children in processing their emotions and experiences through play-therapy.
(434) 510-8663 View (434) 510-8663
Photo of Rachel Doane, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Rachel Doane
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Serves Area
We would probably all like to be living our best life but many of us can’t quite figure out how to make that happen. Maybe we find ourselves stuck in unhealthy patterns of communicating and we don't know how to change. We might have personal goals we are trying to reach but just can seem to make them happen. Perhaps we have trauma that we need to resolve that has left an impact on our day-to-day functioning. Maybe we are looking for connection with others but continue feeling disconnected and unfulfilled by our personal relationships. It is possible to experience satisfaction and fulfillment in our daily lives.
We would probably all like to be living our best life but many of us can’t quite figure out how to make that happen. Maybe we find ourselves stuck in unhealthy patterns of communicating and we don't know how to change. We might have personal goals we are trying to reach but just can seem to make them happen. Perhaps we have trauma that we need to resolve that has left an impact on our day-to-day functioning. Maybe we are looking for connection with others but continue feeling disconnected and unfulfilled by our personal relationships. It is possible to experience satisfaction and fulfillment in our daily lives.
(540) 792-4022 View (540) 792-4022
Photo of Chantal Racheau-Bryant; Life In Focus Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Chantal Racheau-Bryant; Life In Focus Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Sometimes we become overwhelmed by life and need to reach out to another for help, this takes bravery, and it’s important that you feel the person you reach out to is unbiased, safe with your privacy, is knowledgeable, and truly hears where you are. Over the last 15 years Chantal Racheau-Bryant, LPC has worked extensively with adults in crisis helping to guide them through darker moments of their lives until they are able to see the road ahead more clearly. Each person has their own unique journey and Chantal works to find a holistic approach to therapy that best fits your style and helps you on your journey.
Sometimes we become overwhelmed by life and need to reach out to another for help, this takes bravery, and it’s important that you feel the person you reach out to is unbiased, safe with your privacy, is knowledgeable, and truly hears where you are. Over the last 15 years Chantal Racheau-Bryant, LPC has worked extensively with adults in crisis helping to guide them through darker moments of their lives until they are able to see the road ahead more clearly. Each person has their own unique journey and Chantal works to find a holistic approach to therapy that best fits your style and helps you on your journey.
(540) 253-1473 View (540) 253-1473
Photo of Sarah McClelland - Counseling Services of Virginia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LPC, OT, CALT
Counseling Services of Virginia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LPC, OT, CALT
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Have your negative thoughts taken over? Have you been feeling sad or stressed while trying to keep it all together? Struggling with motivation? Are your relationships distant or full of conflict? Have you been feeling disconnected from those around you? Wanting to talk with someone but not knowing with whom, or how? Asking for help can be hard! Seeking therapy requires a great deal of strength and commitment and you have taken a great first step. We are going to guide you the rest of the way.
Have your negative thoughts taken over? Have you been feeling sad or stressed while trying to keep it all together? Struggling with motivation? Are your relationships distant or full of conflict? Have you been feeling disconnected from those around you? Wanting to talk with someone but not knowing with whom, or how? Asking for help can be hard! Seeking therapy requires a great deal of strength and commitment and you have taken a great first step. We are going to guide you the rest of the way.
(540) 699-1767 View (540) 699-1767
Photo of Anne C Luckinbill - Seasons Counseling, PLLC , Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Seasons Counseling, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Greetings! I am Anne Luckinbill, LPC. Seasons Counseling has a team of caring therapists who are skilled at assessing and diagnosing mental health concerns based on current struggles and your historical information. Your concerns about behavior, emotion, personality, and relationships will be treated using Emotionally Focused Therapy, CBT, and other therapeutic approaches. Trauma concerns will be addressed with an understanding that trauma impacts daily function and interactions. Likewise, early relationships and attachment patterns impact our current relationships. We serve children, adolescents, adults, families, and couples.
Greetings! I am Anne Luckinbill, LPC. Seasons Counseling has a team of caring therapists who are skilled at assessing and diagnosing mental health concerns based on current struggles and your historical information. Your concerns about behavior, emotion, personality, and relationships will be treated using Emotionally Focused Therapy, CBT, and other therapeutic approaches. Trauma concerns will be addressed with an understanding that trauma impacts daily function and interactions. Likewise, early relationships and attachment patterns impact our current relationships. We serve children, adolescents, adults, families, and couples.
(540) 274-1010 View (540) 274-1010
Photo of Brittany Jenkins - Brittany M Jenkins, LPC, PLCC, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Brittany M Jenkins, LPC, PLCC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I encourage clients to take the lead on what they would like to discuss in therapy. I love working with juniors-seniors in high school as they are navigating their next steps as well as college students who need a listening ear. I also love working with adult women as they navigate their own mental health concerns as well as problems in their relationship, work, family, friendships etc. I have recently developed an interest in the last year of working with prenatal, postnatal and perinatal women after the birth of my daughter years ago. I know how difficult this process is and empathize with how long it takes to feel "normal" again.
I encourage clients to take the lead on what they would like to discuss in therapy. I love working with juniors-seniors in high school as they are navigating their next steps as well as college students who need a listening ear. I also love working with adult women as they navigate their own mental health concerns as well as problems in their relationship, work, family, friendships etc. I have recently developed an interest in the last year of working with prenatal, postnatal and perinatal women after the birth of my daughter years ago. I know how difficult this process is and empathize with how long it takes to feel "normal" again.
(540) 253-1592 View (540) 253-1592
Photo of Charlotte A. Schafer, Licensed Professional Counselor, BS, MA
Charlotte A. Schafer
Licensed Professional Counselor, BS, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you wish you knew better coping strategies for managing ADHD, anxiety, or depression? Are you feeling under the control of others and don’t know how to break free? Are you experiencing guilt, or sadness that doesn't go away? As a professional counselor I can help you find your way back to a more joyful, healthy life. As a caring professional I can teach you techniques that make these distresses lesson or even leave, and help you regain a more balanced perspective over your emotional issues. Are you looking for empowerment over emotional habiting? As a balanced Christian counselor I have answers, I would love to help you.
Do you wish you knew better coping strategies for managing ADHD, anxiety, or depression? Are you feeling under the control of others and don’t know how to break free? Are you experiencing guilt, or sadness that doesn't go away? As a professional counselor I can help you find your way back to a more joyful, healthy life. As a caring professional I can teach you techniques that make these distresses lesson or even leave, and help you regain a more balanced perspective over your emotional issues. Are you looking for empowerment over emotional habiting? As a balanced Christian counselor I have answers, I would love to help you.
(434) 595-3062 View (434) 595-3062
Photo of Tara Elizabeth Higgins - Horse and Soul Counseling , Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Horse and Soul Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
We believe it takes small steps to work towards improving your quality of life. We specialize in working with children, adolescents, teens, adults, and families. We are an advocate for family counseling and often find this essential when completing goals towards a positive mental health. We believe counseling is short-term where your family relationships are forever. We offer traditional talk therapy services and animal assisted counseling services. Most of our participants enjoy integrating the horses into counseling sessions while others prefer the comfort of our office on site.
We believe it takes small steps to work towards improving your quality of life. We specialize in working with children, adolescents, teens, adults, and families. We are an advocate for family counseling and often find this essential when completing goals towards a positive mental health. We believe counseling is short-term where your family relationships are forever. We offer traditional talk therapy services and animal assisted counseling services. Most of our participants enjoy integrating the horses into counseling sessions while others prefer the comfort of our office on site.
(540) 212-6176 View (540) 212-6176

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Karen Haley Cersley, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MBA, MA, FMCHC
Karen Haley Cersley
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MBA, MA, FMCHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Troy, VA 22974
Waitlist for new clients
Are you looking for more fulfillment in life, more happiness, and more tools for self-discovery, relationship-building, and problem-solving? Through our collaboration, we will identify and set specific goals and then work together to make meaningful changes. Through a positive psychology approach, we will partner together to help you maintain physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual health & well-being. If you are willing to invest yourself in the process, I'll walk beside you on your journey to reach your goals, dreams, & find purpose while you learn more effectively how to deal with situations in your life. How can I serve you?
Are you looking for more fulfillment in life, more happiness, and more tools for self-discovery, relationship-building, and problem-solving? Through our collaboration, we will identify and set specific goals and then work together to make meaningful changes. Through a positive psychology approach, we will partner together to help you maintain physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual health & well-being. If you are willing to invest yourself in the process, I'll walk beside you on your journey to reach your goals, dreams, & find purpose while you learn more effectively how to deal with situations in your life. How can I serve you?
(434) 473-7243 View (434) 473-7243
Photo of Chalita Thomas, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Chalita Thomas
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hi, I am Chalita. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 15 years of experience in the field and providing mental health clinical services for a variety of settings including home-based services, community-based services, school settings, correctional, and residential group homes. I have worked with children, adolescents and adults.
Hi, I am Chalita. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 15 years of experience in the field and providing mental health clinical services for a variety of settings including home-based services, community-based services, school settings, correctional, and residential group homes. I have worked with children, adolescents and adults.
(540) 405-6506 View (540) 405-6506
Photo of Wendy Carannante, School Psychologist, MS, EdS, NCSP, RPT
Wendy Carannante
School Psychologist, MS, EdS, NCSP, RPT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Locust Grove, VA 22508
For children and adolescents in need of additional support, I provide play therapy or counseling and parent consultations. Counseling helps children believe in themselves and find their inner strengths as well as build healthy thinking patterns, coping skills, and healthy behavioral habits.
For children and adolescents in need of additional support, I provide play therapy or counseling and parent consultations. Counseling helps children believe in themselves and find their inner strengths as well as build healthy thinking patterns, coping skills, and healthy behavioral habits.
(540) 592-4364 View (540) 592-4364
Photo of Devin Byam, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Devin Byam
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Palmyra, VA 22963
I am passionate about working with individuals, couples and families in order to create healthy and sustainable thoughts, feelings, and patterns of behavior that empower them to be their best selves. My ideal client is someone who is motivated to change and recognizes that, even in life's hard times, you can still make positive changes that will empower you to move forward.
I am passionate about working with individuals, couples and families in order to create healthy and sustainable thoughts, feelings, and patterns of behavior that empower them to be their best selves. My ideal client is someone who is motivated to change and recognizes that, even in life's hard times, you can still make positive changes that will empower you to move forward.
(434) 277-2061 View (434) 277-2061
Photo of Jessica Campos, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jessica Campos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Palmyra, VA 22963
I have worked in the field as a mental health provider for at-risk and vulnerable populations since 2006. I am certified in Trauma and Resilience and also have a minor in special education.
I have worked in the field as a mental health provider for at-risk and vulnerable populations since 2006. I am certified in Trauma and Resilience and also have a minor in special education.
(434) 331-1023 View (434) 331-1023
Photo of Christine I Graham, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Christine I Graham
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Locust Grove, VA 22508
Counseling offers an opportunity to achieve greater balance and wellness in all areas of life. You need a safe place to explore and process your unique feelings and set of circumstances as well as work toward improved coping and increased support. I can help you manage stress, anxiety, depression and life transitions. I will walk alongside you through difficult seasons of life by providing a relational, non-judgmental and, if you desire, faith-based approach to counseling. It's my goal to help you achieve balance, feel calmer, and move forward in your healing journey.
Counseling offers an opportunity to achieve greater balance and wellness in all areas of life. You need a safe place to explore and process your unique feelings and set of circumstances as well as work toward improved coping and increased support. I can help you manage stress, anxiety, depression and life transitions. I will walk alongside you through difficult seasons of life by providing a relational, non-judgmental and, if you desire, faith-based approach to counseling. It's my goal to help you achieve balance, feel calmer, and move forward in your healing journey.
(540) 516-3537 View (540) 516-3537
Photo of Kim B Dew, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Kim B Dew
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Charlottesville, VA 22901
Waitlist for new clients
Life can be challenging, overwhelming and confusing at times, no matter who you are. I work to help clients and their families define these emotions, recognize the control they have and build their strengths to shape new, healthy coping skills. I specialize in working with anxiety and mood disorders and have worked extensively during the past 25 years with families, individuals and couples to help them find answers that are right for them. Additionally, I have experience working with individuals who have suffered PTSD or trauma, using a cognitive-behavioral approach with proven mind/body techniques.
Life can be challenging, overwhelming and confusing at times, no matter who you are. I work to help clients and their families define these emotions, recognize the control they have and build their strengths to shape new, healthy coping skills. I specialize in working with anxiety and mood disorders and have worked extensively during the past 25 years with families, individuals and couples to help them find answers that are right for them. Additionally, I have experience working with individuals who have suffered PTSD or trauma, using a cognitive-behavioral approach with proven mind/body techniques.
(540) 318-1652 View (540) 318-1652
Photo of Hannah Pocock, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Hannah Pocock
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Charlottesville, VA 22911
I offer individual therapy for adults and adolescents, and specialize in working with women and teens dealing with the impact of sexual assault, childhood abuse, or other trauma. Other areas of clinical interest include relationship issues, life transitions, anxiety, and identity questions. I believe therapy is a collaborative process that allows us to be deeply seen and heard, and to see ourselves in new and transformative ways. It can build self-esteem and strengthen our sense of who we are and how we fit into the world. As we understand ourselves more fully, relationships with others become richer and more fulfilling. Therapy can strengthen our ability to adapt and adjust to the changing circumstances of our lives, freeing us up to respond more flexibly to the world around us and to experience a more enlivened way of being. For trauma survivors who experience overwhelming waves of shame and fear, a lurking sense of unease, or confusing physical sensations, therapy can help calm the mind and the nervous system, allowing you to move from reliving the past to feeling grounded, present, and whole in mind and body.
I offer individual therapy for adults and adolescents, and specialize in working with women and teens dealing with the impact of sexual assault, childhood abuse, or other trauma. Other areas of clinical interest include relationship issues, life transitions, anxiety, and identity questions. I believe therapy is a collaborative process that allows us to be deeply seen and heard, and to see ourselves in new and transformative ways. It can build self-esteem and strengthen our sense of who we are and how we fit into the world. As we understand ourselves more fully, relationships with others become richer and more fulfilling. Therapy can strengthen our ability to adapt and adjust to the changing circumstances of our lives, freeing us up to respond more flexibly to the world around us and to experience a more enlivened way of being. For trauma survivors who experience overwhelming waves of shame and fear, a lurking sense of unease, or confusing physical sensations, therapy can help calm the mind and the nervous system, allowing you to move from reliving the past to feeling grounded, present, and whole in mind and body.
(434) 248-3836 View (434) 248-3836

See more therapy options for Orange

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Orange, VA

10+

Average cost per session

$115

Therapists in Orange, VA who prioritize treating:

83% Depression
83% Anxiety
75% Relationship Issues
75% Trauma and PTSD
67% Self Esteem
67% Stress
58% Grief

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% Cigna and Evernorth
88% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
75% Anthem

How Therapists in Orange, VA see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

91% Female
9% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Orange?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.