Therapists in Midlothian, VA

Photo of Pamela Rich, MS
Pamela Rich
MS
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23114  (Online Only)
Please call and leave a voice-mail. When you call through psychology today it does not provide me with a call back number.
Please call and leave a voice-mail. When you call through psychology today it does not provide me with a call back number.
(804) 258-6921 View (804) 258-6921
Photo of Karen Y Clark-Lowman, NCC, LCPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Karen Y Clark-Lowman
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, LCPC
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23112
Karen is a Licensed Professional Counselor & a National Certified Counselor with over 25 years of experience in behavioral health & addictions. She gained her Maters in Community Mental Health Counseling in 1997 from Wilmington University, in DE. Karen is licensed in VA, DE & MD. She holds a tremendous amount of experience with mental health, addictions, & is a certified trauma therapist. Karen strongly promotes integrated health services to better enhance health & wellbeing. Karen strongly believes in a holistic approach. She encompasses all components of your life & assists you with envisioning how all issues are interrelated.
Karen is a Licensed Professional Counselor & a National Certified Counselor with over 25 years of experience in behavioral health & addictions. She gained her Maters in Community Mental Health Counseling in 1997 from Wilmington University, in DE. Karen is licensed in VA, DE & MD. She holds a tremendous amount of experience with mental health, addictions, & is a certified trauma therapist. Karen strongly promotes integrated health services to better enhance health & wellbeing. Karen strongly believes in a holistic approach. She encompasses all components of your life & assists you with envisioning how all issues are interrelated.
(804) 657-4997 View (804) 657-4997
Photo of Alicia Funes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alicia Funes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23112  (Online Only)
My name is Alicia Funes, and I am a bilingual, licensed Clinical Social Worker in Virginia with eighteen years of experience in the mental health field. I fulfilled a Bachelor of Social Work Degree from New Mexico State University and a Master's Degree in Clinical Social Work from Virginia Commonwealth University. My professional career entails treating clients in private practice, hospitals, schools, residential treatment centers, and home-based counseling.
My name is Alicia Funes, and I am a bilingual, licensed Clinical Social Worker in Virginia with eighteen years of experience in the mental health field. I fulfilled a Bachelor of Social Work Degree from New Mexico State University and a Master's Degree in Clinical Social Work from Virginia Commonwealth University. My professional career entails treating clients in private practice, hospitals, schools, residential treatment centers, and home-based counseling.
(804) 391-0713 View (804) 391-0713
Photo of Audrice Johnson, LPC, LSATP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Audrice Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LSATP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23112  (Online Only)
Are you stressed? Are you feeling overwhelmed? Do you desire change in your life? If you desire to take better control of your mental health and wellness and no longer allow them to slow you down, you are in the right place. Life's struggles can be overwhelming and challenging. Allow me to help you sort through those challenges and create a better life. During our work, we will begin services where you are to assist you with identifying healthy solutions to your problems.
Are you stressed? Are you feeling overwhelmed? Do you desire change in your life? If you desire to take better control of your mental health and wellness and no longer allow them to slow you down, you are in the right place. Life's struggles can be overwhelming and challenging. Allow me to help you sort through those challenges and create a better life. During our work, we will begin services where you are to assist you with identifying healthy solutions to your problems.
(804) 251-2851 View (804) 251-2851
Photo of Jennifer J. Mixson, LPC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer J. Mixson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LPC
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23113
Jennifer Mixson is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia providing outpatient mental health counseling to adolescents and adults between the ages of 14 and 70 years. Her counseling style is an integrated approach, with features of Person-Centered, Cognitive-Behavioral, insight-based Psychodynamic, and Reality therapies. She has over 20 years of experience working in the Behavioral Health field with a diverse population, including children, adolescents, and adults dealing with depression, anxiety, relational, and psychotic issues.
Jennifer Mixson is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia providing outpatient mental health counseling to adolescents and adults between the ages of 14 and 70 years. Her counseling style is an integrated approach, with features of Person-Centered, Cognitive-Behavioral, insight-based Psychodynamic, and Reality therapies. She has over 20 years of experience working in the Behavioral Health field with a diverse population, including children, adolescents, and adults dealing with depression, anxiety, relational, and psychotic issues.
(804) 494-7758 View (804) 494-7758
Photo of Lynnay Lewis, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lynnay Lewis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23112  (Online Only)
Hello My name is Lynnay Lewis. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Virginia. I obtained my Masters Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from South University in Glen Allen, VA. I have over 20 years of experience working in the counseling field with children, adolescents, and adults. I focus on each patient as a ‘whole person,’ with the understanding that everyone’s psychological well-being is influenced by a matrix of factors that could be limiting their ability to explore life’s infinite possibilities.
Hello My name is Lynnay Lewis. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Virginia. I obtained my Masters Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from South University in Glen Allen, VA. I have over 20 years of experience working in the counseling field with children, adolescents, and adults. I focus on each patient as a ‘whole person,’ with the understanding that everyone’s psychological well-being is influenced by a matrix of factors that could be limiting their ability to explore life’s infinite possibilities.
(804) 392-1121 View (804) 392-1121
Photo of Sarah Dix, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sarah Dix
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23112
Sarah Dix is a Licensed Professional Counselor in the State of Virginia. She received her BS from Virginia Commonwealth University in 2013. She then received her MS in Rehabilitation and Mental Health Counseling from the School of Allied Health at Virginia Commonwealth University in 2017. Sarah completed required clinical hours for Virginia licensure in 2021 and has been licensed since November 2021. Sarah has worked as a community-based counselor and clinical supervisor for the past two years.
Sarah Dix is a Licensed Professional Counselor in the State of Virginia. She received her BS from Virginia Commonwealth University in 2013. She then received her MS in Rehabilitation and Mental Health Counseling from the School of Allied Health at Virginia Commonwealth University in 2017. Sarah completed required clinical hours for Virginia licensure in 2021 and has been licensed since November 2021. Sarah has worked as a community-based counselor and clinical supervisor for the past two years.
(804) 999-6010 View (804) 999-6010
Photo of Deborah Parker, Pre-Licensed Professional
Deborah Parker
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23114
Debbie Parker is a Resident in Counseling with over 20 years of experience. She has a passion for working with families and children experiencing the effects of trauma. Debbie's specialties include PTSD, relationship building, anger management in adolescents, and more.
Debbie Parker is a Resident in Counseling with over 20 years of experience. She has a passion for working with families and children experiencing the effects of trauma. Debbie's specialties include PTSD, relationship building, anger management in adolescents, and more.
(804) 395-6958 View (804) 395-6958
Photo of Melanie Stephenson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melanie Stephenson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23112
I provide empathetic support to help guide you towards the path of positive change and healing. Whether you are coping with a life transition, chronic physical or mental health issues, or family conflict, I will work with you to promote growth in your life. I have 15 years of clinical experience, the majority of which has been providing therapeutic counseling to persons coping with chronic mental health conditions.
I provide empathetic support to help guide you towards the path of positive change and healing. Whether you are coping with a life transition, chronic physical or mental health issues, or family conflict, I will work with you to promote growth in your life. I have 15 years of clinical experience, the majority of which has been providing therapeutic counseling to persons coping with chronic mental health conditions.
(804) 375-4304 View (804) 375-4304
Photo of Gwendolyn Thornton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Gwendolyn Thornton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23112  (Online Only)
Gwendolyn (Gwen) Thornton, PhD LCSW is a retired Associate Professor and Chair of the Social Work Department at Virginia State University. For more than 35 years, Dr. Thornton’s remarkable teaching, scholarship, and service involvement has been extensive locally, regionally and internationally. Program and curriculum development for the University and the Department of Social Work is a hallmark of Dr. Thornton’s leadership. She brought to her position an exceptional ability to provide the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to develop and implement programs that are now among the leading academic programs at Virginia State Unive
Gwendolyn (Gwen) Thornton, PhD LCSW is a retired Associate Professor and Chair of the Social Work Department at Virginia State University. For more than 35 years, Dr. Thornton’s remarkable teaching, scholarship, and service involvement has been extensive locally, regionally and internationally. Program and curriculum development for the University and the Department of Social Work is a hallmark of Dr. Thornton’s leadership. She brought to her position an exceptional ability to provide the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to develop and implement programs that are now among the leading academic programs at Virginia State Unive
(804) 391-0917 View (804) 391-0917
Photo of Nichole A Phillips, MS, MDiv, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nichole A Phillips
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, MDiv, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23114  (Online Only)
Feeling stuck? Sad? Angry?Confused? Alone? Tired of being tired? Need someone to hear YOU for a change? Whether it is struggling with depression, anxiety, childhood trauma or just learning how to manage the mental and emotional stress of daily life I focus on helping persons learn how to heal the "whole soul". I specialize in persons who are living through depression/anxiety, grief/loss and also those who feel "stuck" by a traumatic event (sexual abuse, major death, etc) from their past. If you are looking for a relatable, knowledgeable, culturally sensitive provider youve come to the right place. All are welcome to heal here
Feeling stuck? Sad? Angry?Confused? Alone? Tired of being tired? Need someone to hear YOU for a change? Whether it is struggling with depression, anxiety, childhood trauma or just learning how to manage the mental and emotional stress of daily life I focus on helping persons learn how to heal the "whole soul". I specialize in persons who are living through depression/anxiety, grief/loss and also those who feel "stuck" by a traumatic event (sexual abuse, major death, etc) from their past. If you are looking for a relatable, knowledgeable, culturally sensitive provider youve come to the right place. All are welcome to heal here
(804) 531-6296 View (804) 531-6296
Photo of Edwin Lucas, Licensed Professional Counselor
Edwin Lucas
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23112  (Online Only)
Ed has been a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Virginia since 1991 and has over 40 years experience in the mental health field. He believes in the intrinsic worth and value of every individual and that treatment should be approached from the perspective of addressing the whole person (i.e. mind, body, and spirit) in an effective and non-judgmental manner. Ed earned his Bachelor's degree in Psychology from Southwestern University and his Master's degree in Counseling Psychology from Texas A&M at
Ed has been a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Virginia since 1991 and has over 40 years experience in the mental health field. He believes in the intrinsic worth and value of every individual and that treatment should be approached from the perspective of addressing the whole person (i.e. mind, body, and spirit) in an effective and non-judgmental manner. Ed earned his Bachelor's degree in Psychology from Southwestern University and his Master's degree in Counseling Psychology from Texas A&M at
(804) 392-1064 View (804) 392-1064
Photo of Jennifer V Ralsten, MA, LCSW, RPT-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer V Ralsten
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW, RPT-S
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23112
Not accepting new clients
Therapy is meant for when you realize you are no longer where you were, not yet where you want to be, but ready to get on your way. As a therapist, I focus on building a sincere relationship, where within that space you can safely explore your fears, sorrows, anger, and aspirations. I will provide unconditional support as you discover your authentic self, build resilience to life’s stressors, strengthen your relationships, and reconnect to a sense of purpose as you move forward.
Therapy is meant for when you realize you are no longer where you were, not yet where you want to be, but ready to get on your way. As a therapist, I focus on building a sincere relationship, where within that space you can safely explore your fears, sorrows, anger, and aspirations. I will provide unconditional support as you discover your authentic self, build resilience to life’s stressors, strengthen your relationships, and reconnect to a sense of purpose as you move forward.
(804) 463-6238 View (804) 463-6238
Photo of Valerie Mohrman, LCSW, EMDR, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Valerie Mohrman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23112
Valerie is a trained EMDR specialist and has experience working with adults, as well as youth, who struggle with depression, anxiety, OCD and self-esteem issues. Working with women who have experienced family loss or infidelity is her specialty. She provides couples counseling, utilizing Emotional Focused Therapy along with Gottman Methods. Her focus is is with clients who have experienced traumatic experiences, loss and grief. Valerie enjoys working with individuals or families who struggle with adoption issues.
Valerie is a trained EMDR specialist and has experience working with adults, as well as youth, who struggle with depression, anxiety, OCD and self-esteem issues. Working with women who have experienced family loss or infidelity is her specialty. She provides couples counseling, utilizing Emotional Focused Therapy along with Gottman Methods. Her focus is is with clients who have experienced traumatic experiences, loss and grief. Valerie enjoys working with individuals or families who struggle with adoption issues.
(804) 294-4143 View (804) 294-4143
Photo of Alexandra Coletta, PsyD, LCP, Psychologist
Alexandra Coletta
Psychologist, PsyD, LCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23114
Life tends to throw us curve balls. With all of our energy spent juggling obligations, responsibilities, and managing daily stresses, it's easy to wake up one day and realize that you just feel "stuck." Making the decision to begin therapy can be difficult, but it's the first step towards regaining control of your life. Whether you are feeling overwhelmed, experiencing relationship difficulties, or just want a different perspective on whatever is holding you back, I'm here to help you navigate and overcome these challenges. Every person's situation is unique. I do not treat the therapeutic process as "one-size-fits all."
Life tends to throw us curve balls. With all of our energy spent juggling obligations, responsibilities, and managing daily stresses, it's easy to wake up one day and realize that you just feel "stuck." Making the decision to begin therapy can be difficult, but it's the first step towards regaining control of your life. Whether you are feeling overwhelmed, experiencing relationship difficulties, or just want a different perspective on whatever is holding you back, I'm here to help you navigate and overcome these challenges. Every person's situation is unique. I do not treat the therapeutic process as "one-size-fits all."
(804) 704-8606 View (804) 704-8606
Photo of Daniel Arnold, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Daniel Arnold
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23112  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and I have experience working with clients with many different challenges. I have worked in a variety of settings from state and federal agencies, prisons, and private agencies. Being a military veteran and retired federal law enforcement officer, I feel my life path has been a voyage of discovery and I look forward to helping others find their own path in this world. I currently offer tele-therapy in Virginia, Vermont and Maine.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and I have experience working with clients with many different challenges. I have worked in a variety of settings from state and federal agencies, prisons, and private agencies. Being a military veteran and retired federal law enforcement officer, I feel my life path has been a voyage of discovery and I look forward to helping others find their own path in this world. I currently offer tele-therapy in Virginia, Vermont and Maine.
(804) 587-8992 View (804) 587-8992
Photo of Dr. Peter V Nguyen - Odyssey Counseling LLC, PhD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Odyssey Counseling LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23113  (Online Only)
I have been in the helping field for over 30 years. I have experience in clinical practice as well as being a university professor. My belief is that life is not a straight line nor sequential. However, with the right support, you can find solutions and contentment. I will facilitate and empower you on your journey. While I firmly believe in discussing the origin of the issues, I am also practical and do believe in solutions. As such, together we implement tools while continuing to explore the issues deeper. Finally, the "fit" between the therapist and client is clinically crucial. I am happy to meet for a consultation.
I have been in the helping field for over 30 years. I have experience in clinical practice as well as being a university professor. My belief is that life is not a straight line nor sequential. However, with the right support, you can find solutions and contentment. I will facilitate and empower you on your journey. While I firmly believe in discussing the origin of the issues, I am also practical and do believe in solutions. As such, together we implement tools while continuing to explore the issues deeper. Finally, the "fit" between the therapist and client is clinically crucial. I am happy to meet for a consultation.
(804) 635-3933 View (804) 635-3933
Photo of April Dunkum Fox, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
April Dunkum Fox
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23114
April Dunkum Fox is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who has 27 years of experience in the mental health field. April sees children, adolescents, and adults for individual therapy and also provides family therapy. She works with clients who have experienced trauma and who struggle with anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anger, family conflict, and issues related to adoption. April has a passion for helping people heal, seeing families grow together, and seeing relationships improve.
April Dunkum Fox is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who has 27 years of experience in the mental health field. April sees children, adolescents, and adults for individual therapy and also provides family therapy. She works with clients who have experienced trauma and who struggle with anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anger, family conflict, and issues related to adoption. April has a passion for helping people heal, seeing families grow together, and seeing relationships improve.
(804) 408-4932 View (804) 408-4932
Photo of Jorden Anne Elliott, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jorden Anne Elliott
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23114
Have you ever found yourself second guessing every decision you make or feeling as if your life is spinning out of control? Starting your journey of healing can be scary, and I understand that. Whether you are feeling stagnant in your current circumstances or are experiencing fear, depression, anxiety, or traumatic experiences, remember hope was left in Pandora's box for us to hold tightly and to foster resiliency. I am a licensed professional counselor am I am here to walk with you through your journey of healing while you rediscover your hope while building resiliency. My practice is strengths based.
Have you ever found yourself second guessing every decision you make or feeling as if your life is spinning out of control? Starting your journey of healing can be scary, and I understand that. Whether you are feeling stagnant in your current circumstances or are experiencing fear, depression, anxiety, or traumatic experiences, remember hope was left in Pandora's box for us to hold tightly and to foster resiliency. I am a licensed professional counselor am I am here to walk with you through your journey of healing while you rediscover your hope while building resiliency. My practice is strengths based.
(804) 375-5870 View (804) 375-5870
Photo of Will Datta, LCSW, C-SOTP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Will Datta
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, C-SOTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23112
If you find it hard to talk or even think about the past, if you find yourself in unhealthy cycles or often ask yourself “Why am I continuing to have this problem?”, if you find yourself becoming overwhelmed easier than you have in the past, if you are experiencing a difficult time through life changes, or if you just need someone to listen, then I am here.
If you find it hard to talk or even think about the past, if you find yourself in unhealthy cycles or often ask yourself “Why am I continuing to have this problem?”, if you find yourself becoming overwhelmed easier than you have in the past, if you are experiencing a difficult time through life changes, or if you just need someone to listen, then I am here.
(804) 315-3627 x2 View (804) 315-3627 x2
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Midlothian, VA

300+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Midlothian, VA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
90% Depression
72% Trauma and PTSD
71% Stress
64% Coping Skills
64% Self Esteem
63% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Cigna and Evernorth
82% Aetna
79% Elevance

How Therapists in Midlothian, VA see their clients

61% In Person and Online
39% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Midlothian?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.