Therapists in McLean, VA

Photo of Malahat Baig-Amin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, MSci, LCSW, LICSW, LCSW-C
Malahat Baig-Amin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, MSci, LCSW, LICSW, LCSW-C
McLean, VA 22101
I ascribe to an integrative approach based on a strengths model of treatment. I aim to assist clients in overcoming challenges they may face by helping them identify and access personal strengths. I have been trained in psycho-dynamic, interpersonal, family systems, empowerment, cognitive and behavioral therapies. I utilize an approach that best addresses the concerns/issues you may have.
I ascribe to an integrative approach based on a strengths model of treatment. I aim to assist clients in overcoming challenges they may face by helping them identify and access personal strengths. I have been trained in psycho-dynamic, interpersonal, family systems, empowerment, cognitive and behavioral therapies. I utilize an approach that best addresses the concerns/issues you may have.
(202) 568-8417 View (202) 568-8417
Photo of Lisa Locke, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Lisa Locke
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
McLean, VA 22101
I work with individuals, families and couples to improve their life situation and address the problems they are facing in a positive and compassionate manner. I also am fairly direct and get to the heart of the matter quickly, not only addressing the problem, but the factors and processes that contribute to it, therefore making long standing changes. My goal is to help the client develop the tools necessary to address their own problems and live a happier, more fulfilling life.
I work with individuals, families and couples to improve their life situation and address the problems they are facing in a positive and compassionate manner. I also am fairly direct and get to the heart of the matter quickly, not only addressing the problem, but the factors and processes that contribute to it, therefore making long standing changes. My goal is to help the client develop the tools necessary to address their own problems and live a happier, more fulfilling life.
(571) 392-5974 View (571) 392-5974
Photo of Nicholas B Liappis, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Nicholas B Liappis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
McLean, VA 22101
I’m a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) native to McLean, VA. For 28 years I’ve had the opportunity to use my training, skills and experience to make a positive difference in the lives of many, from young children (5+ yo); to tweens and teens; and to adults. By meeting people where they are and not where they are expected to be, I empower my clients to lift themselves up to a place in life where they want to be.
I’m a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) native to McLean, VA. For 28 years I’ve had the opportunity to use my training, skills and experience to make a positive difference in the lives of many, from young children (5+ yo); to tweens and teens; and to adults. By meeting people where they are and not where they are expected to be, I empower my clients to lift themselves up to a place in life where they want to be.
(571) 290-2170 View (571) 290-2170
Photo of Douglas L. Rizzo - Integrated Counseling Services, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, Spvsr
Integrated Counseling Services, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, Spvsr
1 Endorsed
Online Only
You will experience a counseling approach that focuses on building a strong, collaborative partnership between therapist and client. We will identify any challenges-limitations that may exist, work to employ your personal strengths and tap into your resiliency. Emotional states such as depression, anxiety, anger, sadness, confusion, etc are often underlying symptoms of a deeper issue and not the problem itself. Effective therapy identifies the source(s) and addresses any root causes. Our goal will be to gain access into your intrinsic wisdom, into your inherent ability to heal, cope, adapt - and to grow from your life experiences.
You will experience a counseling approach that focuses on building a strong, collaborative partnership between therapist and client. We will identify any challenges-limitations that may exist, work to employ your personal strengths and tap into your resiliency. Emotional states such as depression, anxiety, anger, sadness, confusion, etc are often underlying symptoms of a deeper issue and not the problem itself. Effective therapy identifies the source(s) and addresses any root causes. Our goal will be to gain access into your intrinsic wisdom, into your inherent ability to heal, cope, adapt - and to grow from your life experiences.
(703) 596-2979 View (703) 596-2979
Photo of Desiree Weathersby, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Desiree Weathersby
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I utilize multiple practices including trauma focused, evidence-based, person-centered, and strength-based approaches when providing individual therapy, along with modalities including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT); Motivational Interviewing; and mindfulness. I have experience working with individuals with behavioral concerns, adjustment concerns, anxiety, depression, and ADHD, among other diagnoses.
I utilize multiple practices including trauma focused, evidence-based, person-centered, and strength-based approaches when providing individual therapy, along with modalities including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT); Motivational Interviewing; and mindfulness. I have experience working with individuals with behavioral concerns, adjustment concerns, anxiety, depression, and ADHD, among other diagnoses.
(571) 202-7420 View (571) 202-7420
Photo of Ashley O'Bryon, Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Ashley O'Bryon
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
4 Endorsed
McLean, VA 22101
I have always loved helping individuals understand feelings, behavior and the human mind. I want to help my clients understand the reason behind their "why" and provide a safe, non judgmental space for sustainable healing. I have 6 years of experience in the mental health space working with families and individuals needing residential,PHP, IOP level of care as well as inpatient experience working with teens and adults. I provide counseling for teens and adults with various presenting issues including ADHD, depression, anxiety, personality disorders, relationship/attachment issues, life transitions, self-esteem, and substance misuse.
I have always loved helping individuals understand feelings, behavior and the human mind. I want to help my clients understand the reason behind their "why" and provide a safe, non judgmental space for sustainable healing. I have 6 years of experience in the mental health space working with families and individuals needing residential,PHP, IOP level of care as well as inpatient experience working with teens and adults. I provide counseling for teens and adults with various presenting issues including ADHD, depression, anxiety, personality disorders, relationship/attachment issues, life transitions, self-esteem, and substance misuse.
(571) 497-5668 View (571) 497-5668
Photo of Delaney Gilfoyle, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Delaney Gilfoyle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
1 Endorsed
McLean, VA 22102
Welcome! My name is Delaney (she/her), and I am committed to providing affirming, evidence-based therapy by creating a safe and empathetic space for clients to explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. I’m honored to provide a judgment-free environment where you can process, feel, and heal at your own pace. Together, we can address current challenges as well as past experiences and underlying patterns to deepen your self-understanding and make lasting changes. As an LGBTQ+-affirming provider, I ensure that clients’ identities are celebrated and supported throughout the therapeutic journey.
Welcome! My name is Delaney (she/her), and I am committed to providing affirming, evidence-based therapy by creating a safe and empathetic space for clients to explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. I’m honored to provide a judgment-free environment where you can process, feel, and heal at your own pace. Together, we can address current challenges as well as past experiences and underlying patterns to deepen your self-understanding and make lasting changes. As an LGBTQ+-affirming provider, I ensure that clients’ identities are celebrated and supported throughout the therapeutic journey.
(703) 420-3703 View (703) 420-3703
Photo of Sheridan Dean, Resident in Counseling, MS
Sheridan Dean
Resident in Counseling, MS
2 Endorsed
McLean, VA 22102
Not accepting new clients
Life can be unpredictable, and let’s be honest—therapy can feel a little like dating. It’s not always easy to find the right fit, but I’m here to make that process a little smoother. I offer a warm, down-to-earth space where you can talk about whatever’s on your mind: from everyday stress and anxiety, to big life transitions or past trauma. We’ll take time to explore what’s bringing you in, and work together to find a starting point that feels right. You don’t have to figure it all out alone—I’m here to walk alongside you.
Life can be unpredictable, and let’s be honest—therapy can feel a little like dating. It’s not always easy to find the right fit, but I’m here to make that process a little smoother. I offer a warm, down-to-earth space where you can talk about whatever’s on your mind: from everyday stress and anxiety, to big life transitions or past trauma. We’ll take time to explore what’s bringing you in, and work together to find a starting point that feels right. You don’t have to figure it all out alone—I’m here to walk alongside you.
(571) 619-9973 View (571) 619-9973
Photo of Jamie Sarten, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Jamie Sarten
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
If you're an adult with anxiety or ADHD and find yourself stuck in the same patterns, even after talking it through, you're not alone. Sometimes traditional talk therapy falls short when deeper patterns or blind spots are in play. I help gently identify what’s keeping you stuck and guide you toward real change. Using CBT and EMDR, we target the negative thought loops, overwhelm, and emotional blocks holding you back. My approach is warm, direct, and focused on helping you feel more grounded, clear, and in control of your life.
If you're an adult with anxiety or ADHD and find yourself stuck in the same patterns, even after talking it through, you're not alone. Sometimes traditional talk therapy falls short when deeper patterns or blind spots are in play. I help gently identify what’s keeping you stuck and guide you toward real change. Using CBT and EMDR, we target the negative thought loops, overwhelm, and emotional blocks holding you back. My approach is warm, direct, and focused on helping you feel more grounded, clear, and in control of your life.
(571) 410-3752 View (571) 410-3752
Photo of Sara Groark, Marriage & Family Therapist, LPC, LMFT, CSAC
Sara Groark
Marriage & Family Therapist, LPC, LMFT, CSAC
McLean, VA 22101
As a therapist with over 30 years of clinical experience, I create a safe, empathic environment for you, helping you to weather difficult life circumstances and to understand and cope with overwhelming feelings. My specialities are marital and family therapy, couples therapy, adolescent therapy, and addiction and substance abuse assessment. I also help families plan and coordinate substance abuse Interventions. The greatest solace for interpersonal turmoil often lies in having someone to listen carefully, thoughtfully and empathically and to collaborate in working toward positive change. This is my goal with all clients.
As a therapist with over 30 years of clinical experience, I create a safe, empathic environment for you, helping you to weather difficult life circumstances and to understand and cope with overwhelming feelings. My specialities are marital and family therapy, couples therapy, adolescent therapy, and addiction and substance abuse assessment. I also help families plan and coordinate substance abuse Interventions. The greatest solace for interpersonal turmoil often lies in having someone to listen carefully, thoughtfully and empathically and to collaborate in working toward positive change. This is my goal with all clients.
(703) 596-3891 View (703) 596-3891
Photo of David L Trautmann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
David L Trautmann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
McLean, VA 22101
It’s been a source of deep personal satisfaction for me to be able to assist people who are in distress find ways to resolve the life struggles and challenges they are having by creating a safe space where whatever needs to be discussed can be discussed and whatever needs to be fixed can be fixed - without judgment, shame or blame – an opportunity many people often don’t have; a therapeutic process that inevitably relieves stress, renews hope, and facilitates helpful discoveries, new perspectives, and more effective behaviors, bringing better results, relief from suffering, and healing, and more joy and satisfaction in life.
It’s been a source of deep personal satisfaction for me to be able to assist people who are in distress find ways to resolve the life struggles and challenges they are having by creating a safe space where whatever needs to be discussed can be discussed and whatever needs to be fixed can be fixed - without judgment, shame or blame – an opportunity many people often don’t have; a therapeutic process that inevitably relieves stress, renews hope, and facilitates helpful discoveries, new perspectives, and more effective behaviors, bringing better results, relief from suffering, and healing, and more joy and satisfaction in life.
(571) 317-2294 View (571) 317-2294
Photo of Shauna Fares, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Shauna Fares
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
McLean, VA 22101
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 9 years of experience supporting individuals on their journey toward healing and personal growth. I help clients navigate anxiety, depression, trauma, and major life transitions while fostering greater self-awareness, emotional stability, and healthier relationships. My goal is to create a safe, compassionate space where clients feel heard, understood, and empowered to explore new paths toward balance and resilience. My approach to therapy is grounded in empathy, collaboration, and evidence-based practices.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 9 years of experience supporting individuals on their journey toward healing and personal growth. I help clients navigate anxiety, depression, trauma, and major life transitions while fostering greater self-awareness, emotional stability, and healthier relationships. My goal is to create a safe, compassionate space where clients feel heard, understood, and empowered to explore new paths toward balance and resilience. My approach to therapy is grounded in empathy, collaboration, and evidence-based practices.
(571) 506-6937 View (571) 506-6937
Photo of Naoji Andrew Watson, Psychologist, PsyD
Naoji Andrew Watson
Psychologist, PsyD
2 Endorsed
McLean, VA 22102
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist who is passionate about helping individuals and families. I have lived in many states and in Okinawa, Japan, and in Virginia most recently. My diverse military and family background led me to undergraduate studies at The Pennsylvania State University, and doctoral degree in Psychology at Argosy University where I developed a special interest in multicultural competency and mental health treatment. I have over 15 years of clinical experience and find collaborative work essential with other mental and health professionals in order to provide the highest level of care in treating the whole person.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist who is passionate about helping individuals and families. I have lived in many states and in Okinawa, Japan, and in Virginia most recently. My diverse military and family background led me to undergraduate studies at The Pennsylvania State University, and doctoral degree in Psychology at Argosy University where I developed a special interest in multicultural competency and mental health treatment. I have over 15 years of clinical experience and find collaborative work essential with other mental and health professionals in order to provide the highest level of care in treating the whole person.
(703) 468-4547 View (703) 468-4547
Photo of Brenna Chirby - MindBalanceSPORT, Psychologist
MindBalanceSPORT
Psychologist
McLean, VA 22101
At MindBalanceSPORT we help athletes achieve their full potential. We do this through individualized assessment and interventions using empirically tested techniques. We know that mental skills are just as important as physical skills. They can be taught at an early age and we are here to teach you how to use them.
At MindBalanceSPORT we help athletes achieve their full potential. We do this through individualized assessment and interventions using empirically tested techniques. We know that mental skills are just as important as physical skills. They can be taught at an early age and we are here to teach you how to use them.
(571) 497-4292 View (571) 497-4292
Photo of Stephanie Ann Gosselin - Stephanie Gosselin LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Stephanie Gosselin LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Online Only
I enjoy working with people who are navigating the vicissitudes of life such as job transitions/lay-offs; relationships; people who want to understand themselves better; and people who want to grow in consciousness and heal heart-breaking experiences. I believe that we are spiritual beings having human experiences. The journey in consciousness involves the healing of the heart, soul, mind, and body. Such healing and integration serve to illuminate our genuine selves and brighten our inner spiritual light; a light that illuminates our true selves as soul, and by extension, our unique creativity, work, and contributions to the world.
I enjoy working with people who are navigating the vicissitudes of life such as job transitions/lay-offs; relationships; people who want to understand themselves better; and people who want to grow in consciousness and heal heart-breaking experiences. I believe that we are spiritual beings having human experiences. The journey in consciousness involves the healing of the heart, soul, mind, and body. Such healing and integration serve to illuminate our genuine selves and brighten our inner spiritual light; a light that illuminates our true selves as soul, and by extension, our unique creativity, work, and contributions to the world.
(571) 450-9295 View (571) 450-9295
Photo of Kathleen Matay, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Kathleen Matay
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
McLean, VA 22101
with clients across a range of ages and stages. Prior to becoming a counselor, Kathy acquired 15+ years of experience as a certified parent educator with CHADD and the Parent Encouragement Program (PEP), where she taught parenting classes and worked with parents to adopt a positive discipline approach and develop tools and strategies to promote cooperation, peacefulness and mutual respect in the family. Kathy integrates neuroscience and an understanding of mind/brain/body unity to help clients to regulate their emotions, express anger in a healthy way and prevent disproportionate responses.
with clients across a range of ages and stages. Prior to becoming a counselor, Kathy acquired 15+ years of experience as a certified parent educator with CHADD and the Parent Encouragement Program (PEP), where she taught parenting classes and worked with parents to adopt a positive discipline approach and develop tools and strategies to promote cooperation, peacefulness and mutual respect in the family. Kathy integrates neuroscience and an understanding of mind/brain/body unity to help clients to regulate their emotions, express anger in a healthy way and prevent disproportionate responses.
(571) 581-6201 View (571) 581-6201
Photo of Jeanine R Carlson, Psychologist, PhD
Jeanine R Carlson
Psychologist, PhD
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
With 40+ years of broad clinical experience, my practice now focuses on individual and couples work with adults. All are high functioning, often professional, dealing with issues such as depression, anxiety, bipolar illness, relationship/work/family stress, divorce, grief, loneliness, infertility, overeating, aging parents, anger management or trauma. I actively engage with clients in session and give feedback although I am not directive. I accept BCBS insurance but PPO plans only. I also accept some Medicare patients.
With 40+ years of broad clinical experience, my practice now focuses on individual and couples work with adults. All are high functioning, often professional, dealing with issues such as depression, anxiety, bipolar illness, relationship/work/family stress, divorce, grief, loneliness, infertility, overeating, aging parents, anger management or trauma. I actively engage with clients in session and give feedback although I am not directive. I accept BCBS insurance but PPO plans only. I also accept some Medicare patients.
(703) 596-8952 View (703) 596-8952
Photo of Christie Littleton, Licensed Professional Counselor
Christie Littleton
Licensed Professional Counselor
Online Only
Hi, I've been a counselor for 14 years and have been in the Mental Health field for 13. I have a desire to help people meet their goals with their emotional health and healing journey. There is no limit to freedom in life when we have motivation and encouragement to journey the distance. I come from a background of emotional dysfunction and I believe that through my own healing journey as well as my profession tenure, I have the skills that will be able to help many on their journey to freedom and emotional wellbeing.
Hi, I've been a counselor for 14 years and have been in the Mental Health field for 13. I have a desire to help people meet their goals with their emotional health and healing journey. There is no limit to freedom in life when we have motivation and encouragement to journey the distance. I come from a background of emotional dysfunction and I believe that through my own healing journey as well as my profession tenure, I have the skills that will be able to help many on their journey to freedom and emotional wellbeing.
(571) 506-3911 View (571) 506-3911
Photo of Leeron Silberberg Nowak, Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Leeron Silberberg Nowak
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
1 Endorsed
McLean, VA 22102
Hi, I'm Dr. Leeron Silberberg Nowak, a postdoctoral psychologist with specialized training in evidence-based psychotherapy, couples therapy, and psychological assessment. I earned my Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology with an emphasis in Family and Couples Therapy from the California School of Professional Psychology at Alliant International University, Los Angeles, and completed my pre-doctoral internship at the W.G. (Bill) Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center. I also have specialized training in health psychology and neuropsychology across medical, academic, and community settings.
Hi, I'm Dr. Leeron Silberberg Nowak, a postdoctoral psychologist with specialized training in evidence-based psychotherapy, couples therapy, and psychological assessment. I earned my Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology with an emphasis in Family and Couples Therapy from the California School of Professional Psychology at Alliant International University, Los Angeles, and completed my pre-doctoral internship at the W.G. (Bill) Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center. I also have specialized training in health psychology and neuropsychology across medical, academic, and community settings.
(571) 368-5202 View (571) 368-5202
Photo of Shaina Lester, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd
Shaina Lester
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd
4 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia and South Carolina with 6 years of experience supporting individuals through a wide range of emotional and life challenges. I’ve worked in intensive in-home services, therapeutic day treatment, and outpatient therapy, giving me the ability to connect with children, teens, and adults. I provide individual counseling for ages 8 and up, focusing on anxiety, depression, ADHD, Autism, and more. I also support LGBTQIA+ clients as they explore identity, relationships, and affirmation in a world that doesn’t always feel supportive.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia and South Carolina with 6 years of experience supporting individuals through a wide range of emotional and life challenges. I’ve worked in intensive in-home services, therapeutic day treatment, and outpatient therapy, giving me the ability to connect with children, teens, and adults. I provide individual counseling for ages 8 and up, focusing on anxiety, depression, ADHD, Autism, and more. I also support LGBTQIA+ clients as they explore identity, relationships, and affirmation in a world that doesn’t always feel supportive.
(276) 242-8914 View (276) 242-8914

See more therapy options for McLean

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in McLean, VA

700+

Average cost per session

$190

Therapists in McLean, VA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
94% Social Anxiety
94% Health Anxiety
94% Driving Anxiety
88% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
75% Relationship Anxiety

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% BlueCross and BlueShield
65% Aetna
63% Anthem

How Therapists in McLean, VA see their clients

61% In Person and Online
39% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in McLean?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.