Therapists in Lynchburg City County, VA

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Photo of Emily Stone, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Emily Stone
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Lynchburg, VA 24504
Looking for someone who understands life’s challenges both personally and professionally? I’m Emily Stone, a counselor and mom of two (10 and 8), with a cat, Izzy, and a dog, Shelby, who sometimes join sessions. My passion for counseling began after witnessing loved ones find healing through therapy during struggles with depression, anxiety, and suicidality. I’ve worked in human services since undergrad and love helping others find hope and growth. Outside of work, I enjoy DIY projects, hiking, kayaking, camping, and creating a home full of warmth, joy, and connection.
Looking for someone who understands life’s challenges both personally and professionally? I’m Emily Stone, a counselor and mom of two (10 and 8), with a cat, Izzy, and a dog, Shelby, who sometimes join sessions. My passion for counseling began after witnessing loved ones find healing through therapy during struggles with depression, anxiety, and suicidality. I’ve worked in human services since undergrad and love helping others find hope and growth. Outside of work, I enjoy DIY projects, hiking, kayaking, camping, and creating a home full of warmth, joy, and connection.
(434) 474-2321 View (434) 474-2321
Photo of Dr. Mike Takacs, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, EdS, LPC-S
Dr. Mike Takacs
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, EdS, LPC-S
1 Endorsed
Lynchburg, VA 24502
From day one I seek to help clients reach autonomy through collaborative treatment. Counseling, for the majority of individuals, is not something that should last a lifetime. Focusing on your goals, identifying barriers to progress, and seeking how to sustain the progress you have made is my philosophy.
From day one I seek to help clients reach autonomy through collaborative treatment. Counseling, for the majority of individuals, is not something that should last a lifetime. Focusing on your goals, identifying barriers to progress, and seeking how to sustain the progress you have made is my philosophy.
(434) 337-3708 View (434) 337-3708
Photo of Kayla Norris, Pre-Licensed Professional, LPCC
Kayla Norris
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPCC
Lynchburg, VA 24504
I am a Licensed Resident in Counseling with 1 year of experience in the mental health field. I specialize in helping adults and seniors manage anxiety and heal from parental trauma. I also have experience supporting individuals as they manage depression, adjust to life changes, and recover from traumatic situations.
I am a Licensed Resident in Counseling with 1 year of experience in the mental health field. I specialize in helping adults and seniors manage anxiety and heal from parental trauma. I also have experience supporting individuals as they manage depression, adjust to life changes, and recover from traumatic situations.
(434) 204-8745 View (434) 204-8745
Photo of Chelsea Lynn Corley, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Chelsea Lynn Corley
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
I work to create a trusting, safe and nonjudgmental atmosphere where you are able to share your burdens and pain that you carry. I believe the relationship between you and I is essential to the healing process. My ultimate goal is to lead you to healing the broken areas of your life (current and past wounds) to find wholeness.
I work to create a trusting, safe and nonjudgmental atmosphere where you are able to share your burdens and pain that you carry. I believe the relationship between you and I is essential to the healing process. My ultimate goal is to lead you to healing the broken areas of your life (current and past wounds) to find wholeness.
(434) 361-4385 View (434) 361-4385
Photo of Ashley Scriven, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Ashley Scriven
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Lynchburg, VA 24502
Being a teen or college student today is a lot- pressure from school, family, friends, family, and social media can feel overwhelming. You don’t have to figure it out alone! I help teens and young adult manage anxiety, depression, stress, and self-esteem challenges with curiosity, compassion, and a laidback supportive approach. Together, we will build self compassion, trust in yourself and clarity about who you are and what matters most.
Being a teen or college student today is a lot- pressure from school, family, friends, family, and social media can feel overwhelming. You don’t have to figure it out alone! I help teens and young adult manage anxiety, depression, stress, and self-esteem challenges with curiosity, compassion, and a laidback supportive approach. Together, we will build self compassion, trust in yourself and clarity about who you are and what matters most.
(434) 568-9788 View (434) 568-9788
Photo of Matthew Hammond, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Matthew Hammond
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Lynchburg, VA 24502
I have a passion for working with people in an intentional, collaborative way to allow for personal growth, healing, and restoration. I believe in providing a safe space for concerns to be shared and working toward sustainable, long lasting change that may result from counseling.
I have a passion for working with people in an intentional, collaborative way to allow for personal growth, healing, and restoration. I believe in providing a safe space for concerns to be shared and working toward sustainable, long lasting change that may result from counseling.
(434) 813-6011 View (434) 813-6011
Photo of Elly Stevens, Resident in Counseling, MA
Elly Stevens
Resident in Counseling, MA
1 Endorsed
Lynchburg, VA 24501
Not accepting new clients
The stories we tell ourselves echo powerfully into how we live our lives. Sometimes these stories carry destructive beliefs about yourself or those around you, making relationships hard to navigate. It may feel that a chasm lies between you and the full life you want to live. What story are you currently living, and is it the one you want? My name’s Elly, and I believe it’s never too late to rewrite the narrative.
The stories we tell ourselves echo powerfully into how we live our lives. Sometimes these stories carry destructive beliefs about yourself or those around you, making relationships hard to navigate. It may feel that a chasm lies between you and the full life you want to live. What story are you currently living, and is it the one you want? My name’s Elly, and I believe it’s never too late to rewrite the narrative.
(434) 404-5310 View (434) 404-5310
Photo of Bryan John Prinzivalli, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ACS, LMFT
Bryan John Prinzivalli
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ACS, LMFT
3 Endorsed
Lynchburg, VA 24504
Having worked extensively with children, adolescents and their families, I would say my ideal client is pre-teen to adult working through behavioral struggles including impulse control, defiance, hyperactivity, etc. I work closely with and honor the family unit and also work with couples, relationship and marriage counseling for the betterment of that unit. I also have worked with and specialize in treatment of dual diagnosis, particularly when addictive behaviors are a primary concern. Being trained in ASAM criteria I also work with additive behaviors in both adolescent and adults.
Having worked extensively with children, adolescents and their families, I would say my ideal client is pre-teen to adult working through behavioral struggles including impulse control, defiance, hyperactivity, etc. I work closely with and honor the family unit and also work with couples, relationship and marriage counseling for the betterment of that unit. I also have worked with and specialize in treatment of dual diagnosis, particularly when addictive behaviors are a primary concern. Being trained in ASAM criteria I also work with additive behaviors in both adolescent and adults.
(434) 478-1721 View (434) 478-1721
Photo of Jennifer L Cossman, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, FAMI, MT-BC
Jennifer L Cossman
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, FAMI, MT-BC
5 Endorsed
Lynchburg, VA 24502
You sense there's hope for healing and growth ahead, even while carrying invisible burdens – trauma that won't let go, grief that feels endless, or life changes that left you questioning everything. Maybe you're high-functioning on the outside but struggling inside, experiencing anxiety, depression, or physical symptoms you can't explain. You want to feel like yourself again, to rediscover joy and meaning in your daily life. You need someone who truly understands your complexity, honors your resilience, and will walk with you at your own pace toward the healing you deserve.
You sense there's hope for healing and growth ahead, even while carrying invisible burdens – trauma that won't let go, grief that feels endless, or life changes that left you questioning everything. Maybe you're high-functioning on the outside but struggling inside, experiencing anxiety, depression, or physical symptoms you can't explain. You want to feel like yourself again, to rediscover joy and meaning in your daily life. You need someone who truly understands your complexity, honors your resilience, and will walk with you at your own pace toward the healing you deserve.
(434) 433-8407 View (434) 433-8407
Photo of Kim Bates Seeburger, Licensed Professional Counselor, M Ed, CAGS, LPC, LCMHC, SEP
Kim Bates Seeburger
Licensed Professional Counselor, M Ed, CAGS, LPC, LCMHC, SEP
Online Only
Therapy oftentimes begins with searching for relief of symptoms related to trauma, depression, anxiety, addiction, and help with stressors of life. In the therapeutic process, with support and safety, you can not only get relief from those symptoms, but also create the life in which you truly find joy and purpose in living, along with a renewed sense of who you are and what values and core beliefs are important to you. My role is to be a support and resource for those sorting through what is working and may not be working, so that you are truly living the life you want to live. If you are ready for relief and beyond, I can help.
Therapy oftentimes begins with searching for relief of symptoms related to trauma, depression, anxiety, addiction, and help with stressors of life. In the therapeutic process, with support and safety, you can not only get relief from those symptoms, but also create the life in which you truly find joy and purpose in living, along with a renewed sense of who you are and what values and core beliefs are important to you. My role is to be a support and resource for those sorting through what is working and may not be working, so that you are truly living the life you want to live. If you are ready for relief and beyond, I can help.
(434) 661-5320 View (434) 661-5320
Photo of Haley Towles, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Haley Towles
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
My passion for counseling and working closely with people and their stories has always been a part of what drives me. I am particularly passionate about working closely with those who experience trauma of any kind as well as the affects that come along with it such as anxiety, depression, family issues, relationship issues etc. I specialize in working with women, in particular, to help them see that no matter where their story has led them to until now, that their story matters regardless and healing can be found in each chapter.
My passion for counseling and working closely with people and their stories has always been a part of what drives me. I am particularly passionate about working closely with those who experience trauma of any kind as well as the affects that come along with it such as anxiety, depression, family issues, relationship issues etc. I specialize in working with women, in particular, to help them see that no matter where their story has led them to until now, that their story matters regardless and healing can be found in each chapter.
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Photo of Nicole M Taylor, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, NCC
Nicole M Taylor
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, NCC
1 Endorsed
Lynchburg, VA 24502
I have over thirteen years of experience in the mental health field, working with a variety of individuals across many backgrounds and treatment needs. I enjoy working with teens and young adults with anxiety who are transitioning between phases of life, as well as mothers who are trying to find balance in life. I have been certified in the treatment of trauma and am honored when someone trusts me enough to allow me into some of the hardest moments of their lives. My primary strategy is to provide a warm and safe environment based on kindness and empathic understanding.
I have over thirteen years of experience in the mental health field, working with a variety of individuals across many backgrounds and treatment needs. I enjoy working with teens and young adults with anxiety who are transitioning between phases of life, as well as mothers who are trying to find balance in life. I have been certified in the treatment of trauma and am honored when someone trusts me enough to allow me into some of the hardest moments of their lives. My primary strategy is to provide a warm and safe environment based on kindness and empathic understanding.
(434) 201-8406 View (434) 201-8406
Photo of Robert J. Messarge Jr., Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LMHC, ACS
Robert J. Messarge Jr.
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LMHC, ACS
Lynchburg, VA 24502
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Virginia and Licensed Mental Health Counselor in the state of Florida, who specializes in treating a range of relational issues, adjustment disorders, anxiety, and depression. As both a husband and father of two children, I understand the importance of how communication, conflict resolution, and boundaries can contribute to building healthier relationships. I desire to help clients develop healthier relationships not only with others but also within themselves while also developing healthier coping skills to promote emotional regulation and wellness within their lives.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Virginia and Licensed Mental Health Counselor in the state of Florida, who specializes in treating a range of relational issues, adjustment disorders, anxiety, and depression. As both a husband and father of two children, I understand the importance of how communication, conflict resolution, and boundaries can contribute to building healthier relationships. I desire to help clients develop healthier relationships not only with others but also within themselves while also developing healthier coping skills to promote emotional regulation and wellness within their lives.
(434) 201-3121 View (434) 201-3121
Photo of Justin Dixon, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Justin Dixon
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you ever feel like life is moving too fast for you to keep up? Like you’re carrying more stress than you can handle? That you just need a day for responsibilities to pause so you can just catch up? Life can be messy, complicated, and stressful and sometimes the weight of it all is too much. It leaves you tired, anxious, and depressed; like you want to get away from it all. You don't have to carry that weight alone. My name is Justin, a therapist practicing virtual therapy in Virginia and North Carolina. I am someone who can walk alongside you to put some order and meaning to these swirling thoughts and worries.
Do you ever feel like life is moving too fast for you to keep up? Like you’re carrying more stress than you can handle? That you just need a day for responsibilities to pause so you can just catch up? Life can be messy, complicated, and stressful and sometimes the weight of it all is too much. It leaves you tired, anxious, and depressed; like you want to get away from it all. You don't have to carry that weight alone. My name is Justin, a therapist practicing virtual therapy in Virginia and North Carolina. I am someone who can walk alongside you to put some order and meaning to these swirling thoughts and worries.
(434) 285-9755 View (434) 285-9755
Photo of Jordyn Woods, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CIMHP
Jordyn Woods
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CIMHP
Lynchburg, VA 24502
Are you struggling with anxiety, feeling overwhelmed, trouble sleeping, or fatigue in addition to brain fog, or digestive issues? Maybe you find yourself overthinking, stuck in the same old thinking patterns, and juggling too many things at once making you feel stuck. Do you feel like your fatigue, digestive issues, and brain fog are preventing you from living fully? You might not even remember a time things didn’t feel this way. But one thing is for sure, you’re ready for some relief! You’re ready to take back control of your whole health and ready to feel confident, stop overthinking, and trust your own decisions!
Are you struggling with anxiety, feeling overwhelmed, trouble sleeping, or fatigue in addition to brain fog, or digestive issues? Maybe you find yourself overthinking, stuck in the same old thinking patterns, and juggling too many things at once making you feel stuck. Do you feel like your fatigue, digestive issues, and brain fog are preventing you from living fully? You might not even remember a time things didn’t feel this way. But one thing is for sure, you’re ready for some relief! You’re ready to take back control of your whole health and ready to feel confident, stop overthinking, and trust your own decisions!
(540) 210-1315 View (540) 210-1315
Photo of Dr. R. Mike Anderson, Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPC, ACS
Dr. R. Mike Anderson
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPC, ACS
Lynchburg, VA 24502
Hello, As a clinical director, I understand the importance of understanding and honoring the needs of my clients. My Life experience and clinical understanding inspires me to co-create change with and for my clients. My faith and family have helped me stay balanced and energized for service. I love helping clients uncover facts that were hidden from view. I love seeing a person's eyes light up when they uncover unconscious truths that emerge during counseling. I love seeing the smile and life come back into a person who had begun to doubt whether solutions could be found. It’s exciting! I love my job!
Hello, As a clinical director, I understand the importance of understanding and honoring the needs of my clients. My Life experience and clinical understanding inspires me to co-create change with and for my clients. My faith and family have helped me stay balanced and energized for service. I love helping clients uncover facts that were hidden from view. I love seeing a person's eyes light up when they uncover unconscious truths that emerge during counseling. I love seeing the smile and life come back into a person who had begun to doubt whether solutions could be found. It’s exciting! I love my job!
(434) 478-0743 x201 View (434) 478-0743 x201
Photo of Lauren Johnson - Mx. Lauren Johnson, OCD Therapist, AuDHD Therapist, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Mx. Lauren Johnson, OCD Therapist, AuDHD Therapist
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
12 Endorsed
Online Only
You’re sick of the overwhelm & relentless “What if?” intrusive thought loops from anxiety & Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). You want to step off the hamster wheel of doubt, trust yourself, & notice scary thoughts— without letting them run your life. You want to live with more ease, guided by what truly matters to you. You want a therapist who gets it— & gets you— because they’ve been in your shoes. That’s where I come in! I’m a lived experience clinician, & I bring that experience into my work. You’ll learn to recognize OCD’s “what if” doubts & respond using real evidence, not fear, so you can find freedom, clarity, & peace.
You’re sick of the overwhelm & relentless “What if?” intrusive thought loops from anxiety & Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). You want to step off the hamster wheel of doubt, trust yourself, & notice scary thoughts— without letting them run your life. You want to live with more ease, guided by what truly matters to you. You want a therapist who gets it— & gets you— because they’ve been in your shoes. That’s where I come in! I’m a lived experience clinician, & I bring that experience into my work. You’ll learn to recognize OCD’s “what if” doubts & respond using real evidence, not fear, so you can find freedom, clarity, & peace.
(434) 216-2751 View (434) 216-2751
Photo of Nicole Byrd, Pre-Licensed Professional
Nicole Byrd
Pre-Licensed Professional
Lynchburg, VA 24504
I am a Resident in Counseling with 19 years of experience supporting children, adolescents, and adults through life’s emotional and behavioral challenges. I have extensive experience in foster care, trauma recovery, and behavioral health. My goal is to create a compassionate and empowering space where each person can work toward growth and meaningful change. My approach is collaborative, trauma-informed, and strengths-focused, helping individuals build resilience and emotional stability.
I am a Resident in Counseling with 19 years of experience supporting children, adolescents, and adults through life’s emotional and behavioral challenges. I have extensive experience in foster care, trauma recovery, and behavioral health. My goal is to create a compassionate and empowering space where each person can work toward growth and meaningful change. My approach is collaborative, trauma-informed, and strengths-focused, helping individuals build resilience and emotional stability.
(434) 216-6493 View (434) 216-6493
Photo of Rachel Birkeland O'Neal, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LPC, LMFT, RPT
Rachel Birkeland O'Neal
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LPC, LMFT, RPT
Lynchburg, VA 24502
Not accepting new clients
As a Cross Cultural individual who grew up in Asia, I am fluent in English, Cantonese, and conversational Mandarin. I have years of experience working with children in multiple settings and in multiple countries. I completed clinical training in SYMBIS premarital counseling, Gottman Method Couples Therapy (Level 1), TBRI for children from hard places, ASIST suicide prevention, and CBASP intervention for chronic depression. Currently, I am currently a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and a Licensed Professional Counselor. I am also a Registered Play Therapist to provide the therapeutic powers of play for working with children.
As a Cross Cultural individual who grew up in Asia, I am fluent in English, Cantonese, and conversational Mandarin. I have years of experience working with children in multiple settings and in multiple countries. I completed clinical training in SYMBIS premarital counseling, Gottman Method Couples Therapy (Level 1), TBRI for children from hard places, ASIST suicide prevention, and CBASP intervention for chronic depression. Currently, I am currently a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and a Licensed Professional Counselor. I am also a Registered Play Therapist to provide the therapeutic powers of play for working with children.
(434) 425-7480 View (434) 425-7480
Photo of Ken Blanchard, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Ken Blanchard
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Lynchburg, VA 24502
I am passionate about helping people. I believe strongly that the foundation of successful therapy is having a strong therapeutic relationship with my clients, and that each one must believe that my office is a safe place to be authentic and honest about their struggles. This is the basis for being able to treat the underlying issue, and not just the symptom. I am a Christian counselor, and trust God to lead me with His wisdom to help each person. I combine this with sound, evidence based therapeutic techniques/systems to help my clients find true freedom!
I am passionate about helping people. I believe strongly that the foundation of successful therapy is having a strong therapeutic relationship with my clients, and that each one must believe that my office is a safe place to be authentic and honest about their struggles. This is the basis for being able to treat the underlying issue, and not just the symptom. I am a Christian counselor, and trust God to lead me with His wisdom to help each person. I combine this with sound, evidence based therapeutic techniques/systems to help my clients find true freedom!
(434) 480-4203 View (434) 480-4203

See more therapy options for Lynchburg City County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Lynchburg City County, VA

300+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Lynchburg City County, VA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
90% Depression
71% Trauma and PTSD
69% Relationship Issues
68% Stress
65% Coping Skills
64% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

92% Aetna
80% Cigna and Evernorth
80% Anthem

How Therapists in Lynchburg City County, VA see their clients

54% In Person and Online
46% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
23% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Lynchburg City County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.