Therapists in Henry County, VA

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Photo of Angela Meadows, MS, LPC, NCC, Counselor
Angela Meadows
Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Fieldale, VA 24089  (Online Only)
I have experience working from youth ages 4-17 and adults ages 18-60. My experiences have been primarily working with teens & young adults with anxiety, depression, adhd, trauma, and parenting concerns. I work with you to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment. Taking the first step to sign up for therapy can take courage and I am proud of you for getting started. Therapy is like changing your sheets. In order to have the best sleep we have to maintain what we sleep on. Imagine session as your way of cleaning your sheets. Your way of building back to what you have.
I have experience working from youth ages 4-17 and adults ages 18-60. My experiences have been primarily working with teens & young adults with anxiety, depression, adhd, trauma, and parenting concerns. I work with you to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment. Taking the first step to sign up for therapy can take courage and I am proud of you for getting started. Therapy is like changing your sheets. In order to have the best sleep we have to maintain what we sleep on. Imagine session as your way of cleaning your sheets. Your way of building back to what you have.
(276) 400-9238 View (276) 400-9238
Photo of Preston H. Page, LCSW, LSATP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Preston H. Page
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSATP
Verified Verified
Bassett, VA 24055
I have joined Dr. Margaret Bowen's “Restoration is a Journey” practice. Working with me will therefore make available to you a physician and two psychiatric nurse practitioners. Mental health and substance abuse treatment are available. Substance abuse services include Suboxone and other medically assisted treatment such as Vivitrol. Methadone is not available. You are not required to see the physician and psychiatric nurse practitioners to work with me.
I have joined Dr. Margaret Bowen's “Restoration is a Journey” practice. Working with me will therefore make available to you a physician and two psychiatric nurse practitioners. Mental health and substance abuse treatment are available. Substance abuse services include Suboxone and other medically assisted treatment such as Vivitrol. Methadone is not available. You are not required to see the physician and psychiatric nurse practitioners to work with me.
(276) 403-0975 View (276) 403-0975
Photo of Jillian Pelzer, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jillian Pelzer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Bassett, VA 24055
Hi! My name is Jillian Pelzer. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor for the state of VA. I take a person-centered approach to therapy, meaning you are the expert of your own life. I am simply here to help you organize your thoughts and judgment so that you can make positive decisions for your life. I have expertise in counseling clients with depression, parenting problems, suicidal ideation, adjustment disorders, substance use problems, and more. I am super laid back! This will be a no-stress, no-pressure situation. The time is yours to use how you'd like. I am always flexible with my clients.
Hi! My name is Jillian Pelzer. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor for the state of VA. I take a person-centered approach to therapy, meaning you are the expert of your own life. I am simply here to help you organize your thoughts and judgment so that you can make positive decisions for your life. I have expertise in counseling clients with depression, parenting problems, suicidal ideation, adjustment disorders, substance use problems, and more. I am super laid back! This will be a no-stress, no-pressure situation. The time is yours to use how you'd like. I am always flexible with my clients.
(757) 859-0682 View (757) 859-0682
Photo of Lisa Smith, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Ridgeway, VA 24148
Hi. I'm Lisa Smith, a Clinical Social Worker. I like our therapy to be a time of creating what next steps you are willing to try. Together we think of the barrier. I act as a coach for accountability with awareness of any diagnosis or past struggles you've had. I highlight your strengths and together we celebrate victories. The therapy I use is research-based. I'll show you the logic and ease of following incremental steps. I will share the traits of your personality or diagnosis that are working for or hindering progress. When plans don't work, we begin again.
Hi. I'm Lisa Smith, a Clinical Social Worker. I like our therapy to be a time of creating what next steps you are willing to try. Together we think of the barrier. I act as a coach for accountability with awareness of any diagnosis or past struggles you've had. I highlight your strengths and together we celebrate victories. The therapy I use is research-based. I'll show you the logic and ease of following incremental steps. I will share the traits of your personality or diagnosis that are working for or hindering progress. When plans don't work, we begin again.
(571) 609-4346 View (571) 609-4346
Photo of Milov Sonnier, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Milov Sonnier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Axton, VA 24054
I am Milov Sonnier a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Virginia. I work with clients statewide via telehealth. I specialize in women's issues, trauma, PTSD, thought disorders, stress, anxiety, depression, relationship issues and more. I use integrative approaches to help my clients make progress and to begin to feel better. I have found that my style and approach is a good fit for adults who are experiencing transition periods in their lives, and have traumatic memories that surface due to a current life stressor's.
I am Milov Sonnier a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Virginia. I work with clients statewide via telehealth. I specialize in women's issues, trauma, PTSD, thought disorders, stress, anxiety, depression, relationship issues and more. I use integrative approaches to help my clients make progress and to begin to feel better. I have found that my style and approach is a good fit for adults who are experiencing transition periods in their lives, and have traumatic memories that surface due to a current life stressor's.
(804) 596-4915 View (804) 596-4915
Photo of Denise Hall, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Denise Hall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Ridgeway, VA 24148
Hello, my name is Denise and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Virginia. I have been in the behavioral health field for over 28 years working with individuals and families. I have experience in many aspects of therapeutic interventions and work in a person-focused and centered approach. I utilize a relaxed, interactive communication style. My work experience spans in several areas including anxiety, depression, grief, relationship issues, and life transitions, and also have a subspecialty in working with individuals and their family members with Autism.
Hello, my name is Denise and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Virginia. I have been in the behavioral health field for over 28 years working with individuals and families. I have experience in many aspects of therapeutic interventions and work in a person-focused and centered approach. I utilize a relaxed, interactive communication style. My work experience spans in several areas including anxiety, depression, grief, relationship issues, and life transitions, and also have a subspecialty in working with individuals and their family members with Autism.
(703) 890-5073 View (703) 890-5073
Photo of Calandra Togba-Doya, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Calandra Togba-Doya
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bassett, VA 24055
Welcome, I'm Calandra Togba-Doya, LCSW, LICSW. I work with Individuals that desire positive change in their lives. I believe perfection is a myth, but we all can set and obtain progressive goals. My mantra is Happy, Healthy, and Whole. That's obtainable. I view the therapeutic process as a partnership with you leading the effort. You have all the answers you need. I am simply a partner walking along as you journey to uncover them. I work best with Individuals ages 14 - 65. Though the majority of my clients are women; men have found my approach very beneficial.
Welcome, I'm Calandra Togba-Doya, LCSW, LICSW. I work with Individuals that desire positive change in their lives. I believe perfection is a myth, but we all can set and obtain progressive goals. My mantra is Happy, Healthy, and Whole. That's obtainable. I view the therapeutic process as a partnership with you leading the effort. You have all the answers you need. I am simply a partner walking along as you journey to uncover them. I work best with Individuals ages 14 - 65. Though the majority of my clients are women; men have found my approach very beneficial.
(757) 848-4185 View (757) 848-4185
Photo of Mark Murphy, LCPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mark Murphy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Collinsville, VA 24078
I have been a Licensed Professional Counselor for over 20 years. I have worked with men, women, teens, and families on various issues. Sometimes that work involved helping them through a particular incident or life change that overwhelmed them. Other times, our work centered around longstanding topics of depression, anxiety, trauma, and addiction. With years of both institutional and outpatient experience, I enjoy helping people move from a place they can no longer tolerate to one where they feel happier and more effective. I also provide clinical supervision for LPC residents.
I have been a Licensed Professional Counselor for over 20 years. I have worked with men, women, teens, and families on various issues. Sometimes that work involved helping them through a particular incident or life change that overwhelmed them. Other times, our work centered around longstanding topics of depression, anxiety, trauma, and addiction. With years of both institutional and outpatient experience, I enjoy helping people move from a place they can no longer tolerate to one where they feel happier and more effective. I also provide clinical supervision for LPC residents.
(757) 909-5571 View (757) 909-5571
Photo of Kenneth Kronheim, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kenneth Kronheim
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Fieldale, VA 24089
Ken Kronheim has been a licensed therapist since 2007. As a retired fire rescue chief, Ken possesses the experience and insight not only to ease physical suffering but help mental health as well. Ken's goal is to not only make you "feel" better but also help you "get" better. My focus Ken has a vast amount of experience with front-line/professional personnel such as first responders, medical field, military, law, educators and their families as well as college aged students. Ken utilizes an eclectic approach to therapy while primarily utilizing CBT, REBT, and solution-focused techniques.
Ken Kronheim has been a licensed therapist since 2007. As a retired fire rescue chief, Ken possesses the experience and insight not only to ease physical suffering but help mental health as well. Ken's goal is to not only make you "feel" better but also help you "get" better. My focus Ken has a vast amount of experience with front-line/professional personnel such as first responders, medical field, military, law, educators and their families as well as college aged students. Ken utilizes an eclectic approach to therapy while primarily utilizing CBT, REBT, and solution-focused techniques.
(571) 520-4178 View (571) 520-4178
Photo of Jenny Yates, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jenny Yates
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Collinsville, VA 24078
Grab your comfiest clothes, maybe a cup of coffee. Join me in my cozy office with floor to ceiling plants, and 2 turtles, or outdoors, at your favorite spot. We'll laugh, talk and do a little therapy too. My name is Jenny and I have been a LCSW for 18 years, and practicing for 23. Your story is as individualized as your fingerprint, and I believe your therapy should be too. Take your time getting to know me and my approaches on 4RC's FB page, Instagram page (4riversjenny), or fourriverscounseling.org.
Grab your comfiest clothes, maybe a cup of coffee. Join me in my cozy office with floor to ceiling plants, and 2 turtles, or outdoors, at your favorite spot. We'll laugh, talk and do a little therapy too. My name is Jenny and I have been a LCSW for 18 years, and practicing for 23. Your story is as individualized as your fingerprint, and I believe your therapy should be too. Take your time getting to know me and my approaches on 4RC's FB page, Instagram page (4riversjenny), or fourriverscounseling.org.
(276) 800-0778 View (276) 800-0778
Photo of Mayah Taylor, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mayah Taylor
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Fieldale, VA 24089
I believe that anyone seeking help can find peace, wellness, and strength in a warm, supportive therapeutic environment. I have worked in mental health since 2017. My professional experience includes providing individual and group therapy in a private practice setting and working in the hospital setting to provide crisis intervention, discharge planning, and conducting behavioral health assessments as part of treatment planning. I serve clients experiencing various mental health issues and problems surrounding anger management, anxiety, coping skills, depression, grief/loss, stress, and self-esteem.
I believe that anyone seeking help can find peace, wellness, and strength in a warm, supportive therapeutic environment. I have worked in mental health since 2017. My professional experience includes providing individual and group therapy in a private practice setting and working in the hospital setting to provide crisis intervention, discharge planning, and conducting behavioral health assessments as part of treatment planning. I serve clients experiencing various mental health issues and problems surrounding anger management, anxiety, coping skills, depression, grief/loss, stress, and self-esteem.
(540) 930-4365 View (540) 930-4365
Photo of Tosha M Foley, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tosha M Foley
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Axton, VA 24054
Counseling can be a great opportunity to feel heard, tell your story, and work on your issues. We often seek help when we feel overwhelmed, worried, and upset, which can feel unsettling to share. I seek to help ease the process of telling your story and finding healing.
Counseling can be a great opportunity to feel heard, tell your story, and work on your issues. We often seek help when we feel overwhelmed, worried, and upset, which can feel unsettling to share. I seek to help ease the process of telling your story and finding healing.
(540) 210-1343 View (540) 210-1343
Photo of Brianne Burden, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brianne Burden
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Axton, VA 24054  (Online Only)
I believe, that most often times, it takes an individual to experience significant pain or dissatisfaction in their life in order for them to pursue counseling and change. I understand that the step to reach out and ask for assistance with life’s issues is a huge step and I do not take that lightly. As your therapist, it is my commitment to come along side of you and support you through the more challenging times in life.
I believe, that most often times, it takes an individual to experience significant pain or dissatisfaction in their life in order for them to pursue counseling and change. I understand that the step to reach out and ask for assistance with life’s issues is a huge step and I do not take that lightly. As your therapist, it is my commitment to come along side of you and support you through the more challenging times in life.
(540) 215-7654 View (540) 215-7654

Online Therapists

Photo of Lisa Michelle Fox, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lisa Michelle Fox
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Forest, VA 24551
Just relax, they said - and you want to, but don't even remember what that feels like! What if something goes wrong? It did that one time. You are not alone: many people spend their time dealing with thoughts and feelings that are intrusive and time-consuming. If you are tired of feeling trapped inside your head, there is hope. My passion is helping people get unstuck from thoughts and feelings related to past and present experiences including child and adult complex traumas, OCD (Obsessive-compulsive Disorder), and other anxiety and depression related issues and back into living life.
Just relax, they said - and you want to, but don't even remember what that feels like! What if something goes wrong? It did that one time. You are not alone: many people spend their time dealing with thoughts and feelings that are intrusive and time-consuming. If you are tired of feeling trapped inside your head, there is hope. My passion is helping people get unstuck from thoughts and feelings related to past and present experiences including child and adult complex traumas, OCD (Obsessive-compulsive Disorder), and other anxiety and depression related issues and back into living life.
(434) 602-9907 View (434) 602-9907
Photo of Joanna Nichols, LCSW, CCTP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Joanna Nichols
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Roanoke, VA 24015  (Online Only)
I provide therapy to adults who are ready to create profound, lasting change within themselves. Do you identify as a high achiever or a people pleaser? Do you find yourself going from over-working to zoned out and disconnected? Does it feel like no matter how hard you work or how much you do, you never feel good enough? Parts of you want to feel more connected and joyful, while other parts of you keep you distracted and disconnected. I help highly motivated individuals learn to understand themselves and calm the internal conflict inside of them. I'm successful at what I do, and right now you need an expert to guide you.
I provide therapy to adults who are ready to create profound, lasting change within themselves. Do you identify as a high achiever or a people pleaser? Do you find yourself going from over-working to zoned out and disconnected? Does it feel like no matter how hard you work or how much you do, you never feel good enough? Parts of you want to feel more connected and joyful, while other parts of you keep you distracted and disconnected. I help highly motivated individuals learn to understand themselves and calm the internal conflict inside of them. I'm successful at what I do, and right now you need an expert to guide you.
(540) 679-7129 View (540) 679-7129
Photo of Sierra Williams, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sierra Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Lynchburg, VA 24502  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed professional counselor. I provide therapy for individuals in the state of Virginia and Texas. I offer tele health (Virtual) sessions. I utilize Mindfulness, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Person-Centered Therapy, Strength Based Therapy, motivational interviewing, Solution Focused Therapy, and Multisystemic therapy.
I am a Licensed professional counselor. I provide therapy for individuals in the state of Virginia and Texas. I offer tele health (Virtual) sessions. I utilize Mindfulness, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Person-Centered Therapy, Strength Based Therapy, motivational interviewing, Solution Focused Therapy, and Multisystemic therapy.
(434) 595-5842 View (434) 595-5842
Photo of Lisa C Westmoreland - Westmoreland Counseling Services, LLC, MS, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Westmoreland Counseling Services, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Cave Spring, VA 24018
Counseling and Clinical Supervision: Would you like to improve your overall life satisfaction? Counseling helps people to improve their overall life satisfaction by supporting them in making changes. These changes can improve mood, sleep, relationships, work productivity, physical health and more according to your individual goals. I work with people 18 years old and up to support them in effectively making positive changes in their lives. My focus is on developing a trust-based relationship with clients to support them in reaching their goals that improve their overall life satisfaction and wellbeing.
Counseling and Clinical Supervision: Would you like to improve your overall life satisfaction? Counseling helps people to improve their overall life satisfaction by supporting them in making changes. These changes can improve mood, sleep, relationships, work productivity, physical health and more according to your individual goals. I work with people 18 years old and up to support them in effectively making positive changes in their lives. My focus is on developing a trust-based relationship with clients to support them in reaching their goals that improve their overall life satisfaction and wellbeing.
(540) 709-7530 View (540) 709-7530
Photo of Lauren Rutledge
Lauren Rutledge
Resident in Counseling
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Christiansburg, VA 24073  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with adolescents, young adults, and adults. With my clients, I enjoy working with the following issues: depression, anxiety, substance use, PTSD, academic issues, and life transition and planning. I also enjoy working with motivated parents to explore healthy parenting tools and techniques that enable deep connection and emotional wellness with their children.
I enjoy working with adolescents, young adults, and adults. With my clients, I enjoy working with the following issues: depression, anxiety, substance use, PTSD, academic issues, and life transition and planning. I also enjoy working with motivated parents to explore healthy parenting tools and techniques that enable deep connection and emotional wellness with their children.
(540) 329-2376 View (540) 329-2376
Photo of Johanna Jones, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Johanna Jones
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Blacksburg, VA 24060
Johanna Jones is a Licensed Professional Counselor with a focus on adults, and she has a special place in her heart for LGBTQ populations, the mentally ill, and those who identify with Asperger's Syndrome.
Johanna Jones is a Licensed Professional Counselor with a focus on adults, and she has a special place in her heart for LGBTQ populations, the mentally ill, and those who identify with Asperger's Syndrome.
(540) 299-1574 View (540) 299-1574
Photo of Monica Swann, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Monica Swann
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Galax, VA 24333
There are times in our journey where we stop and ask ourselves, “how did I get here?”. As people, we are constantly exploring our growth edges and trying to adapt to the challenges and changes in our lives. Navigating those changes on our own may be frustrating, scary and sometimes leave us feeling unclear and hopeless. No matter where in life you are currently, there is power in asking for help. I want to walk with you to safely explore the past, learn to stay mindful in the present, and work to improve your future. Sometimes the most challenging pieces of our story simply need to be acknowledged before they can be understood.
There are times in our journey where we stop and ask ourselves, “how did I get here?”. As people, we are constantly exploring our growth edges and trying to adapt to the challenges and changes in our lives. Navigating those changes on our own may be frustrating, scary and sometimes leave us feeling unclear and hopeless. No matter where in life you are currently, there is power in asking for help. I want to walk with you to safely explore the past, learn to stay mindful in the present, and work to improve your future. Sometimes the most challenging pieces of our story simply need to be acknowledged before they can be understood.
(276) 409-8671 View (276) 409-8671

See more therapy options for Henry County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Henry County, VA

10+

Average cost per session

$82

Therapists in Henry County, VA who prioritize treating:

77% Depression
62% Anxiety
62% Coping Skills
54% Grief
46% Trauma and PTSD
46% Life Transitions
38% Divorce

Average years in practice

19 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
92% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Henry County, VA see their clients

85% In Person and Online
15% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
23% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Henry County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.