Therapists in Chesapeake City County, VA

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Photo of Maggie Wise, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAC
Maggie Wise
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAC
Online Only
I am dually licensed as a Clinical Social Worker and a Certified Substance Abuse Counselor. I have twelve years of social work experience in various avenues. I specialize in trauma, crisis management, domestic violence, anxiety, depression and substance abuse. I am trained in EMDR. I know there is not one approach for everyone, so I will work with my patients to find a treatment modality that they are comfortable with. I fully believe that everyone can achieve the quality of life that they deserve; it is my desire and passion to help them achieve that.
I am dually licensed as a Clinical Social Worker and a Certified Substance Abuse Counselor. I have twelve years of social work experience in various avenues. I specialize in trauma, crisis management, domestic violence, anxiety, depression and substance abuse. I am trained in EMDR. I know there is not one approach for everyone, so I will work with my patients to find a treatment modality that they are comfortable with. I fully believe that everyone can achieve the quality of life that they deserve; it is my desire and passion to help them achieve that.
(757) 936-7699 View (757) 936-7699
Photo of Josette M Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Josette M Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) and a Certified Substance Abuse Counselor (CSAC) in the state of Virgnia. I provide individual, couples, and family telehealth counseling services. Outpatient service offered can address mental health concerns to include depression, anxiety, behavior problems, life transitions and grief. I provide treatment services for adolescents, young adults, and families using an eclectic approach based on the unique needs of each individual.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) and a Certified Substance Abuse Counselor (CSAC) in the state of Virgnia. I provide individual, couples, and family telehealth counseling services. Outpatient service offered can address mental health concerns to include depression, anxiety, behavior problems, life transitions and grief. I provide treatment services for adolescents, young adults, and families using an eclectic approach based on the unique needs of each individual.
(757) 330-4462 View (757) 330-4462
Photo of Latoya Sherron, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Latoya Sherron
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Chesapeake, VA 23322
Book with me now by clicking on my website. Hi! I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker. I believe deeply in partnering to create goals that are important to the client and advising on the best options for achieving them. I believe firmly that the patient is the expert on their life and strive to bring my knowledge and experience to assist patients in understanding the mind-body connection. I am dedicated to breaking down the stigma around accessing care and navigating medical trauma within vulnerable populations, especially in communities of color.
Book with me now by clicking on my website. Hi! I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker. I believe deeply in partnering to create goals that are important to the client and advising on the best options for achieving them. I believe firmly that the patient is the expert on their life and strive to bring my knowledge and experience to assist patients in understanding the mind-body connection. I am dedicated to breaking down the stigma around accessing care and navigating medical trauma within vulnerable populations, especially in communities of color.
(757) 693-6599 View (757) 693-6599
Photo of Lisa Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lisa Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hi. I'm Lisa Smith, a Clinical Social Worker. I like our therapy to be a time of creating what next steps you are willing to try. Together we think of the barrier. I act as a coach for accountability with awareness of any diagnosis or past struggles you've had. I highlight your strengths and together we celebrate victories. The therapy I use is research-based. I'll show you the logic and ease of following incremental steps. I will share the traits of your personality or diagnosis that are working for or hindering progress. When plans don't work, we begin again.
Hi. I'm Lisa Smith, a Clinical Social Worker. I like our therapy to be a time of creating what next steps you are willing to try. Together we think of the barrier. I act as a coach for accountability with awareness of any diagnosis or past struggles you've had. I highlight your strengths and together we celebrate victories. The therapy I use is research-based. I'll show you the logic and ease of following incremental steps. I will share the traits of your personality or diagnosis that are working for or hindering progress. When plans don't work, we begin again.
(571) 609-4346 View (571) 609-4346
Photo of Lisa Muller, Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Lisa Muller
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Chesapeake, VA 23320
If you allow me the opportunity, I will guide you on a journey to feel purposeful, contentment, and confident. I aim to empower you but will also be realistic. It’s ok if you’re not felling ok. I understand that there will be days when it rains and days when it storms on the inside of our minds and bodies. In our work together, I hope to give you the tools to guide you through those days; the tools to help you feel prepared and confident to weather any storm. My priority is to provide you with a safe, non-judgmental space where you can be your authentic self while feeling validated and ultimately empowered.
If you allow me the opportunity, I will guide you on a journey to feel purposeful, contentment, and confident. I aim to empower you but will also be realistic. It’s ok if you’re not felling ok. I understand that there will be days when it rains and days when it storms on the inside of our minds and bodies. In our work together, I hope to give you the tools to guide you through those days; the tools to help you feel prepared and confident to weather any storm. My priority is to provide you with a safe, non-judgmental space where you can be your authentic self while feeling validated and ultimately empowered.
(757) 979-2637 View (757) 979-2637
Photo of Justine Walston, Supervisee in Clinical Social Work, MSW
Justine Walston
Supervisee in Clinical Social Work, MSW
1 Endorsed
Chesapeake, VA 23320
Are you feeling overwhelmed by the weight of relationship struggles, anxiety, or the demands of balancing motherhood, work, and your personal life? Do you find yourself stuck in patterns of self-doubt, social anxiety, or healing from past trauma? My ideal client is someone like you—ready to break free from these challenges and seeking a supportive, nonjudgmental space to heal. You need a place to process emotions, rediscover your inner strength, and set healthy boundaries. Your goal is to feel empowered, confident, and at peace with yourself and your relationships, and I’m here to help you make that transformation happen.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by the weight of relationship struggles, anxiety, or the demands of balancing motherhood, work, and your personal life? Do you find yourself stuck in patterns of self-doubt, social anxiety, or healing from past trauma? My ideal client is someone like you—ready to break free from these challenges and seeking a supportive, nonjudgmental space to heal. You need a place to process emotions, rediscover your inner strength, and set healthy boundaries. Your goal is to feel empowered, confident, and at peace with yourself and your relationships, and I’m here to help you make that transformation happen.
(757) 996-5710 View (757) 996-5710
Photo of Amanda Park, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, CSOTP, PMH-C, NCC
Amanda Park
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, CSOTP, PMH-C, NCC
Online Only
Hey there! I am Amanda Park and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I am passionate about helping women and mothers navigate life's transition, whether that be individually or within their relationships. I work with clients who are navigating the unique challenges of motherhood; from trying to conceive, through pregnancy, to the postpartum period and beyond. My goal is to create a safe, supportive and RELAXED environment where women come just as they are (messy buns and all) and feel heard, validated, and empowered. This is a judgement free zone, ladies!
Hey there! I am Amanda Park and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. I am passionate about helping women and mothers navigate life's transition, whether that be individually or within their relationships. I work with clients who are navigating the unique challenges of motherhood; from trying to conceive, through pregnancy, to the postpartum period and beyond. My goal is to create a safe, supportive and RELAXED environment where women come just as they are (messy buns and all) and feel heard, validated, and empowered. This is a judgement free zone, ladies!
(757) 568-7060 View (757) 568-7060
Photo of Alyce Oxton, Pre-Licensed Professional
Alyce Oxton
Pre-Licensed Professional
Chesapeake, VA 23321
I am a Resident in Counseling who specializes in helping clients of all ages to help clients handle past and current trauma, life-altering events, and daily struggles. Working together with the client to achieve their goals and find enjoyment in daily life. I like to help the client realize their potential and achieve a feeling of fulfillment in their lives.
I am a Resident in Counseling who specializes in helping clients of all ages to help clients handle past and current trauma, life-altering events, and daily struggles. Working together with the client to achieve their goals and find enjoyment in daily life. I like to help the client realize their potential and achieve a feeling of fulfillment in their lives.
(757) 695-9176 View (757) 695-9176
Photo of André Allen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, QMHP-C
André Allen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, QMHP-C
Online Only
As an African American male mental health professional, my passion lies in providing culturally sensitive and affirming care to disadvantaged-minority-adolescent populations struggling with mental health issues. I firmly believe that every individual deserves access to quality mental health services, regardless of background or socioeconomic status. Having grown up in a community that faced many mental health challenges, I understand firsthand the unique struggles that individuals from minority communities face when seeking mental health support. I strive to create a safe and supportive environment for disadvantaged households!
As an African American male mental health professional, my passion lies in providing culturally sensitive and affirming care to disadvantaged-minority-adolescent populations struggling with mental health issues. I firmly believe that every individual deserves access to quality mental health services, regardless of background or socioeconomic status. Having grown up in a community that faced many mental health challenges, I understand firsthand the unique struggles that individuals from minority communities face when seeking mental health support. I strive to create a safe and supportive environment for disadvantaged households!
(757) 571-8621 View (757) 571-8621
Photo of Kelly S Fuller - Kelly Fuller MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Kelly Fuller MS, LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Chesapeake, VA 23320
Waitlist for new clients
I see individuals (adults), both men and women, and couples. I specialize in treatment for depression, anxiety disorders, grief, women's issues, life transitions, and marital issues.
I see individuals (adults), both men and women, and couples. I specialize in treatment for depression, anxiety disorders, grief, women's issues, life transitions, and marital issues.
(757) 349-8616 View (757) 349-8616
Photo of Neda Lopez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAC
Neda Lopez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAC
2 Endorsed
Chesapeake, VA 23320
Not accepting new clients
Every person has worth, purpose and the skills they need to overcome the barriers in their life. I believe individuals have great capacity for resiliency, strength, hope and courage. Are you having difficulty seeing these characteristics in yourself? Does life have you feeling upside down? With 20 years of experience, I assist children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families to heal from symptoms of mental illness, trauma, addiction, relationship discord, parenting, anxiety, low self-esteem, life transitions, and grief and loss. Today is the right time for a better you.
Every person has worth, purpose and the skills they need to overcome the barriers in their life. I believe individuals have great capacity for resiliency, strength, hope and courage. Are you having difficulty seeing these characteristics in yourself? Does life have you feeling upside down? With 20 years of experience, I assist children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families to heal from symptoms of mental illness, trauma, addiction, relationship discord, parenting, anxiety, low self-esteem, life transitions, and grief and loss. Today is the right time for a better you.
(757) 992-9682 View (757) 992-9682
Photo of Kari Young, Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Kari Young
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Chesapeake, VA 23320
As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I desire for all of my clients to find healing, freedom and hope: healing from their current or past trauma, freedom from the pain of their experiences, and hope for their future. With my clients, I take a collaborative approach and utilize evidence-based practices such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR).  It is a privilege to use my education and experience to work with individuals (adults, adolescents, children) and couples.
As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I desire for all of my clients to find healing, freedom and hope: healing from their current or past trauma, freedom from the pain of their experiences, and hope for their future. With my clients, I take a collaborative approach and utilize evidence-based practices such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR).  It is a privilege to use my education and experience to work with individuals (adults, adolescents, children) and couples.
(757) 798-8909 View (757) 798-8909
Photo of Elana Sowers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Elana Sowers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I am Elana Sowers, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with over 10 years of experience working with a diverse range of clients, including children (ages birth to 12), adults, couples, families, and people who identify as LGBTQ+. I specialize in treating concerns or conditions related to difficult life transitions, domestic violence, parenting difficulties, family conflict, sexual assault, grief, stress, loss, low self-esteem, depression, and more. I earned my Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology from the State University of New York College-Brockport and my Master of Social Work from the State University of New York-Albany.
I am Elana Sowers, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with over 10 years of experience working with a diverse range of clients, including children (ages birth to 12), adults, couples, families, and people who identify as LGBTQ+. I specialize in treating concerns or conditions related to difficult life transitions, domestic violence, parenting difficulties, family conflict, sexual assault, grief, stress, loss, low self-esteem, depression, and more. I earned my Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology from the State University of New York College-Brockport and my Master of Social Work from the State University of New York-Albany.
(757) 821-6908 View (757) 821-6908
Photo of Tredella Hall, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, LSATP, CCATP, CCTP
Tredella Hall
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, LSATP, CCATP, CCTP
1 Endorsed
Chesapeake, VA 23321
As a Licensed Professional Counselor and Licensed Substance Abuse Treatment Provider, my goal is to assist you in enhancing your overall ability to cope with stressors, increase self-awareness, and enhance resiliency. By utilizing an integrated approach we will work together as I aide you in establishing and maintaining relationships, utilizing refusal and coping skills in an effort to elicit behavioral change. "The secret to change is to focus all of your energy, not on fighting the old, but on building the new". -Dan Millman
As a Licensed Professional Counselor and Licensed Substance Abuse Treatment Provider, my goal is to assist you in enhancing your overall ability to cope with stressors, increase self-awareness, and enhance resiliency. By utilizing an integrated approach we will work together as I aide you in establishing and maintaining relationships, utilizing refusal and coping skills in an effort to elicit behavioral change. "The secret to change is to focus all of your energy, not on fighting the old, but on building the new". -Dan Millman
(757) 693-4191 View (757) 693-4191
Photo of Susan Garnett, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS , LPC , ATR-BC
Susan Garnett
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS , LPC , ATR-BC
1 Endorsed
Chesapeake, VA 23321
Not accepting new clients
Encouraging heart and mind to work together through experiential and non-verbal therapies is my passion. I believe in the healing properties of the creative process and I work to create safe spaces for people to explore their own creative process and experience the benefits of relationship and connection. Possible benefits could include promoting feelings of joy and well-being, increasing self-confidence and courage, learning alternative ways to express thoughts and feelings, promoting empathy, and fostering insight to help move toward change.
Encouraging heart and mind to work together through experiential and non-verbal therapies is my passion. I believe in the healing properties of the creative process and I work to create safe spaces for people to explore their own creative process and experience the benefits of relationship and connection. Possible benefits could include promoting feelings of joy and well-being, increasing self-confidence and courage, learning alternative ways to express thoughts and feelings, promoting empathy, and fostering insight to help move toward change.
(757) 996-5485 View (757) 996-5485
Photo of Kerry Maldiner, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Kerry Maldiner
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Chesapeake, VA 23320
I have worked with military members and their families for over twenty years. I have extensive experience with deployment, reunification, domestic violence, child abuse, childhood trauma, military trauma, addictions, depression and anxiety. I also work with couples who believe that participating in counseling is their last resort; issues with parenting children with challenging behaviors and adolescents that are having difficulties with socially interacting.
I have worked with military members and their families for over twenty years. I have extensive experience with deployment, reunification, domestic violence, child abuse, childhood trauma, military trauma, addictions, depression and anxiety. I also work with couples who believe that participating in counseling is their last resort; issues with parenting children with challenging behaviors and adolescents that are having difficulties with socially interacting.
(757) 703-2364 View (757) 703-2364
Photo of Stephanie Seaton
Stephanie Seaton
Verified Verified
Chesapeake, VA 23320
I have been where you are. Scrolling through a website, desperate for help, looking for a kind face and someone available. You have done the first step. You started looking. I hope you are proud of yourself for seeking support. 
Because I understand the need, I decided to pursue this field and become the person I wanted to see when scrolling through this page. As a student at the College of William & Mary, I'm currently working under the supervision of experienced mental health professionals at Coastal Virginia Counseling. I believe in a client-centered approach, meaning I prioritize your unique experiences, values, and goals.
I have been where you are. Scrolling through a website, desperate for help, looking for a kind face and someone available. You have done the first step. You started looking. I hope you are proud of yourself for seeking support. 
Because I understand the need, I decided to pursue this field and become the person I wanted to see when scrolling through this page. As a student at the College of William & Mary, I'm currently working under the supervision of experienced mental health professionals at Coastal Virginia Counseling. I believe in a client-centered approach, meaning I prioritize your unique experiences, values, and goals.
(757) 697-0987 View (757) 697-0987
Photo of Brittany Davis, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Brittany Davis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Chesapeake, VA 23320
Brittany Davis is a Licensed Professional Counselor and Certified Substance Abuse Counselor, who has been practicing since 2016. She graduated from Regent University with a Master's Degree focusing on Clinical and Mental Health Counseling. Brittany believes in treating the entire individual: emotionally, physically, and spiritually to resolve core issues and promote growth, healing, and well-being. Her main areas of focus include trauma, substance use, depression, and anxiety.
Brittany Davis is a Licensed Professional Counselor and Certified Substance Abuse Counselor, who has been practicing since 2016. She graduated from Regent University with a Master's Degree focusing on Clinical and Mental Health Counseling. Brittany believes in treating the entire individual: emotionally, physically, and spiritually to resolve core issues and promote growth, healing, and well-being. Her main areas of focus include trauma, substance use, depression, and anxiety.
(757) 210-7290 View (757) 210-7290
Photo of Denise L Simpson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LCSW
Denise L Simpson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LCSW
4 Endorsed
Chesapeake, VA 23320
It is my desire to assist and guide the individual that is ready to work on their healing process and move forward in life. I work best with the individual that is ready to say "I am vulnerable, but I am ready to do the work so I can live my best life." This may be a child or teenager struggling with depression, anxiety, or self-harm or the single mother trying to keep it together, the women who just got divorced and is trying to move forward, the African American male/female that simply feels misunderstood, the person of faith that's struggling, or the one who has challenges within their relationships.
It is my desire to assist and guide the individual that is ready to work on their healing process and move forward in life. I work best with the individual that is ready to say "I am vulnerable, but I am ready to do the work so I can live my best life." This may be a child or teenager struggling with depression, anxiety, or self-harm or the single mother trying to keep it together, the women who just got divorced and is trying to move forward, the African American male/female that simply feels misunderstood, the person of faith that's struggling, or the one who has challenges within their relationships.
(757) 356-6067 View (757) 356-6067
Photo of Dr. LaShawn Gooden, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. LaShawn Gooden
Psychologist, PsyD
Online Only
Does life feel challenging right now? Do you feel stressed, overwhelmed or anxious? Are you trying to find the path forward but having difficulty? If any of these sentiments resonate with you, I'm here for you. I am a military veteran with experience working with several concerns, but the most common include: anxiety, depression, confidence/self-esteem, relational problems, life transitions, and identity exploration. I want to support you on your wellness journey. I am able to provide interjurisdictional telehealth in 42 states.
Does life feel challenging right now? Do you feel stressed, overwhelmed or anxious? Are you trying to find the path forward but having difficulty? If any of these sentiments resonate with you, I'm here for you. I am a military veteran with experience working with several concerns, but the most common include: anxiety, depression, confidence/self-esteem, relational problems, life transitions, and identity exploration. I want to support you on your wellness journey. I am able to provide interjurisdictional telehealth in 42 states.
(757) 505-7702 View (757) 505-7702

See more therapy options for Chesapeake City County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chesapeake City County, VA

800+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Chesapeake City County, VA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
90% Depression
72% Stress
70% Trauma and PTSD
65% Relationship Issues
64% Coping Skills
64% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% Aetna
80% Anthem
79% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Chesapeake City County, VA see their clients

52% Online Only
48% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

86% Female
13% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chesapeake City County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.