Addiction Therapists in Buckingham County, VA

Photo of Jonda Fricchione, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jonda Fricchione
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I strive to create a safe and welcoming environment that allows clients to explore obstacles with concerns related to anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD and addiction as well as couples with concerns related to their relationship.
Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Virginia. I love working with couples experiencing relationship issues; veterans and individuals who need guidance managing their symptoms of anxiety, depression, trauma and PTSD and those struggling with addiction. I am a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional (CCTP) as well as DBT certified. I want to take a moment to acknowledge your first step towards this empowering, confusing and possibly scary journey towards bettering your mental health.
I strive to create a safe and welcoming environment that allows clients to explore obstacles with concerns related to anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD and addiction as well as couples with concerns related to their relationship.
Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Virginia. I love working with couples experiencing relationship issues; veterans and individuals who need guidance managing their symptoms of anxiety, depression, trauma and PTSD and those struggling with addiction. I am a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional (CCTP) as well as DBT certified. I want to take a moment to acknowledge your first step towards this empowering, confusing and possibly scary journey towards bettering your mental health.
(804) 374-9833 View (804) 374-9833
Photo of Stuart Gunter, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Stuart Gunter
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I have experience working with children, adolescents, young adults, and older adults. While I use a variety of approaches (including AEDP, Existential Theory, Attachment Theory, EFT, and DBT), ultimately I like to let our work together inform which approach suits our time best. I am knowledgeable about trauma-informed practice and bring a lot of my own life experiences into the sessions, through my work as a teacher, professional firefighter, and professionaI musician.
I have experience working with children, adolescents, young adults, and older adults. While I use a variety of approaches (including AEDP, Existential Theory, Attachment Theory, EFT, and DBT), ultimately I like to let our work together inform which approach suits our time best. I am knowledgeable about trauma-informed practice and bring a lot of my own life experiences into the sessions, through my work as a teacher, professional firefighter, and professionaI musician.
(434) 216-6343 View (434) 216-6343
Photo of Jonathan Maurer, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Jonathan Maurer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
My name is Jonathan Maurer. I have been working in a psychiatric hospital with suicidal, psychotic, homicidal, and aggressive kids and their parents for the last 3 years. I enjoy learning about the experience of the human story.
My name is Jonathan Maurer. I have been working in a psychiatric hospital with suicidal, psychotic, homicidal, and aggressive kids and their parents for the last 3 years. I enjoy learning about the experience of the human story.
(804) 376-5072 View (804) 376-5072

Online Therapists

Photo of David N. Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
David N. Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Chester, VA 23831
This may show up as depression (recent or lasting a long time), job dissatisfaction, chronic anxiety, no joy in living, thoughts of suicide, alcohol/ drug addiction, loneliness, isolation, social anxiety, relationship difficulties, panic attacks and identity problems.
I am a psychotherapist with 35 years providing clinical services to adolescents (16+) and adults. My practice is located in the town of Chester. I provide individual therapy. I offer day, evening and weekend appointments, and I generally can see patients within 24 - 72 hours. I provide services that are affordable and convenient. Feel free to call or email me with any questions. My work is especially suited for individuals who are on a path of self-actualization—those who sense there is more to life than simply coping, and who want to live with greater authenticity, freedom, and connection.
This may show up as depression (recent or lasting a long time), job dissatisfaction, chronic anxiety, no joy in living, thoughts of suicide, alcohol/ drug addiction, loneliness, isolation, social anxiety, relationship difficulties, panic attacks and identity problems.
I am a psychotherapist with 35 years providing clinical services to adolescents (16+) and adults. My practice is located in the town of Chester. I provide individual therapy. I offer day, evening and weekend appointments, and I generally can see patients within 24 - 72 hours. I provide services that are affordable and convenient. Feel free to call or email me with any questions. My work is especially suited for individuals who are on a path of self-actualization—those who sense there is more to life than simply coping, and who want to live with greater authenticity, freedom, and connection.
(804) 214-2684 View (804) 214-2684
Photo of Andrea Shipley, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Andrea Shipley
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
4 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you a helper, healer, or purpose-driven professional struggling with anxiety, depression, or overwhelm? Maybe you've been through trauma, spiritual awakening, or a life transition that left you questioning what matters now. I work with people (often people-pleasers) who want to process what's happened, manage the anxiety and emotional weight that comes with it, and find more alignment between their inner life and their daily life. Using EMDR, IFS, somatic approaches, and mindfulness, I help you move forward with more clarity, steadiness, and self-trust. Private pay: $250/session. Limited sliding scale. Consultations available.
Are you a helper, healer, or purpose-driven professional struggling with anxiety, depression, or overwhelm? Maybe you've been through trauma, spiritual awakening, or a life transition that left you questioning what matters now. I work with people (often people-pleasers) who want to process what's happened, manage the anxiety and emotional weight that comes with it, and find more alignment between their inner life and their daily life. Using EMDR, IFS, somatic approaches, and mindfulness, I help you move forward with more clarity, steadiness, and self-trust. Private pay: $250/session. Limited sliding scale. Consultations available.
(804) 331-2930 View (804) 331-2930
Photo of Stacey Philpot, LPC, NCC, CRC, CCTP-II
Stacey Philpot
Verified Verified
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
My experience includes work with children, adolescents, and adults who have experienced a range of challenges including complex trauma, grief, mood and anxiety disorders, behavioral issues, addiction, and psychosis.
Finding a therapist can be a daunting task and I am happy to answer questions along the way that might help you through the process. Joining with clients embarking on a path towards wholeness is one of my greatest joys! I use both values-based and strengths-based approaches, which allow me to meet you where you are and build a relationship while addressing your goals. I weave in CBT techniques, motivational interviewing skills, and humanistic interventions to help you move forward on your path. It is my hope that each individual I work with will find greater health and wholeness as we work together through their therapeutic journey.
My experience includes work with children, adolescents, and adults who have experienced a range of challenges including complex trauma, grief, mood and anxiety disorders, behavioral issues, addiction, and psychosis.
Finding a therapist can be a daunting task and I am happy to answer questions along the way that might help you through the process. Joining with clients embarking on a path towards wholeness is one of my greatest joys! I use both values-based and strengths-based approaches, which allow me to meet you where you are and build a relationship while addressing your goals. I weave in CBT techniques, motivational interviewing skills, and humanistic interventions to help you move forward on your path. It is my hope that each individual I work with will find greater health and wholeness as we work together through their therapeutic journey.
(571) 601-2269 View (571) 601-2269
Photo of Sara Ann Miller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sara Ann Miller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Child Welfare, Addiction in the Family, Family Relationships, and Employment.
Do you want to increase your happiness? My life’s work has been researching ways to overcome challenges and change and sharing those modalities with others. University of Pennsylvania traditionally trained. Trauma Specialization. 25 year Child Welfare Public Servant.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Child Welfare, Addiction in the Family, Family Relationships, and Employment.
Do you want to increase your happiness? My life’s work has been researching ways to overcome challenges and change and sharing those modalities with others. University of Pennsylvania traditionally trained. Trauma Specialization. 25 year Child Welfare Public Servant.
(434) 208-2162 View (434) 208-2162
Photo of Alexis Bahnmaier - Thriveworks Counseling &Psychiatry Charlottesville, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
(434) 226-7573 View (434) 226-7573
Photo of Lisa Whitten, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Lisa Whitten
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a pre-licensed professional with significant experience in various treatment settings, including prisons, foster care, substance use treatment, and survivors of sexual abuse and intimate partner violence.
I specialize in helping survivors of childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence reclaim their sense of safety, self-worth, and empowerment. I understand how early and ongoing trauma can deeply affect self-esteem, relationships, and emotional well-being. I am especially passionate about helping those who feel stuck in cycles of shame, anxiety, or self-doubt find clarity and relief. With over a decade of experience, I’ve supported clients from many different walks of life to find healing.
I am a pre-licensed professional with significant experience in various treatment settings, including prisons, foster care, substance use treatment, and survivors of sexual abuse and intimate partner violence.
I specialize in helping survivors of childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence reclaim their sense of safety, self-worth, and empowerment. I understand how early and ongoing trauma can deeply affect self-esteem, relationships, and emotional well-being. I am especially passionate about helping those who feel stuck in cycles of shame, anxiety, or self-doubt find clarity and relief. With over a decade of experience, I’ve supported clients from many different walks of life to find healing.
(571) 583-5766 View (571) 583-5766
Photo of Deborah Hall Berkley, Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD
Deborah Hall Berkley
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD
Drakes Branch, VA 23937
Hello, and welcome. My name is Deborah Berkley, and I have provided mental health services as a Licensed Professional Counselor for 30 years. During these years, I have been privileged to work with children, adolescents, and adults in the school, outpatient, clinic, and community settings. As a clinician, I believe the therapeutic relationship to be sacred, and have the utmost respect for anyone seeking mental health support. Afterall, it takes great courage to walk through those doors or make that call, and that courage must be valued.
Hello, and welcome. My name is Deborah Berkley, and I have provided mental health services as a Licensed Professional Counselor for 30 years. During these years, I have been privileged to work with children, adolescents, and adults in the school, outpatient, clinic, and community settings. As a clinician, I believe the therapeutic relationship to be sacred, and have the utmost respect for anyone seeking mental health support. Afterall, it takes great courage to walk through those doors or make that call, and that courage must be valued.
(434) 623-5213 View (434) 623-5213
Photo of Logan Clark Taylor, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSOTP, MA
Logan Clark Taylor
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSOTP, MA
2 Endorsed
Woodbridge, VA 22192
I have worked extensively with adolescents and adults on issues such as anxiety, depression, anger management, substance abuse, sexual offending, and suicidal ideation.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and a Certified Sex Offender Treatment Provider (CSOTP) in the state of Virginia. In 2017 I graduated from Marymount University in Arlington, Virginia with two master’s degrees in Forensic Psychology and Clinical Mental Health Counseling. I have worked in private practice for the past seven years.
I have worked extensively with adolescents and adults on issues such as anxiety, depression, anger management, substance abuse, sexual offending, and suicidal ideation.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and a Certified Sex Offender Treatment Provider (CSOTP) in the state of Virginia. In 2017 I graduated from Marymount University in Arlington, Virginia with two master’s degrees in Forensic Psychology and Clinical Mental Health Counseling. I have worked in private practice for the past seven years.
(571) 410-3165 View (571) 410-3165
Photo of Mark Murphy, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CSOTP, CSSBB
Mark Murphy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CSOTP, CSSBB
Midlothian, VA 23113
I help clients work through everything from problems adjusting to new challenges to longstanding issues of depression, anxiety, trauma, and addiction.
I provide clinically sound Christian and traditional counseling. I use cognitive and cognitive behavioral therapies to help people better understand how life events have impacted them and make changes accordingly. I also offer Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) or "Tapping". I find EFT to be very helpful with trauma, anxiety, or deep-seated issues.
I help clients work through everything from problems adjusting to new challenges to longstanding issues of depression, anxiety, trauma, and addiction.
I provide clinically sound Christian and traditional counseling. I use cognitive and cognitive behavioral therapies to help people better understand how life events have impacted them and make changes accordingly. I also offer Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) or "Tapping". I find EFT to be very helpful with trauma, anxiety, or deep-seated issues.
(804) 376-5028 View (804) 376-5028
Photo of Jeff Rocker - Rocker Health LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, PH.D, NCC, LPC, LMHC, LCPC
Rocker Health LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, PH.D, NCC, LPC, LMHC, LCPC
Richmond, VA 23230
At Rocker Health, we believe that mental wellness is a journey that deserves compassion, understanding, and personalized support. Our commitment to breaking the stigma surrounding mental health is at the forefront of everything we do. We understand that each individual's experience with mental health is unique, and we strive to create a welcoming environment where individuals feel safe and empowered to share their stories. Our mission is to provide a rock-solid foundation for our clients, guiding them toward a more fulfilling and balanced life.
At Rocker Health, we believe that mental wellness is a journey that deserves compassion, understanding, and personalized support. Our commitment to breaking the stigma surrounding mental health is at the forefront of everything we do. We understand that each individual's experience with mental health is unique, and we strive to create a welcoming environment where individuals feel safe and empowered to share their stories. Our mission is to provide a rock-solid foundation for our clients, guiding them toward a more fulfilling and balanced life.
(804) 623-4162 View (804) 623-4162
Photo of Justyna Rzewinski - Justice Journey Wellness, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD (c), LCSW
Justice Journey Wellness, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD (c), LCSW
Online Only
Justice Journey Wellness is a therapy practice dedicated to supporting individuals impacted by the criminal legal system. Our priority is to create a safe, welcoming, and non-judgmental space where you are seen as a whole person, not defined by charges, convictions, or system involvement. We understand how incarceration, supervision, and reentry can affect mental health, identity, and relationships. Our approach is trauma-informed, compassionate, and collaborative, grounded in honoring your lived experience and resilience. We walk alongside you as you navigate reentry, probation or parole, and family reunification.
Justice Journey Wellness is a therapy practice dedicated to supporting individuals impacted by the criminal legal system. Our priority is to create a safe, welcoming, and non-judgmental space where you are seen as a whole person, not defined by charges, convictions, or system involvement. We understand how incarceration, supervision, and reentry can affect mental health, identity, and relationships. Our approach is trauma-informed, compassionate, and collaborative, grounded in honoring your lived experience and resilience. We walk alongside you as you navigate reentry, probation or parole, and family reunification.
(929) 416-3926 View (929) 416-3926
Photo of Bethany Steele - Impact Living Services, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Impact Living Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
1 Endorsed
Forest, VA 24551
Counseling with Impact can include specialized therapy for children, adolescents, and families, support for emotional and mental well-being, personal development and growth, addiction and recovery Support, and therapeutic approaches such as EMDR and play therapy, where available.
No two clients—and no two communities—are exactly alike. At Impact Living Services, we tailor each counseling location to meet the specific mental health needs of the community it serves. Our commitment to high-quality, evidence-based care remains consistent across every office. We believe effective therapy starts with well-supported clinicians. That’s why we invest in ongoing training, clinical supervision, and specialized treatment tools to ensure our counselors provide compassionate, results-driven care. We. doesn’t just listen—we help you build practical skills that create meaning, lasting change.
Counseling with Impact can include specialized therapy for children, adolescents, and families, support for emotional and mental well-being, personal development and growth, addiction and recovery Support, and therapeutic approaches such as EMDR and play therapy, where available.
No two clients—and no two communities—are exactly alike. At Impact Living Services, we tailor each counseling location to meet the specific mental health needs of the community it serves. Our commitment to high-quality, evidence-based care remains consistent across every office. We believe effective therapy starts with well-supported clinicians. That’s why we invest in ongoing training, clinical supervision, and specialized treatment tools to ensure our counselors provide compassionate, results-driven care. We. doesn’t just listen—we help you build practical skills that create meaning, lasting change.
(434) 280-3093 View (434) 280-3093
Photo of Debbie Allen - Betrayal Trauma Recovery, Sex & Porn Addiction
Are you struggling with betrayal trauma, sex addiction, porn addiction, infidelity, loss of trust & intimacy in your relationship, narcissistic abuse and/or coercive control.
I completed my education with The International Institute for Trauma & Addiction Professionals as a Sex Addiction Therapist & Partner Trauma Therapist. This level of education is rare & the most in-depth & highest training currently available to therapists for the treatment of Betrayal Trauma, Sex Addiction & Multiple Addictions.
Are you struggling with betrayal trauma, sex addiction, porn addiction, infidelity, loss of trust & intimacy in your relationship, narcissistic abuse and/or coercive control.
I completed my education with The International Institute for Trauma & Addiction Professionals as a Sex Addiction Therapist & Partner Trauma Therapist. This level of education is rare & the most in-depth & highest training currently available to therapists for the treatment of Betrayal Trauma, Sex Addiction & Multiple Addictions.
(804) 251-3198 View (804) 251-3198
Photo of Nazli Tavarez, Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC, NCC
Nazli Tavarez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC, NCC
Online Only
Living between cultures, expectations, or identities can create quiet pressures that many people carry alone. Adults often reach out when grief, relationship strain, identity questions, or emotional overwhelm begin affecting daily life. I work with individuals navigating immigration experiences, cultural identity, family expectations, loss, and major life transitions. Therapy offers a space to slow down, make sense of what you’ve been carrying, and reconnect with your values so life feels more grounded, authentic, and emotionally balanced.
Living between cultures, expectations, or identities can create quiet pressures that many people carry alone. Adults often reach out when grief, relationship strain, identity questions, or emotional overwhelm begin affecting daily life. I work with individuals navigating immigration experiences, cultural identity, family expectations, loss, and major life transitions. Therapy offers a space to slow down, make sense of what you’ve been carrying, and reconnect with your values so life feels more grounded, authentic, and emotionally balanced.
(571) 202-6758 View (571) 202-6758
Photo of Christopher Roundtree, Psychologist, PhD
Christopher Roundtree
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Online Only
• My ideal client is someone who feels weighed down by life—whether that is depression, anxiety, trauma, or substance use—and is ready to take steps toward change, even if they’re unsure where to begin.
I help adults facing depression, anxiety, and life stressors by creating a supportive, collaborative space for growth. Using evidence-based approaches such as ACT and CBT, I focus on building coping skills and reducing symptoms. I also have experience with substance use concerns that may arise alongside mood or anxiety issues.
• My ideal client is someone who feels weighed down by life—whether that is depression, anxiety, trauma, or substance use—and is ready to take steps toward change, even if they’re unsure where to begin.
I help adults facing depression, anxiety, and life stressors by creating a supportive, collaborative space for growth. Using evidence-based approaches such as ACT and CBT, I focus on building coping skills and reducing symptoms. I also have experience with substance use concerns that may arise alongside mood or anxiety issues.
(804) 506-0561 View (804) 506-0561
Photo of Whitney Smallwood, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CCTP
Whitney Smallwood
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CCTP
Online Only
My mission is to provide compassionate, goal-focused therapy that empowers individuals, couples, and families to heal from trauma, overcome addiction, and navigate life’s challenges.
I specialize in trauma, addiction, couples, and family counseling through structured therapy to help clients heal and grow. I integrate different modalities to support emotional regulation, relapse prevention, grief processing, and relationship repair. My approach fosters resilience, connection, and long-term well-being for individuals and families.
My mission is to provide compassionate, goal-focused therapy that empowers individuals, couples, and families to heal from trauma, overcome addiction, and navigate life’s challenges.
I specialize in trauma, addiction, couples, and family counseling through structured therapy to help clients heal and grow. I integrate different modalities to support emotional regulation, relapse prevention, grief processing, and relationship repair. My approach fosters resilience, connection, and long-term well-being for individuals and families.
(434) 337-5398 View (434) 337-5398
Photo of Joshua Brooks, Licensed Professional Counselor, MACL
Joshua Brooks
Licensed Professional Counselor, MACL
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I've pursued specialized training in Play Therapy, treatment for Anxiety and Depression, Anger Management, Substance Use, and topics of Gender, Identity, and LGBTQ topics.
If your schedule is packed or you’d rather not add a commute, online therapy can make getting support feel more realistic. I work with adults who are used to pushing through, balancing work, responsibilities, and expectations, while feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or constantly in their own head. You might look like you have it together, but inside feel stressed, disconnected, or unsure how to break out of the same patterns. Therapy can be a space to slow things down, make sense of what’s been building, and start moving in a different direction.
I've pursued specialized training in Play Therapy, treatment for Anxiety and Depression, Anger Management, Substance Use, and topics of Gender, Identity, and LGBTQ topics.
If your schedule is packed or you’d rather not add a commute, online therapy can make getting support feel more realistic. I work with adults who are used to pushing through, balancing work, responsibilities, and expectations, while feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or constantly in their own head. You might look like you have it together, but inside feel stressed, disconnected, or unsure how to break out of the same patterns. Therapy can be a space to slow things down, make sense of what’s been building, and start moving in a different direction.
(804) 251-3294 x101 View (804) 251-3294 x101

See more therapy options for Buckingham County

Addiction Therapists
What is the best therapy for addiction?
Addiction treatment will be tailored to the individual. People seeking help for addiction—whether with a psychotherapist, in an outpatient clinic, or in a residential program—should expect to engage in multiple types of treatments, sometimes including medication. For anyone recovering from addiction, avoiding situations in which one has typically used a substance is essential, as is the support of close connections. Since substance use disorders tend to co-occur with underlying mental health conditions such as anxiety or depression, those must also be addressed as part of any recovery plan.

How long does therapy for addiction take?
There is no set timeline for recovery from addiction. Patients and their families should expect the work to last several months, if not longer. Residential treatment programs may be based on a stay of 30, 60, or 90 days, with continuing work after release, but only about 1 percent of people are treated in such facilities. Ceasing use is just the first step; therapy to help maintain abstinence and effect behavior change must follow. The process of recovery, neuroscience has shown, involves brain cells recovering the capacity to respond to natural sources of reward and restore control over the impulse to use. Another definition of recovery is restoring voluntary control over one’s substance use and retaking all of one’s previous responsibilities.

How effective is drug addiction treatment?
Substance use disorders are treatable and remission is achievable for many who seek recovery; by some estimates, more than three-quarters of people who become addicted to alcohol or drugs recover. But that success rarely occurs quickly or on a set timeline; relapse is not only common, but many therapists and clinicians view it as a normal part of the process—not always a sign that a person has returned to addiction, but a signal that their treatment should be adjusted to help them regain control. Overall, research suggests, five years after the end of substance use, one’s risk of relapse is no greater than that of others who had not faced addiction. Other experts believe that complete abstinence is not the only measure of recovery, and that, through effective treatment, many people can learn to control their use.

How can you get addiction treatment for someone?
The most important factor in recovery from addiction is widely understood to be an individual’s commitment to change. For that reason,“interventions” in which friends and family gather to urge or force someone to begin immediate treatment often backfire; even when such efforts do lead someone to begin treatment, they may be less likely to stay than those who are self-driven. Still, family members can play an important role in supporting an individual who seeks help and can take part in family therapy as one element of a loved one’s treatment.