Therapists in Alexandria, VA

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Photo of Kimberly Snead-McDaniel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kimberly Snead-McDaniel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Online Only
Hi! I'm Kimberly McDaniel, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who strives to provide services that promote individual growth and mental health. I offer both in-person and telehealth services. I understand that each client I work with is unique, influenced by their culture, family, values and beliefs, and personal identity. I strive to honor and respect the uniqueness of each person she treats. I provide mental health services for individuals, families, and couples. I aim to provide a confidential space to help you and your family find a positive path to growth and well-being. You are encouraged to actively participate
Hi! I'm Kimberly McDaniel, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who strives to provide services that promote individual growth and mental health. I offer both in-person and telehealth services. I understand that each client I work with is unique, influenced by their culture, family, values and beliefs, and personal identity. I strive to honor and respect the uniqueness of each person she treats. I provide mental health services for individuals, families, and couples. I aim to provide a confidential space to help you and your family find a positive path to growth and well-being. You are encouraged to actively participate
(434) 474-1409 View (434) 474-1409
Photo of Margarita Zwisler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Margarita Zwisler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Online Only
I provide a safe, warm, healing, and nonjudgmental environment, where clients are met where they are to achieve healing. Folks will learn and develop coping skills to manage strong emotions, as well as work collaboratively to set goals. I desire to empower clients to feel confident, live mindfully, and achieve meaningful lives.
I provide a safe, warm, healing, and nonjudgmental environment, where clients are met where they are to achieve healing. Folks will learn and develop coping skills to manage strong emotions, as well as work collaboratively to set goals. I desire to empower clients to feel confident, live mindfully, and achieve meaningful lives.
(240) 817-2736 View (240) 817-2736
Photo of Kathleen Gordon-Granado, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCATP
Kathleen Gordon-Granado
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCATP
Online Only
I specialize in helping people who struggle with symptoms of depression, anxiety and difficult life transitions. I have received my certification as an Anxiety Treatment Professional and have significant experience assisting people who are experiencing life altering phobias. In my 20-year career working as a therapist, one thing that has remained consistent is that people I work with are desiring to experience some form of positive change in their lives and be able to live their lives without anxiety or depressive symptoms holding them back.
I specialize in helping people who struggle with symptoms of depression, anxiety and difficult life transitions. I have received my certification as an Anxiety Treatment Professional and have significant experience assisting people who are experiencing life altering phobias. In my 20-year career working as a therapist, one thing that has remained consistent is that people I work with are desiring to experience some form of positive change in their lives and be able to live their lives without anxiety or depressive symptoms holding them back.
(571) 556-9076 x1 View (571) 556-9076 x1
Nicole Hargraves
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Are you seeking to make life changes and fulfill a positive beginning? My mission is to empower and guide individuals through life transitions. My dedication to counseling is creating a safe and a supportive therapeutic environment for individuals to express their thoughts and feelings in addition to establishing a collaborative therapeutic relationship. My commitment to understanding and addressing the diverse needs of individuals reflects the compassion that I have for mental health and the emotional well-being of others.
Are you seeking to make life changes and fulfill a positive beginning? My mission is to empower and guide individuals through life transitions. My dedication to counseling is creating a safe and a supportive therapeutic environment for individuals to express their thoughts and feelings in addition to establishing a collaborative therapeutic relationship. My commitment to understanding and addressing the diverse needs of individuals reflects the compassion that I have for mental health and the emotional well-being of others.
(703) 686-5184 View (703) 686-5184
Photo of Sierra Williams, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sierra Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor
Online Only
I am a Licensed professional counselor. I provide therapy for individuals in the state of Virginia and Texas. I offer tele health (Virtual) sessions. I utilize Mindfulness, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Person-Centered Therapy, Strength Based Therapy, motivational interviewing, Solution Focused Therapy, and Multisystemic therapy.
I am a Licensed professional counselor. I provide therapy for individuals in the state of Virginia and Texas. I offer tele health (Virtual) sessions. I utilize Mindfulness, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Person-Centered Therapy, Strength Based Therapy, motivational interviewing, Solution Focused Therapy, and Multisystemic therapy.
(434) 595-5842 View (434) 595-5842
Photo of Ebony Fenwick, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSAC
Ebony Fenwick
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSAC
Online Only
I can assist you with identifying blind spots while navigating tough roads. We collaborate on increasing ways to help you manage the ebbs and flows of life. Whether you’re struggling with mental health issues like depression or anxiety, trauma, substance use, or relationship challenges, I am here to help you navigate these obstacles. There is an emphasis on psychoeducation so that you are armed with information to be your best caregiver and advocate. I believe in validating and exploring the impact of the intersectionality of oppression on components of life.
I can assist you with identifying blind spots while navigating tough roads. We collaborate on increasing ways to help you manage the ebbs and flows of life. Whether you’re struggling with mental health issues like depression or anxiety, trauma, substance use, or relationship challenges, I am here to help you navigate these obstacles. There is an emphasis on psychoeducation so that you are armed with information to be your best caregiver and advocate. I believe in validating and exploring the impact of the intersectionality of oppression on components of life.
(571) 463-7408 View (571) 463-7408
Photo of Brooke Buck, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Brooke Buck
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
6 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22304
Are you having a hard time figuring out what is going on with your relationships with others? Do you have recurring or consistent negative thoughts and feelings about yourself and your future? Are you feeling helpless even though you know you should be doing ok? My name is Brooke Buck and I am here to assist you in breaking down the walls of communication and rebuild them the way you have always wanted to. I work hard to listen and help to provide a different perspective to my clients.
Are you having a hard time figuring out what is going on with your relationships with others? Do you have recurring or consistent negative thoughts and feelings about yourself and your future? Are you feeling helpless even though you know you should be doing ok? My name is Brooke Buck and I am here to assist you in breaking down the walls of communication and rebuild them the way you have always wanted to. I work hard to listen and help to provide a different perspective to my clients.
(703) 594-1966 View (703) 594-1966
Photo of Catherine Ilic, Psychologist
Catherine Ilic
Psychologist
Online Only
Welcome! I'm Dr. Catherine, a licensed psychologist with a passion for helping individuals navigate life's challenges. I specialize in working with medical issues, women's issues, anxiety, depression, life transitions, stress, and trauma. With extensive experience, first as a social worker and then as a clinical psychologist, I work collaboratively with clients to find new ways to address the issues that are sapping their energy and getting in the way of the life they want to lead. I support women through life transitions, past abuse, and present day struggles such as balancing responsibilities, identity issues, self doubt,
Welcome! I'm Dr. Catherine, a licensed psychologist with a passion for helping individuals navigate life's challenges. I specialize in working with medical issues, women's issues, anxiety, depression, life transitions, stress, and trauma. With extensive experience, first as a social worker and then as a clinical psychologist, I work collaboratively with clients to find new ways to address the issues that are sapping their energy and getting in the way of the life they want to lead. I support women through life transitions, past abuse, and present day struggles such as balancing responsibilities, identity issues, self doubt,
(703) 420-3441 View (703) 420-3441
Photo of Elizabeth Bostick, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Elizabeth Bostick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Alexandria, VA 22314
Are you feeling stuck with thoughts and behaviors that you can't seem to change? Do you feel as if you are on autopilot, not fully present in the moment? Feeling stuck often indicates that we are repeating old patterns and allowing habitual thoughts and feelings to interfere with the present. If you're looking for extra support through a challenging situation, or you're just ready to move in a new direction in your life, I can help.
Are you feeling stuck with thoughts and behaviors that you can't seem to change? Do you feel as if you are on autopilot, not fully present in the moment? Feeling stuck often indicates that we are repeating old patterns and allowing habitual thoughts and feelings to interfere with the present. If you're looking for extra support through a challenging situation, or you're just ready to move in a new direction in your life, I can help.
(571) 429-2302 View (571) 429-2302
Photo of Bridget Russell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Bridget Russell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
In the chaos of life, we often find ourselves handed a reality for which we were not prepared nor were equipped to handle. Whether physically, emotionally, or spiritually, we are sometimes overwhelmed. We desire to be seen, to be understood, to feel empowered to achieve our goals, and to become the best versions of ourselves. Anchored in a Catholic/Christian faith-based foundation, I will work with you holistically to explore the current challenges in your life and on your heart, collaborate on a plan to help you move forward, and to walk with you in your journey or season of struggle.
In the chaos of life, we often find ourselves handed a reality for which we were not prepared nor were equipped to handle. Whether physically, emotionally, or spiritually, we are sometimes overwhelmed. We desire to be seen, to be understood, to feel empowered to achieve our goals, and to become the best versions of ourselves. Anchored in a Catholic/Christian faith-based foundation, I will work with you holistically to explore the current challenges in your life and on your heart, collaborate on a plan to help you move forward, and to walk with you in your journey or season of struggle.
(703) 972-5035 View (703) 972-5035
Photo of Melissa Wooden, Licensed Professional Counselor
Melissa Wooden
Licensed Professional Counselor
Online Only
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) that hold a Master of Arts Degree in Professional Counseling from Liberty University. I have over ten years of experience working with clients that display a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, substance addiction, Bipolar disorder, Schizophrenia, low self-esteem, mood disorder, career challenges, eating disorders, and poor self-image. My counseling style is warm, collaborative, non-judgmental, and interactive. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) that hold a Master of Arts Degree in Professional Counseling from Liberty University. I have over ten years of experience working with clients that display a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, substance addiction, Bipolar disorder, Schizophrenia, low self-esteem, mood disorder, career challenges, eating disorders, and poor self-image. My counseling style is warm, collaborative, non-judgmental, and interactive. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion.
(571) 595-3958 View (571) 595-3958
Photo of Kristie Hayes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW, LCSW-C
Kristie Hayes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW, LCSW-C
6 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
My work begins with a thoughtful, comprehensive assessment so I can gain a meaningful understanding of your history, strengths, and current challenges. From there, we collaborate to develop goals that reflect your values and needs, and we move at a pace that feels both supportive and intentional. I work with individuals who are navigating anxiety, depression, grief, relationship concerns, life transitions, and patterns that feel difficult to shift. I offer an empathic, grounded, and non-judgmental space where you can explore your experiences while developing insight, resilience, and practical skills for coping and growth.
My work begins with a thoughtful, comprehensive assessment so I can gain a meaningful understanding of your history, strengths, and current challenges. From there, we collaborate to develop goals that reflect your values and needs, and we move at a pace that feels both supportive and intentional. I work with individuals who are navigating anxiety, depression, grief, relationship concerns, life transitions, and patterns that feel difficult to shift. I offer an empathic, grounded, and non-judgmental space where you can explore your experiences while developing insight, resilience, and practical skills for coping and growth.
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Tiffanie A Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Alexandria, VA 22314
Seeking help takes courage and strength. Sometimes we are simply surviving in our lives but desire to thrive. We may struggle with depression, anxiety, addictions, challenging relationships, loss of relationships, loss of self esteem or confidence, etc. I believe there are turning points in our lives when we are ready to work and we need someone who can help us. I have over 22 years working with clients and have been inspired by their strength, persistence, courage, vulnerability, desire to change and hope. Sometimes, when all feels dark and hopeless, we need the help of others. I am happy to help you in your journey.
Seeking help takes courage and strength. Sometimes we are simply surviving in our lives but desire to thrive. We may struggle with depression, anxiety, addictions, challenging relationships, loss of relationships, loss of self esteem or confidence, etc. I believe there are turning points in our lives when we are ready to work and we need someone who can help us. I have over 22 years working with clients and have been inspired by their strength, persistence, courage, vulnerability, desire to change and hope. Sometimes, when all feels dark and hopeless, we need the help of others. I am happy to help you in your journey.
(571) 257-0207 View (571) 257-0207
Photo of Susannah J. Volkers, Licensed Professional Counselor, MABC, LPC-S, NCC
Susannah J. Volkers
Licensed Professional Counselor, MABC, LPC-S, NCC
6 Endorsed
Online Only
Tired of being tired? Feeling stuck in the trauma or heartbreak? Then it is time to learn how to move forward with hope, healing and joy. Collaboratively, we can take the PTSD or bereavement experience and create post-traumatic growth - a healthier you with loved ones, at work and school, and in your faith. I specialize in weekly EMDR and also offer EMDR Intensives, which are 1, 2 or 3 days of concentrated work to expedite your healing. I aim to provide a safe, trusting therapeutic relationship to process the heartache and grieve with hope. For those who would like, we can utilize a Christian worldview integrated in your care.
Tired of being tired? Feeling stuck in the trauma or heartbreak? Then it is time to learn how to move forward with hope, healing and joy. Collaboratively, we can take the PTSD or bereavement experience and create post-traumatic growth - a healthier you with loved ones, at work and school, and in your faith. I specialize in weekly EMDR and also offer EMDR Intensives, which are 1, 2 or 3 days of concentrated work to expedite your healing. I aim to provide a safe, trusting therapeutic relationship to process the heartache and grieve with hope. For those who would like, we can utilize a Christian worldview integrated in your care.
(571) 366-7807 View (571) 366-7807
Photo of Jorge Wallace - Thriveworks Counseling & Psychiatry Alexandria, Counselor
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
(855) 524-5193 View (855) 524-5193
Photo of Sara Loker, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Sara Loker
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you navigating the stress of college life, a demanding career, or the challenges of relationships and family transitions? Do you often feel weighed down by anxiety, self-doubt, or the pressure to ‘get it all right’? I specialize in working with women in life transitions, whether you’re balancing school, starting a career, managing ADHD, or moving through major changes like divorce. Together, we’ll focus on reducing overwhelm, understanding the patterns that hold you back, and building the tools you need to feel calmer, more confident, and more connected to yourself.
Are you navigating the stress of college life, a demanding career, or the challenges of relationships and family transitions? Do you often feel weighed down by anxiety, self-doubt, or the pressure to ‘get it all right’? I specialize in working with women in life transitions, whether you’re balancing school, starting a career, managing ADHD, or moving through major changes like divorce. Together, we’ll focus on reducing overwhelm, understanding the patterns that hold you back, and building the tools you need to feel calmer, more confident, and more connected to yourself.
(540) 235-5369 View (540) 235-5369
Photo of Lauren Smith-Papke, Psychologist, PhD
Lauren Smith-Papke
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22301
I am a clinical psychologist, who enjoys working with adults across the lifespan in individual psychotherapy. I have worked with many different types of individuals in day treatment, community mental health, and counseling center settings; I have also worked at The Women's Center as a therapist and supervisor of graduate students for the past 9 years. I strive to understand each client as a complex individual, and work with the client to clarify the nature of their difficulties, identify strengths and resources, and engage together in the process of increased insight and change.
I am a clinical psychologist, who enjoys working with adults across the lifespan in individual psychotherapy. I have worked with many different types of individuals in day treatment, community mental health, and counseling center settings; I have also worked at The Women's Center as a therapist and supervisor of graduate students for the past 9 years. I strive to understand each client as a complex individual, and work with the client to clarify the nature of their difficulties, identify strengths and resources, and engage together in the process of increased insight and change.
(540) 268-0974 View (540) 268-0974
Photo of Bianca Bozzo, Pre-Licensed Professional
Bianca Bozzo
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Hello! I am a counseling intern under the supervision of Dr. Michele Cole, Ph.D., LCSW, at Moving Forward PLC. I am currently in my final year of George Mason University’s Counseling Program. I am passionate about holistic well-being and am dedicated to helping others build lives rooted in hope and resilience, even in the face of adversity. I believe that therapy is a collaborative space where clients can reconnect with their inner strength, develop healthier thought and behavioral patterns, and feel seen without judgment.
Hello! I am a counseling intern under the supervision of Dr. Michele Cole, Ph.D., LCSW, at Moving Forward PLC. I am currently in my final year of George Mason University’s Counseling Program. I am passionate about holistic well-being and am dedicated to helping others build lives rooted in hope and resilience, even in the face of adversity. I believe that therapy is a collaborative space where clients can reconnect with their inner strength, develop healthier thought and behavioral patterns, and feel seen without judgment.
(571) 487-7050 View (571) 487-7050
Photo of Brandee Zettel, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Brandee Zettel
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Alexandria, VA 22310
Are you struggling in your marriage or dating relationships? Is your relationship with your spouse or children going through a rough patch? Don't worry, you are not alone. All relationships face challenges. I am a Marriage and Family Therapist who is committed to helping people build strong relationships and lasting connections, fostering understanding and healthy communication, and resolving conflicts. You will learn effective communication techniques that will allow you to express your emotions and thoughts more clearly and authentically. I will help you navigate conflicts constructively.
Are you struggling in your marriage or dating relationships? Is your relationship with your spouse or children going through a rough patch? Don't worry, you are not alone. All relationships face challenges. I am a Marriage and Family Therapist who is committed to helping people build strong relationships and lasting connections, fostering understanding and healthy communication, and resolving conflicts. You will learn effective communication techniques that will allow you to express your emotions and thoughts more clearly and authentically. I will help you navigate conflicts constructively.
(703) 783-2920 View (703) 783-2920
Photo of Amanda Burich, Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC-R
Amanda Burich
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC-R
Alexandria, VA 22310
Guided by a passion for helping others heal and grow, Amanda, LPC-R, brings over a decade of experience supporting individuals and families across diverse settings, including inpatient behavioral health, home hospice, and schools. As a Resident in Counseling in Virginia with a Master’s degree from VCU, Certified Rehabilitation Counselor (CRC), and Psychiatric-Mental Health Registered Nurse (PMH-RN), Amanda offers a holistic, integrated approach that honors the connection between mind, body, and lived experience.
Guided by a passion for helping others heal and grow, Amanda, LPC-R, brings over a decade of experience supporting individuals and families across diverse settings, including inpatient behavioral health, home hospice, and schools. As a Resident in Counseling in Virginia with a Master’s degree from VCU, Certified Rehabilitation Counselor (CRC), and Psychiatric-Mental Health Registered Nurse (PMH-RN), Amanda offers a holistic, integrated approach that honors the connection between mind, body, and lived experience.
(571) 931-2921 View (571) 931-2921

See more therapy options for Alexandria

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Alexandria, VA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$165

Therapists in Alexandria, VA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
76% Self Esteem
75% Stress
73% Relationship Issues
70% Trauma and PTSD
59% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% BlueCross and BlueShield
76% Aetna
70% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Alexandria, VA see their clients

51% Online Only
49% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

85% Female
14% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Alexandria?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.