Therapists in Afton, VA

Photo of Christine Bowers - Skyline Family Therapy, LMFT, LPC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Skyline Family Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
Afton, VA 22920
We are accepting new clients! Skyline Family Therapy serves children, teenagers, couples, and families in-person and via telehealth at our office conveniently located in Charlottesville, VA. Our team of providers use an integrative approach to meet each client where they're at in their therapeutic journey, and collaborate with each individual to create a healthy path forward.
We are accepting new clients! Skyline Family Therapy serves children, teenagers, couples, and families in-person and via telehealth at our office conveniently located in Charlottesville, VA. Our team of providers use an integrative approach to meet each client where they're at in their therapeutic journey, and collaborate with each individual to create a healthy path forward.
(434) 226-5157 View (434) 226-5157
Photo of Andrea Dilley-Frame, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Andrea Dilley-Frame
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Afton, VA 22920
Andrea Dilley-Frame is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and Certified Substance Abuse Counselor (SSAC-C) and a former Certified Rehabilitation Counselor (RC-C). She has over 17 years of experience working with adult clients who are dealing with the effects of grief, Life transitional issues, low self-esteem, sexual abuse, stress, trauma, PTSD, women’s issues, anxiety, depression, anger issues, dysfunctional relationships, poor coping skills, family conflict, and more. Andrea obtained a Master’s of Science from Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia in Richmond, VA.
Andrea Dilley-Frame is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and Certified Substance Abuse Counselor (SSAC-C) and a former Certified Rehabilitation Counselor (RC-C). She has over 17 years of experience working with adult clients who are dealing with the effects of grief, Life transitional issues, low self-esteem, sexual abuse, stress, trauma, PTSD, women’s issues, anxiety, depression, anger issues, dysfunctional relationships, poor coping skills, family conflict, and more. Andrea obtained a Master’s of Science from Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia in Richmond, VA.
(434) 597-3757 View (434) 597-3757
Photo of Jasmine Ricks, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jasmine Ricks
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Afton, VA 22920
My name is Jasmine Ricks, and I am a licensed Marriage & Family Therapist working with individuals in Virginia and Texas via telehealth. I work with adults specializing in relationships, self-worth, anxiety, stress, and transitions utlizing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance Commitment Therapy, Solution Focused Brief Therapy and Family Systems to support clients. Some of the areas I help with include managing stress, coping with life transitions, communication, boundaries, acceptance, self worth, self love, self care, people pleasing, codependency, impostor syndrome, trauma, relationships challenges, work life stress, anxiety.
My name is Jasmine Ricks, and I am a licensed Marriage & Family Therapist working with individuals in Virginia and Texas via telehealth. I work with adults specializing in relationships, self-worth, anxiety, stress, and transitions utlizing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance Commitment Therapy, Solution Focused Brief Therapy and Family Systems to support clients. Some of the areas I help with include managing stress, coping with life transitions, communication, boundaries, acceptance, self worth, self love, self care, people pleasing, codependency, impostor syndrome, trauma, relationships challenges, work life stress, anxiety.
(757) 586-4754 View (757) 586-4754
Photo of Amir Cotton, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amir Cotton
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Afton, VA 22920
Hello there,My name is Amir Cotton, and I’m one of the counselors at Breakthrough Counselling LLC. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Licensed Substance Abuse Treatment Practitioner in the state of Virginia. I am also a National Certified Counselor, a Certified Clinical Mental Counselor, and a Certified Advanced Alcohol and Drug Counselor. I also have a Master’s Degree in Professional Counseling and over 12 years of experience working in the mental health field. I have experience treating depression, anxiety, PTSD, trauma, addiction, bipolar, and adjustment disorders.
Hello there,My name is Amir Cotton, and I’m one of the counselors at Breakthrough Counselling LLC. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Licensed Substance Abuse Treatment Practitioner in the state of Virginia. I am also a National Certified Counselor, a Certified Clinical Mental Counselor, and a Certified Advanced Alcohol and Drug Counselor. I also have a Master’s Degree in Professional Counseling and over 12 years of experience working in the mental health field. I have experience treating depression, anxiety, PTSD, trauma, addiction, bipolar, and adjustment disorders.
(804) 391-7124 View (804) 391-7124
Photo of Stuart Gunter, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Stuart Gunter
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Afton, VA 22920
I have experience working with children, adolescents, young adults, and older adults. While I use a variety of approaches (including AEDP, Existential Theory, Attachment Theory, and CBT), ultimately I like to let our work together inform which approach suits our time best. I am knowledgeable about trauma-informed practice and bring a lot of my own life experiences into the sessions, through my work as a teacher, professional firefighter, and professionaI musician.
I have experience working with children, adolescents, young adults, and older adults. While I use a variety of approaches (including AEDP, Existential Theory, Attachment Theory, and CBT), ultimately I like to let our work together inform which approach suits our time best. I am knowledgeable about trauma-informed practice and bring a lot of my own life experiences into the sessions, through my work as a teacher, professional firefighter, and professionaI musician.
(434) 216-6343 View (434) 216-6343

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Charlotte A. Schafer, BS, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Charlotte A. Schafer
Licensed Professional Counselor, BS, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wintergreen, VA 22958  (Online Only)
Do you wish you knew better coping strategies for managing ADHD, anxiety, or depression? Are you feeling under the control of others and don’t know how to break free? Are you experiencing guilt, or sadness that doesn't go away? As a professional counselor I can help you find your way back to a more joyful, healthy life. As a caring professional I can teach you techniques that make these distresses lesson or even leave, and help you regain a more balanced perspective over your emotional issues. Are you looking for empowerment over emotional habiting? As a balanced Christian counselor I have answers, I would love to help you.
Do you wish you knew better coping strategies for managing ADHD, anxiety, or depression? Are you feeling under the control of others and don’t know how to break free? Are you experiencing guilt, or sadness that doesn't go away? As a professional counselor I can help you find your way back to a more joyful, healthy life. As a caring professional I can teach you techniques that make these distresses lesson or even leave, and help you regain a more balanced perspective over your emotional issues. Are you looking for empowerment over emotional habiting? As a balanced Christian counselor I have answers, I would love to help you.
(434) 595-3062 View (434) 595-3062
Photo of Nephetia Tryman Whittaker, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nephetia Tryman Whittaker
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Faber, VA 22938
My name is Nephetia and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 10 years of experience providing mental health care for individuals. I have experience assisting and supporting clients to overcome and cope with depression, anxiety, grief, issues specific to women, low self-esteem, and anger. My experience ranges from teens to adults and I have worked with the LGBTQIA+ population. I use an integrative therapeutic approach, including CBT, Person-Centered, Motivational Interviewing, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy - I believe that clients are in charge of their counseling experience so that treatment is individualized.
My name is Nephetia and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 10 years of experience providing mental health care for individuals. I have experience assisting and supporting clients to overcome and cope with depression, anxiety, grief, issues specific to women, low self-esteem, and anger. My experience ranges from teens to adults and I have worked with the LGBTQIA+ population. I use an integrative therapeutic approach, including CBT, Person-Centered, Motivational Interviewing, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy - I believe that clients are in charge of their counseling experience so that treatment is individualized.
(757) 767-7188 View (757) 767-7188
Photo of Roxianna Johnson, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Roxianna Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Nellysford, VA 22958
Hi, I’m Roxi, a Licensed Professional Counselor. I’m a compassionate and approachable human and social services professional with more than thirty (30) years of experience supporting folks with disabilities including, mental health, substance abuse, social difficulties, and people in other special needs populations. I’ve assisted individuals, families, and couples as they navigate through trauma, depression, anxiety, and homelessness to a more functional way of life. I understand that we are all unique and experience life’s challenges in our own unique ways.
Hi, I’m Roxi, a Licensed Professional Counselor. I’m a compassionate and approachable human and social services professional with more than thirty (30) years of experience supporting folks with disabilities including, mental health, substance abuse, social difficulties, and people in other special needs populations. I’ve assisted individuals, families, and couples as they navigate through trauma, depression, anxiety, and homelessness to a more functional way of life. I understand that we are all unique and experience life’s challenges in our own unique ways.
(757) 929-9689 View (757) 929-9689
Photo of Jennifer A Kratz, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jennifer A Kratz
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nellysford, VA 22958  (Online Only)
Having difficulty coping with anxiety, depression, adjustment to life's transitions or previous trauma? Do you have things that have been on your mind and you just want a place to process those things? I want to help you live your life in a way that feels meaningful to you. I typically work from a variety of frameworks depending on your needs, including DBT, EMDR and some parts work. Please feel free to check out my link to HEADWAY and schedule a consultation. All appointments are conducted via telehealth. headway.co/providers/Jennifer-kratz
Having difficulty coping with anxiety, depression, adjustment to life's transitions or previous trauma? Do you have things that have been on your mind and you just want a place to process those things? I want to help you live your life in a way that feels meaningful to you. I typically work from a variety of frameworks depending on your needs, including DBT, EMDR and some parts work. Please feel free to check out my link to HEADWAY and schedule a consultation. All appointments are conducted via telehealth. headway.co/providers/Jennifer-kratz
(540) 924-3306 View (540) 924-3306
Photo of Danielle Crane, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Danielle Crane
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Faber, VA 22938
Greetings! I am Danielle Crane, Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia. My focus areas include Anxiety, Coping Skills, Depression, Relationship Issues, Self Esteem, etc. I have been a practicing Clinician for over 10 years. I have experience working with various individuals (children, adolescents, adults) who have a wide range of needs, including anxiety, depression, anger management, boundary issues, conduct issues, and interpersonal communication skills.
Greetings! I am Danielle Crane, Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia. My focus areas include Anxiety, Coping Skills, Depression, Relationship Issues, Self Esteem, etc. I have been a practicing Clinician for over 10 years. I have experience working with various individuals (children, adolescents, adults) who have a wide range of needs, including anxiety, depression, anger management, boundary issues, conduct issues, and interpersonal communication skills.
(571) 946-5216 View (571) 946-5216
Photo of Victoria Billups, QMHP-T, Pre-Licensed Professional
Victoria Billups
Pre-Licensed Professional, QMHP-T
Verified Verified
Waynesboro, VA 22980
I believe in a collaborative approach while working with clients and will help each client develop their own individual counseling goals and plan to reach those goals. I follow a wellness model of mental health where the goal is to achieve physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual holistic wellness.
I believe in a collaborative approach while working with clients and will help each client develop their own individual counseling goals and plan to reach those goals. I follow a wellness model of mental health where the goal is to achieve physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual holistic wellness.
(540) 584-8250 View (540) 584-8250
Photo of Megan Osburn, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Megan Osburn
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Waynesboro, VA 22980  (Online Only)
My ideal client is someone who is wanting to take a deeper look at their own reflection. Have you ever seen a movie or television show with an insensitive therapist and thought: Is this what therapy is supposed to look like? I can tell you therapy with me will not look like the disinterested professional depicted on television. My therapy style is built on the keystone of rapport building. I value our time together and respect boundaries as we work collaboratively to navigate some of life’s hardships.
My ideal client is someone who is wanting to take a deeper look at their own reflection. Have you ever seen a movie or television show with an insensitive therapist and thought: Is this what therapy is supposed to look like? I can tell you therapy with me will not look like the disinterested professional depicted on television. My therapy style is built on the keystone of rapport building. I value our time together and respect boundaries as we work collaboratively to navigate some of life’s hardships.
(434) 204-4413 View (434) 204-4413
Photo of Janet Mizzi Balser, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Janet Mizzi Balser
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Waynesboro, VA 22980  (Online Only)
Janet Mizzi Balser graduated with a Bachelors in Psychology from Hollins University and received her Masters in Counseling from Eastern Mennonite University. She has over 30 years experience of working with child abuse victims and other victims of trauma. She has a facility dog, Murph, who works with her. Murph is a graduate of Canine Companions for Independence. He assists his handler by making everyone feel comfortable so they can tell their story in a non-judgmental setting.
Janet Mizzi Balser graduated with a Bachelors in Psychology from Hollins University and received her Masters in Counseling from Eastern Mennonite University. She has over 30 years experience of working with child abuse victims and other victims of trauma. She has a facility dog, Murph, who works with her. Murph is a graduate of Canine Companions for Independence. He assists his handler by making everyone feel comfortable so they can tell their story in a non-judgmental setting.
(540) 609-2884 View (540) 609-2884
Photo of Rebekah Martin, MA, LPC-R
Rebekah Martin
Resident in Counseling, MA, LPC-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Waynesboro, VA 22980
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome! I am glad you are here. Life can be overwhelming and hard sometimes, and reaching out for help takes great courage and vulnerability. In recognizing this, I strive to create a safe, welcoming, non-judgmental, and collaborative environment. No matter what you have been through or are going through, we will work together to figure out the path that works best for you in your journey through life.
Welcome! I am glad you are here. Life can be overwhelming and hard sometimes, and reaching out for help takes great courage and vulnerability. In recognizing this, I strive to create a safe, welcoming, non-judgmental, and collaborative environment. No matter what you have been through or are going through, we will work together to figure out the path that works best for you in your journey through life.
(540) 517-7973 View (540) 517-7973
Photo of Emily G Gary, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Emily G Gary
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Charlottesville, VA 22903
With increased awareness of our inner worlds, we will look at how thoughts and feelings influence how we live, the choices we make and the patterns that develop in our relationships. My work centers on assisting people to access and utilize their own innate wisdom and strength, to ultimately experience life with greater ease and more joy.
With increased awareness of our inner worlds, we will look at how thoughts and feelings influence how we live, the choices we make and the patterns that develop in our relationships. My work centers on assisting people to access and utilize their own innate wisdom and strength, to ultimately experience life with greater ease and more joy.
(540) 501-6278 View (540) 501-6278
Photo of Addison Halverson, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Addison Halverson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Waynesboro, VA 22980
I specialize in working with children, teens, and their families. I work with children and adults struggling with anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma, athletic pressure, and managing stress. I have a particular interest in helping families improve their relationships, including siblings, parent-child, co-parents, and step families. I also have experience working with adoption and foster care. If you are worried about your relationship with your child, their ability to cope with stress, emotional outbursts, risky behaviors, or following directions, I can help.
I specialize in working with children, teens, and their families. I work with children and adults struggling with anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma, athletic pressure, and managing stress. I have a particular interest in helping families improve their relationships, including siblings, parent-child, co-parents, and step families. I also have experience working with adoption and foster care. If you are worried about your relationship with your child, their ability to cope with stress, emotional outbursts, risky behaviors, or following directions, I can help.
(540) 386-0394 View (540) 386-0394
Photo of Glen Bowman, PhD, Psychologist
Glen Bowman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Waynesboro, VA 22980
Dr. Glen Bowman is a Licensed Clinical Psychologist (LCP) with more than 30 years of experience providing counseling services in a variety of settings, including college and university counseling centers, outpatient mental health clinics, and inpatient psychiatric centers. His work with adults, children, couples, and families has focused on issues related to stress and coping, transition and identity-related issues, communication skills, anger management, grief, loss, perfectionism, social anxiety, panic disorders, OCD, depression, and substance abuse.
Dr. Glen Bowman is a Licensed Clinical Psychologist (LCP) with more than 30 years of experience providing counseling services in a variety of settings, including college and university counseling centers, outpatient mental health clinics, and inpatient psychiatric centers. His work with adults, children, couples, and families has focused on issues related to stress and coping, transition and identity-related issues, communication skills, anger management, grief, loss, perfectionism, social anxiety, panic disorders, OCD, depression, and substance abuse.
(434) 542-8180 View (434) 542-8180
Photo of Abigail Fernald, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Abigail Fernald
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Waynesboro, VA 22980
Are you feeling stuck or unfulfilled in your life? Maybe you are feeling powerless, anxious, sad or overwhelmed by the things that keep happening to you. Are you experiencing life changes that are causing you to feel stressed and helpless? Maybe you are noticing that these feelings or experiences are beginning to manifest in a number of ways that impact your daily life. Talk therapy can help. I work with clients ages 14 and up to provide individual therapy, couples counseling or family counseling for those who are coping with depression, anxiety, stress, relationship issues, grief, trauma, chronic illness and other life changes.
Are you feeling stuck or unfulfilled in your life? Maybe you are feeling powerless, anxious, sad or overwhelmed by the things that keep happening to you. Are you experiencing life changes that are causing you to feel stressed and helpless? Maybe you are noticing that these feelings or experiences are beginning to manifest in a number of ways that impact your daily life. Talk therapy can help. I work with clients ages 14 and up to provide individual therapy, couples counseling or family counseling for those who are coping with depression, anxiety, stress, relationship issues, grief, trauma, chronic illness and other life changes.
(540) 269-4569 View (540) 269-4569
Photo of Alicia Harpine - Pathways to Clarity, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Pathways to Clarity
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Waynesboro, VA 22980
Hello, my name is Alicia. I am a licensed professional counselor. Do you find yourself feeling overwhelmed, anxious, and stuck? Is the past keeping you from moving forward? Do you question whether you're on the right path to being your true self?
Hello, my name is Alicia. I am a licensed professional counselor. Do you find yourself feeling overwhelmed, anxious, and stuck? Is the past keeping you from moving forward? Do you question whether you're on the right path to being your true self?
(540) 792-4054 View (540) 792-4054
Photo of Terra Jones-Steele - Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Waynesboro, VA 22980
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(540) 609-2531 View (540) 609-2531

See more therapy options for Afton

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Afton, VA

< 10

Therapists in Afton, VA who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Self Esteem
80% Relationship Issues
80% Anger Management
80% Coping Skills
80% Stress

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Anthem

How Therapists in Afton, VA see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

50% Female
50% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Afton?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.