Adoption Therapists in San Antonio, TX

Photo of Reagan Chadwell, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate , LPC-A
Reagan Chadwell
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate , LPC-A
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78232
I specialize in DBT, identity & values exploration, adoption, and relationship support.
I believe healing happens through connection, and I’m here to walk alongside you as you navigate whatever you’re facing. You’re not alone—and you don’t have to have it all figured out to begin.
I specialize in DBT, identity & values exploration, adoption, and relationship support.
I believe healing happens through connection, and I’m here to walk alongside you as you navigate whatever you’re facing. You’re not alone—and you don’t have to have it all figured out to begin.
(210) 944-4303 View (210) 944-4303
Photo of Denise Flores Turton, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, EMDR
Denise Flores Turton
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, EMDR
San Antonio, TX 78257
I possess a specialized knowledge and understanding of the unique challenges and experiences related to adoption and raising human beings.
Healing with the Rhythm of the Setting Sun. I warmly support emotional well-being throughout every stage of life. Inspired by the unwavering consistency of a sunset, I offer a steady presence, helping individuals find grounding, resilience, and hope even in times of change. Just like taking a calming breath at day's end, I aim to share a warm, welcoming perspective through a supportive therapeutic approach. This approach celebrates the diverse cultural needs of children, individuals, families, relationships, and community groups, creating a truly inclusive space.
I possess a specialized knowledge and understanding of the unique challenges and experiences related to adoption and raising human beings.
Healing with the Rhythm of the Setting Sun. I warmly support emotional well-being throughout every stage of life. Inspired by the unwavering consistency of a sunset, I offer a steady presence, helping individuals find grounding, resilience, and hope even in times of change. Just like taking a calming breath at day's end, I aim to share a warm, welcoming perspective through a supportive therapeutic approach. This approach celebrates the diverse cultural needs of children, individuals, families, relationships, and community groups, creating a truly inclusive space.
(210) 796-4784 View (210) 796-4784
Photo of Abby Hasberry, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LCMFT
Abby Hasberry
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LCMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My primary specialties include identity development, life transitions, and adoption with focus on adoptees & birth families.
I am a former educator and school principal turned therapist. My joy is working with all types of adults in all phases of adulthood. My ideal client is reflective and purposeful. My clients are typically professionals navigating life transitions, entrepreneurs balancing work and life, young adults exploring careers and learning to “adult”, adoptees of all ages discovering their identities and processing trauma, and birth/first mothers navigating grief and loss. I support my clients through reflection, trauma processing, self-discovery, and identity development so that they can embrace mental clarity live purposefully.
My primary specialties include identity development, life transitions, and adoption with focus on adoptees & birth families.
I am a former educator and school principal turned therapist. My joy is working with all types of adults in all phases of adulthood. My ideal client is reflective and purposeful. My clients are typically professionals navigating life transitions, entrepreneurs balancing work and life, young adults exploring careers and learning to “adult”, adoptees of all ages discovering their identities and processing trauma, and birth/first mothers navigating grief and loss. I support my clients through reflection, trauma processing, self-discovery, and identity development so that they can embrace mental clarity live purposefully.
(210) 871-9834 View (210) 871-9834
Dorothy W Le Pere
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMFT, CGP
Serves Area
I have worked for many years with children and families experiencing stress related to adoption and/or parenting issues.
I enjoy working with adults, preteens, children and families. I work with adults and children who have anxiety and depression issues. I have a special interest in working with adoptive families and children in relative/kinship placements. I have been trained in family systems and psychodynamic psychotherapy, but I integrate other models as best meet the needs of the client. My goal is to assist the client or family in utilizing their strengths to make life changes that will be positive and long lasting. I have excellent training and many years of excellent experience in my field. I look forward to working with you.
I have worked for many years with children and families experiencing stress related to adoption and/or parenting issues.
I enjoy working with adults, preteens, children and families. I work with adults and children who have anxiety and depression issues. I have a special interest in working with adoptive families and children in relative/kinship placements. I have been trained in family systems and psychodynamic psychotherapy, but I integrate other models as best meet the needs of the client. My goal is to assist the client or family in utilizing their strengths to make life changes that will be positive and long lasting. I have excellent training and many years of excellent experience in my field. I look forward to working with you.
(210) 757-4160 View (210) 757-4160
Photo of Cori East-Long, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Cori East-Long
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
My other areas of expertise include foster care, adoption, parenting issues, and LGBTQ+ issues.
I strive to create a safe environment where my clients feel comfortable sharing their feelings and thoughts. I am very straight forward with my clients and non-judgmental. Creating goals is an important part of the therapeutic process. I work with my client to help guide them in finding the goals they which to achieve.
My other areas of expertise include foster care, adoption, parenting issues, and LGBTQ+ issues.
I strive to create a safe environment where my clients feel comfortable sharing their feelings and thoughts. I am very straight forward with my clients and non-judgmental. Creating goals is an important part of the therapeutic process. I work with my client to help guide them in finding the goals they which to achieve.
(512) 991-5292 View (512) 991-5292
Photo of Bettsie Elyn Specia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Bettsie Elyn Specia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
San Antonio, TX 78209
My work with adoption issues is a distinguishing factor in my practice, as is my several decades of experience!
I am a genuine listener who engages others by getting to know them, while exploring needs and goals. I believe that problem-solving begins with discovery of our inner strengths which can be used to foster healing and growth. As one begins to identify these resources and learns to use them, she/he is empowered to make changes and gain understanding about self and others previously thought impossible. While work in therapy can be difficult at times, it does not always have to be "serious business". Many people do not know how to have fun and learning this skill is always healing.
My work with adoption issues is a distinguishing factor in my practice, as is my several decades of experience!
I am a genuine listener who engages others by getting to know them, while exploring needs and goals. I believe that problem-solving begins with discovery of our inner strengths which can be used to foster healing and growth. As one begins to identify these resources and learns to use them, she/he is empowered to make changes and gain understanding about self and others previously thought impossible. While work in therapy can be difficult at times, it does not always have to be "serious business". Many people do not know how to have fun and learning this skill is always healing.
(210) 255-2069 View (210) 255-2069
Photo of Peggy Bissing - Peggy Bissing LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LCDC
Peggy Bissing LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LCDC
Online Only
My services include post- adoption therapeutic support for foster children, guidance for crime victims, and assistance for veterans and active-duty personnel.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor (LCDC) in Texas and Missouri. I hold a Bachelor’s degree from Our Lady of the Lake University and a Master’s degree in psychotherapy from the University of Texas at San Antonio. I am certified in EMDR and trained in Brainspotting.
My services include post- adoption therapeutic support for foster children, guidance for crime victims, and assistance for veterans and active-duty personnel.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor (LCDC) in Texas and Missouri. I hold a Bachelor’s degree from Our Lady of the Lake University and a Master’s degree in psychotherapy from the University of Texas at San Antonio. I am certified in EMDR and trained in Brainspotting.
(210) 920-7900 View (210) 920-7900
Photo of Amanda Sharp, Psychologist, PhD, LP
Amanda Sharp
Psychologist, PhD, LP
2 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78258
Evaluation services include testing for learning disorders, ADHD, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental evaluations, other psychological & cognitive (IQ) concerns; diagnostic clarification, adoption cases, foster care services, & more.
In addition to psychological testing, the practice offers counseling services for children & adolescents, & parent education and support services. We have therapists who specialize in assisting families with managing tantruming behaviors, ODD, ADHD, trauma, grief counseling, & other specialties. Trained in trauma assessment & TF-CBT certified therapists.
Evaluation services include testing for learning disorders, ADHD, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental evaluations, other psychological & cognitive (IQ) concerns; diagnostic clarification, adoption cases, foster care services, & more.
In addition to psychological testing, the practice offers counseling services for children & adolescents, & parent education and support services. We have therapists who specialize in assisting families with managing tantruming behaviors, ODD, ADHD, trauma, grief counseling, & other specialties. Trained in trauma assessment & TF-CBT certified therapists.
(210) 941-2713 View (210) 941-2713
Photo of Phi-Long Le - Into the Roots Therapy, Licensed Professional Counselor
Into the Roots Therapy
Licensed Professional Counselor
10 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78229
We are experienced in working with a variety of backgrounds: ADHD, ODD, School Behaviors, Anxiety, Adoption/Blended Families, Parent/Child Relationships, and Trauma backgrounds.
Are you ready to dig deeper with us? We strive to build strong relationships and help dig deeper 'into the roots' of any challenges that you or your family may be experiencing. Our goal is to ensure that all parties feel connected throughout the treatment process as this contributes positively to the progress in and outside of therapy. We pride ourselves on how quick and efficient our setup process is. Whether or not we are the right service for you, we promise to give you a response and strive to make you feel less-alone in your searching process. Our therapists are ready to be a part of your journey.
We are experienced in working with a variety of backgrounds: ADHD, ODD, School Behaviors, Anxiety, Adoption/Blended Families, Parent/Child Relationships, and Trauma backgrounds.
Are you ready to dig deeper with us? We strive to build strong relationships and help dig deeper 'into the roots' of any challenges that you or your family may be experiencing. Our goal is to ensure that all parties feel connected throughout the treatment process as this contributes positively to the progress in and outside of therapy. We pride ourselves on how quick and efficient our setup process is. Whether or not we are the right service for you, we promise to give you a response and strive to make you feel less-alone in your searching process. Our therapists are ready to be a part of your journey.
(210) 405-9976 View (210) 405-9976
Photo of Valerie Rivas, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Valerie Rivas
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
4 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78217
I handle ALL issues from adolescent to elderly with individuals, couples, and families, but particularly Infertility, Miscarriage, IVF, Child Loss, Adoption/Fostering, & Missionary Re-Entry.
Counseling is client-centered, focusing on feelings, understanding history, identifying healthy and unhealthy patterns, and acknowledging adjustments to reach a more fulfilling, empowering, and purposeful life. My approach as a counselor has a foundation in Christ's teachings about spiritual, emotional, and physical companionships found in Ecclesiastes 4:9-1
I handle ALL issues from adolescent to elderly with individuals, couples, and families, but particularly Infertility, Miscarriage, IVF, Child Loss, Adoption/Fostering, & Missionary Re-Entry.
Counseling is client-centered, focusing on feelings, understanding history, identifying healthy and unhealthy patterns, and acknowledging adjustments to reach a more fulfilling, empowering, and purposeful life. My approach as a counselor has a foundation in Christ's teachings about spiritual, emotional, and physical companionships found in Ecclesiastes 4:9-1
(512) 710-0551 View (512) 710-0551
Photo of Lisa Aguilar, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Lisa Aguilar
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Online Only
I specialize in issues of depression, anxiety, ADHD, Autism, trauma, foster/ adoption, divorce, Co-parenting, self-esteem, grief, parenting, and school-based concerns.
I have experience working with children and adolescents with behavioral concerns in home, community, and school settings. I also specialize in parenting providing Nurturing parenting education. I believe it is important to partner with parent(s) supporting them by providing positive strategies to promote positive child-parent relationship.
I specialize in issues of depression, anxiety, ADHD, Autism, trauma, foster/ adoption, divorce, Co-parenting, self-esteem, grief, parenting, and school-based concerns.
I have experience working with children and adolescents with behavioral concerns in home, community, and school settings. I also specialize in parenting providing Nurturing parenting education. I believe it is important to partner with parent(s) supporting them by providing positive strategies to promote positive child-parent relationship.
(210) 614-4990 View (210) 614-4990
Photo of Ximena Huerta Medina, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CSC
Ximena Huerta Medina
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CSC
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78230
With a background in education, school counseling, adoption, and mental health, I bring a wealth of experience to my practice.
Hello! My name is Ximena Huerta Medina, and I am a dedicated bilingual and bicultural counselor with a passion for supporting individuals and families through their unique journeys. I’m 100% bilingual and can provide services in both English and Spanish.
With a background in education, school counseling, adoption, and mental health, I bring a wealth of experience to my practice.
Hello! My name is Ximena Huerta Medina, and I am a dedicated bilingual and bicultural counselor with a passion for supporting individuals and families through their unique journeys. I’m 100% bilingual and can provide services in both English and Spanish.
(210) 901-9480 View (210) 901-9480
Photo of Katie Bickley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Katie Bickley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Welcome! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has worked in several clinical settings for over 15 years. I have worked in hospitals, college counseling settings, adoption settings, and care for older adults. My communication style is kind and empathic, and I work to listen to the subtext of what you are saying in our discussion. I strive to identify pieces you may be overlooking and bring them to light so we can examine them openly. I work to understand your experience better and begin moving you toward a life you find more fulfilling.
Welcome! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has worked in several clinical settings for over 15 years. I have worked in hospitals, college counseling settings, adoption settings, and care for older adults. My communication style is kind and empathic, and I work to listen to the subtext of what you are saying in our discussion. I strive to identify pieces you may be overlooking and bring them to light so we can examine them openly. I work to understand your experience better and begin moving you toward a life you find more fulfilling.
(346) 591-0326 View (346) 591-0326
Photo of Susan Genie Chakmakian, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Susan Genie Chakmakian
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
4 Endorsed
Online Only
My specialties are infertility/ adoption, creative artists and musicians, and narcissistic abuse.
Are you stressed and overwhelmed by difficulties with relationships, your job, your purpose in life? There is hope. I believe that deeper understanding of yourself can create contentment, acceptance and peace. Through a collaborative process, I will support you in uncovering the emotional truth of your struggle, which will reduce stress, support healing and change, and help facilitate a more meaningful direction. Finding new and better ways of dealing with your conflicts may be challenging at times, but it's time to start feeling better and the rewards are worth it.
My specialties are infertility/ adoption, creative artists and musicians, and narcissistic abuse.
Are you stressed and overwhelmed by difficulties with relationships, your job, your purpose in life? There is hope. I believe that deeper understanding of yourself can create contentment, acceptance and peace. Through a collaborative process, I will support you in uncovering the emotional truth of your struggle, which will reduce stress, support healing and change, and help facilitate a more meaningful direction. Finding new and better ways of dealing with your conflicts may be challenging at times, but it's time to start feeling better and the rewards are worth it.
(210) 272-7827 View (210) 272-7827
Photo of Antwine D. Charles Sr., Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CMHC, LCDC In, EMDR-Tr
Antwine D. Charles Sr.
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CMHC, LCDC In, EMDR-Tr
Serves Area
Antwine also has a heart for those that lived with or may currently be living in an abusive environment and endeavors to assist in finding safety and security through counseling, community services while working with various organizations to assist in adoption of a better life for those suffering from the effects of abuse.
Antwine D. Charles Sr is a retired veteran who served 24 years as a Navy Corpsman (medic) in the U.S. Navy. Serving in many countries and theatre’s, Antwine encountered many different cultures, in various war-torn, under-developed, and impoverished communities. Earning his Masters of Science in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, his interest include other cultures, customs and traditions. His journey ignited his interest in multi-cultural counseling, community servanthood and an endeavor to bring Mental Healthcare to those who are in need of counseling services wherever he can.
Antwine also has a heart for those that lived with or may currently be living in an abusive environment and endeavors to assist in finding safety and security through counseling, community services while working with various organizations to assist in adoption of a better life for those suffering from the effects of abuse.
Antwine D. Charles Sr is a retired veteran who served 24 years as a Navy Corpsman (medic) in the U.S. Navy. Serving in many countries and theatre’s, Antwine encountered many different cultures, in various war-torn, under-developed, and impoverished communities. Earning his Masters of Science in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, his interest include other cultures, customs and traditions. His journey ignited his interest in multi-cultural counseling, community servanthood and an endeavor to bring Mental Healthcare to those who are in need of counseling services wherever he can.
(361) 264-7679 View (361) 264-7679
Photo of Patricia L Mcnaught - Family Changes Play Therapy Clinic, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, RPT-S
Family Changes Play Therapy Clinic
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, RPT-S
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Many of these result from the loss of relationships and adjustment issues related to death, divorce, stepfamilies, and adoption.
I am a Registered Play Therapist-Supervisor and Licensed Professional Counselor-Supervisor. I am extensively trained in art and sand play therapy. I was the Clinical Counseling and Program Director at the Children's Bereavement Center of South Texas for 7 years before opening my private practice in 2012.
Many of these result from the loss of relationships and adjustment issues related to death, divorce, stepfamilies, and adoption.
I am a Registered Play Therapist-Supervisor and Licensed Professional Counselor-Supervisor. I am extensively trained in art and sand play therapy. I was the Clinical Counseling and Program Director at the Children's Bereavement Center of South Texas for 7 years before opening my private practice in 2012.
(210) 417-4958 View (210) 417-4958
Photo of Brittany Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Brittany Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Brittany’s population experience includes medical psychiatric care and the provision of community mental health services to marginalized children and families in Georgia and Mississippi, including inner city work, children and families involved with foster care/legal guardianship and adoption, group home settings, and conducting court mandated mental health fitness assessments.
Brittany earned her Bachelor and Master of Social Work degrees from Belhaven University and The University of Southern Mississippi, respectively. Brittany is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and practices in both Texas and Georgia. Brittany is passionate about making mental healthcare accessible and aims to broaden her practice into additional jurisdictions
Brittany’s population experience includes medical psychiatric care and the provision of community mental health services to marginalized children and families in Georgia and Mississippi, including inner city work, children and families involved with foster care/legal guardianship and adoption, group home settings, and conducting court mandated mental health fitness assessments.
Brittany earned her Bachelor and Master of Social Work degrees from Belhaven University and The University of Southern Mississippi, respectively. Brittany is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and practices in both Texas and Georgia. Brittany is passionate about making mental healthcare accessible and aims to broaden her practice into additional jurisdictions
(817) 476-7593 View (817) 476-7593
Photo of Jenny Goldstein, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Jenny Goldstein
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
I specialize in fostering healthy relationships and communication, young adulthood, parenting, self-esteem, neurodivergence, anxiety, trauma, chronic illness, adoption and foster care, educational advocacy and accommodations, immigration, and LGBTQIA+.
Over the course of my career, I have worked with various populations of adolescent, teen, and adult clients in the mental health field. I can honestly say that I love what I do and always find a unique way to connect with each individual. I believe it is important to approach each client I meet with an intersectional and unbiased lens and to construct a treatment plan and therapy style that is in line with not just their specific mental health needs, but their personality, sense of humor, and personal values. I meet with Texas clients Monday-Thursday between 10am and 6pm.
I specialize in fostering healthy relationships and communication, young adulthood, parenting, self-esteem, neurodivergence, anxiety, trauma, chronic illness, adoption and foster care, educational advocacy and accommodations, immigration, and LGBTQIA+.
Over the course of my career, I have worked with various populations of adolescent, teen, and adult clients in the mental health field. I can honestly say that I love what I do and always find a unique way to connect with each individual. I believe it is important to approach each client I meet with an intersectional and unbiased lens and to construct a treatment plan and therapy style that is in line with not just their specific mental health needs, but their personality, sense of humor, and personal values. I meet with Texas clients Monday-Thursday between 10am and 6pm.
(512) 846-9378 View (512) 846-9378
Photo of Bret A. Moore, Psychologist, PsyD, ABPP
Bret A. Moore
Psychologist, PsyD, ABPP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
In addition to therapy, I conduct psychological evaluations for ADHD and autism as well as pre- adoption, pre-surgical, pre-employment, and personality assessments.
Many of the clients I see in my practice are those who are struggling with significant grief, loss, and trauma. A large part of my work has focused on the concept of posttraumatic growth, which is the notion that positive psychological changes can occur as a result of one’s struggle with difficult life experiences.
In addition to therapy, I conduct psychological evaluations for ADHD and autism as well as pre- adoption, pre-surgical, pre-employment, and personality assessments.
Many of the clients I see in my practice are those who are struggling with significant grief, loss, and trauma. A large part of my work has focused on the concept of posttraumatic growth, which is the notion that positive psychological changes can occur as a result of one’s struggle with difficult life experiences.
(701) 253-1348 View (701) 253-1348
Photo of Amanda Golden de Duke, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Amanda Golden de Duke
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I hold several years of experience working with children, youth, parents, and families, as well as birth mothers and families in the foster care and adoption space.
Life's challenges can feel overwhelming, especially when navigating the complex journey of motherhood or healing from your childhood. I create a nurturing space where both children & adults can feel safe, understood, & supported. Whether you're struggling with perinatal mental health concerns, postpartum adjustment, or processing difficult experiences, know that you don't have to walk this path alone. Together, we'll work at your pace to help you find healing, & an empowered sense of self. I am here to help you process, decompress, let it out, be heard without judgement, helping you figuring out where to go from here. Hablo Espanol
I hold several years of experience working with children, youth, parents, and families, as well as birth mothers and families in the foster care and adoption space.
Life's challenges can feel overwhelming, especially when navigating the complex journey of motherhood or healing from your childhood. I create a nurturing space where both children & adults can feel safe, understood, & supported. Whether you're struggling with perinatal mental health concerns, postpartum adjustment, or processing difficult experiences, know that you don't have to walk this path alone. Together, we'll work at your pace to help you find healing, & an empowered sense of self. I am here to help you process, decompress, let it out, be heard without judgement, helping you figuring out where to go from here. Hablo Espanol
(361) 428-2244 View (361) 428-2244

See more therapy options for San Antonio

Adoption Therapists

Does my adopted child need therapy?

Not every adopted child needs therapy. However, many can benefit from seeing an adoption-informed therapist, especially if they were victims of abuse or neglect, appear withdrawn or disconnected, have behavioral or developmental issues (which may or may not be related to their adoption), are struggling with feelings of grief or loss surrounding their birth parents, or find it difficult to establish an identity, a challenge that often becomes most apparent during adolescence.

When should adoptive parents seek therapy?

Prospective parents can benefit from therapy even before an adoption—for example, to voice worries and fears; to reconcile infertility struggles, if relevant; or simply to prepare themselves for parenthood. After the adoption, parents who are struggling to bond with their child; are unsure how to talk about adoption or related issues, such as race; or whose child is dealing with developmental, behavioral, or psychiatric concerns can address these and other issues with the help of an adoption-competent therapist.

Is family therapy appropriate for adoptive families?

Family therapy can be invaluable for strengthening the bond between adoptive parents and children, helping the latter feel more secure in their place in the family. Family therapy can also help adoptive families navigate complex communication issues—for example, parents who feel uncomfortable discussing race with their child, who in turn feels invalidated by their silence, or a child who has questions about his birth parents but avoids asking them out of fear of hurting his adoptive parents’ feelings.

What therapy is not appropriate for adoption issues?

A discredited therapy known as “attachment therapy” (sometimes called “holding therapy” or “rebirthing therapy”) should not be used to treat adopted and foster children, though it was largely designed for this population. Attachment therapy involves restraining, coercing, and punishing the child in order for them to “release” negative emotions and attach to their new caregivers—techniques that are abusive and dangerous and have even proven fatal in some cases.