Therapists in New Waverly, TX

Cynthia Ann Traylor
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC, CART
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Have you ever seen a turtle trying to cross a busy street, with Its head bobbing in-and-out of its shell as the cars whiz by? Well, I'm that someone who will stop their car, get out, and help that turtle cross the street without injuring itself. If you feel like that turtle, and are having a difficult time navigating your way through life, then you have come to the right place.
Have you ever seen a turtle trying to cross a busy street, with Its head bobbing in-and-out of its shell as the cars whiz by? Well, I'm that someone who will stop their car, get out, and help that turtle cross the street without injuring itself. If you feel like that turtle, and are having a difficult time navigating your way through life, then you have come to the right place.
(281) 942-4104 View (281) 942-4104
Photo of Mervin L. Cleveland Jr. - MC Counseling Service, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
MC Counseling Service
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Serves Area
In life, we all face struggles and challenges. I provide therapy for children, adolescents, adults and geriatrics to assist clients through those difficult times. I use a combination of Cognitive Behavioral and Person Centered Therapy. My goal is to provide a safe and warm environment, where my client can feel comfortable to explore the past, gain personal insight and make positive changes when necessary. When working with my clients, developing a strong working relationship is most important. I have worked with mental health clients for the past 16 years
In life, we all face struggles and challenges. I provide therapy for children, adolescents, adults and geriatrics to assist clients through those difficult times. I use a combination of Cognitive Behavioral and Person Centered Therapy. My goal is to provide a safe and warm environment, where my client can feel comfortable to explore the past, gain personal insight and make positive changes when necessary. When working with my clients, developing a strong working relationship is most important. I have worked with mental health clients for the past 16 years
(936) 909-6245 View (936) 909-6245
Photo of Candis Evans - Candis Evans, MS, LPC-A Supv. by Judy White-Jackso, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MS, LPC-A
Candis Evans, MS, LPC-A Supv. by Judy White-Jackso
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MS, LPC-A
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I’m happy you’re here and exploring your options for support. As a Licensed Professional Counselor Associate with over seven years of experience, I work with individuals navigating anxiety, depression, trauma, emotional dysregulation, and major life transitions. I care deeply about helping clients build effective coping skills, regulate emotions, and move toward meaningful personal goals. In our work together, I aim to help you understand your inner patterns and equip you with practical tools to handle life’s ups and downs with confidence.
I’m happy you’re here and exploring your options for support. As a Licensed Professional Counselor Associate with over seven years of experience, I work with individuals navigating anxiety, depression, trauma, emotional dysregulation, and major life transitions. I care deeply about helping clients build effective coping skills, regulate emotions, and move toward meaningful personal goals. In our work together, I aim to help you understand your inner patterns and equip you with practical tools to handle life’s ups and downs with confidence.
(936) 236-9235 View (936) 236-9235
Photo of Olivia Bauer, Pre-Licensed Professional
Olivia Bauer
Pre-Licensed Professional
Serves Area
Is your pre-teen or teen struggling to manage anxiety, depression, self-esteem, or difficult life transitions? Are you navigating pregnancy, postpartum changes, or the challenges of parenting? Have you experienced trauma that you’re ready to process and move beyond? If so, you are not alone—and we may be a good fit.
Is your pre-teen or teen struggling to manage anxiety, depression, self-esteem, or difficult life transitions? Are you navigating pregnancy, postpartum changes, or the challenges of parenting? Have you experienced trauma that you’re ready to process and move beyond? If so, you are not alone—and we may be a good fit.
(936) 215-8582 View (936) 215-8582

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Teresa Lynn McGrath, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Teresa Lynn McGrath
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
You may be entering a new chapter—empty nest, caregiving, health changes, or a relationship shift—and feel anxious, emotionally stuck, or unsure who you are now. Or you may be functioning well on the outside while privately feeling overwhelmed, lonely, or disconnected. I help adults calm anxiety and trauma patterns and help couples who feel far apart rebuild emotional safety, intimacy, and connection. My approach is thoughtful and evidence-informed, focused on real change rather than quick fixes. Online therapy for adults across Texas.
You may be entering a new chapter—empty nest, caregiving, health changes, or a relationship shift—and feel anxious, emotionally stuck, or unsure who you are now. Or you may be functioning well on the outside while privately feeling overwhelmed, lonely, or disconnected. I help adults calm anxiety and trauma patterns and help couples who feel far apart rebuild emotional safety, intimacy, and connection. My approach is thoughtful and evidence-informed, focused on real change rather than quick fixes. Online therapy for adults across Texas.
(281) 620-3849 View (281) 620-3849
Photo of Brittany Gilchrist, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CEDS-S
Brittany Gilchrist
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CEDS-S
2 Endorsed
The Woodlands, TX 77380
I support individuals looking to improve their relationship with food, body, their faith, their loved ones, and with themselves. I have worked in mental health and Eating Disorder care for 15 years. If you have wrestled with disordered eating, negative body image, a strong inner critic, anxiety, self-doubt, perfectionism - you have come to the right place. I also completed extra study in integrating faith and mental health concepts/practices, and can provide faith-based counseling at client request. I see ages 8 and up. My office is located in the Woodlands, Texas, and I can see individuals virtually anywhere in the state of Texas.
I support individuals looking to improve their relationship with food, body, their faith, their loved ones, and with themselves. I have worked in mental health and Eating Disorder care for 15 years. If you have wrestled with disordered eating, negative body image, a strong inner critic, anxiety, self-doubt, perfectionism - you have come to the right place. I also completed extra study in integrating faith and mental health concepts/practices, and can provide faith-based counseling at client request. I see ages 8 and up. My office is located in the Woodlands, Texas, and I can see individuals virtually anywhere in the state of Texas.
(832) 558-2541 View (832) 558-2541
Photo of Desiree C Johnson - Abundantly You, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA LPC
Abundantly You
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA LPC
Online Only
Are you feeling alone on your journey? Let me help you. I will be your guide. I will meet you where you are at and attempt to navigate this tough road with you. Together we will discover your strengths, your goals, and what your emotions are telling you. Hi, my name is Desiree and I am a licensed therapist. I have worked with many individuals, couples, and families to help them through their tough times. Together we can discuss and work through issues you are facing.
Are you feeling alone on your journey? Let me help you. I will be your guide. I will meet you where you are at and attempt to navigate this tough road with you. Together we will discover your strengths, your goals, and what your emotions are telling you. Hi, my name is Desiree and I am a licensed therapist. I have worked with many individuals, couples, and families to help them through their tough times. Together we can discuss and work through issues you are facing.
(832) 536-8110 View (832) 536-8110
Photo of Dr. Cortnee Wright, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S
Dr. Cortnee Wright
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S
5 Endorsed
The Woodlands, TX 77380
Have you experienced an event that has drastically shaken your thoughts, beliefs, feelings and relationships? Are there days that you are overcome with anxiety or experienced a loss that has robbed you of hope? Robert Frost said "the only way out is through", you do not have to go through it alone. I specialize in helping clients navigate experiences such as complex trauma, sexual assault, intimate partner violence, grief/loss, life transitions, relationship/parenting stress, and anxiety/depression. I’m especially honored to support women, veterans, first responders, and queer identifying individuals.
Have you experienced an event that has drastically shaken your thoughts, beliefs, feelings and relationships? Are there days that you are overcome with anxiety or experienced a loss that has robbed you of hope? Robert Frost said "the only way out is through", you do not have to go through it alone. I specialize in helping clients navigate experiences such as complex trauma, sexual assault, intimate partner violence, grief/loss, life transitions, relationship/parenting stress, and anxiety/depression. I’m especially honored to support women, veterans, first responders, and queer identifying individuals.
(832) 536-6710 View (832) 536-6710
Photo of Mark Steven Crowe - Summit Counseling, PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Summit Counseling, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
The Woodlands, TX 77380
I started Summit Counseling in 2015 with the goal to help more individuals, families and couples face life's struggles. With experience in both Child Protective Services and Education, I blend a unique approach to people seeking services. Over the last several years, I have helped many families in crisis, adolescents struggling with their own development and couples facing the challenges of raising children and maintaining a loving family.
I started Summit Counseling in 2015 with the goal to help more individuals, families and couples face life's struggles. With experience in both Child Protective Services and Education, I blend a unique approach to people seeking services. Over the last several years, I have helped many families in crisis, adolescents struggling with their own development and couples facing the challenges of raising children and maintaining a loving family.
(440) 647-8341 View (440) 647-8341
Photo of Leslie Rodriguez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Leslie Rodriguez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Spring, TX 77380
Howdy, I am glad you are here. I believe healing happens when the mind, heart, and spirit are all given space to be seen and supported. Many people carry the weight of trauma, anxiety, or depression while also longing for meaning, hope and peace. Therapy can be a place where both emotional healing and faith are honored, at your pace and in a way that feels safe and respectful. My approach is compassionate, trauma-informed, and collaborative. I work with individuals experiencing PTSD, anxiety and depression. Seeking help is a courageous step. You don't have to carry this alone.
Howdy, I am glad you are here. I believe healing happens when the mind, heart, and spirit are all given space to be seen and supported. Many people carry the weight of trauma, anxiety, or depression while also longing for meaning, hope and peace. Therapy can be a place where both emotional healing and faith are honored, at your pace and in a way that feels safe and respectful. My approach is compassionate, trauma-informed, and collaborative. I work with individuals experiencing PTSD, anxiety and depression. Seeking help is a courageous step. You don't have to carry this alone.
(936) 287-4959 x7760 View (936) 287-4959 x7760
Photo of Anna Littig, APRN-C, MSN, FNP
Anna Littig
Verified Verified
Spring, TX 77386
Don't settle for a generic psychiatrist for drug or alcohol issues. You deserve help that actually helps you feel happy again. (And, that's in-network with your insurance).
Don't settle for a generic psychiatrist for drug or alcohol issues. You deserve help that actually helps you feel happy again. (And, that's in-network with your insurance).
(281) 346-9445 View (281) 346-9445
Photo of Serra Green - Serra Green with Legacy Counseling, PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Serra Green with Legacy Counseling, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Magnolia, TX 77354
You don’t have to go through this alone! Life gets heavy sometimes—anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, or big life changes can leave you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or even hopeless. I want you to know that healing is possible, and you don’t have to figure it out all by yourself. I’m a Licensed Professional Counselor, and more importantly, I genuinely care about the people I work with. I walk alongside clients through the tough stuff, offering a safe, judgment-free space to be real, to be heard, and to start healing.
You don’t have to go through this alone! Life gets heavy sometimes—anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, or big life changes can leave you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or even hopeless. I want you to know that healing is possible, and you don’t have to figure it out all by yourself. I’m a Licensed Professional Counselor, and more importantly, I genuinely care about the people I work with. I walk alongside clients through the tough stuff, offering a safe, judgment-free space to be real, to be heard, and to start healing.
(832) 793-6997 View (832) 793-6997
Photo of Denzel Dionte Thompson - Rise and Shine Education & Counseling Enterprises, Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Rise and Shine Education & Counseling Enterprises
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
1 Endorsed
Conroe, TX 77304
Hello! I am Denzel Thompson, a passionate Licensed Master Social Worker dedicated to empowering individuals and families to overcome barriers and achieve emotional wellness. I am committed to promoting healing, growth, and resilience among vulnerable populations. My focus is on creating safe, supportive spaces where individuals feel seen, valued, and empowered to reach their fullest potential. I am grounded in the belief of meeting people where they are, walking alongside them in their journey, and helping to cultivate lasting change within both individual lives and communities.
Hello! I am Denzel Thompson, a passionate Licensed Master Social Worker dedicated to empowering individuals and families to overcome barriers and achieve emotional wellness. I am committed to promoting healing, growth, and resilience among vulnerable populations. My focus is on creating safe, supportive spaces where individuals feel seen, valued, and empowered to reach their fullest potential. I am grounded in the belief of meeting people where they are, walking alongside them in their journey, and helping to cultivate lasting change within both individual lives and communities.
(936) 301-5576 View (936) 301-5576
Photo of Rebecca Dolan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
Rebecca Dolan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
4 Endorsed
Magnolia, TX 77354
Waitlist for new clients
Have you always felt "different" and not known why? As a neurodivergent individual myself, I get it. I specialize in providing neurodiversity-affirming autism and ADHD assessments for individuals ages 16 to 60. My approach recognizes autism and ADHD as natural differences in brain wiring, focusing on understanding your unique strengths and challenges instead of framing your neurotype as a problem to be fixed. I also consider how autism and ADHD may present differently in women, girls, and others assigned female at birth. I am affirming of all identities and especially enjoy working with the LGBTQ+ population.
Have you always felt "different" and not known why? As a neurodivergent individual myself, I get it. I specialize in providing neurodiversity-affirming autism and ADHD assessments for individuals ages 16 to 60. My approach recognizes autism and ADHD as natural differences in brain wiring, focusing on understanding your unique strengths and challenges instead of framing your neurotype as a problem to be fixed. I also consider how autism and ADHD may present differently in women, girls, and others assigned female at birth. I am affirming of all identities and especially enjoy working with the LGBTQ+ population.
View
Photo of Jennifer Solis, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMHC, CRMT
Jennifer Solis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMHC, CRMT
Magnolia, TX 77354
I work with adults and teens and provide individual counseling. I offer both online and in person session. No matter where you are in this healing process; first time seeing a therapist or seasoned client who has already done a lot of the inner work, my door is open for you. I specifically tailor each session to what your specific needs are as my client, I do not operate from a cookie cutter model. Our work will have a balance and a flow to it meaning not every session will be the same, some sessions will have break throughs and other times we may keep it light and have a few laughs.
I work with adults and teens and provide individual counseling. I offer both online and in person session. No matter where you are in this healing process; first time seeing a therapist or seasoned client who has already done a lot of the inner work, my door is open for you. I specifically tailor each session to what your specific needs are as my client, I do not operate from a cookie cutter model. Our work will have a balance and a flow to it meaning not every session will be the same, some sessions will have break throughs and other times we may keep it light and have a few laughs.
(832) 219-7217 View (832) 219-7217
Photo of Pamela P. Mcgee, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CART
Pamela P. Mcgee
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CART
2 Endorsed
The Woodlands, TX 77380
Hello, I value your time and want to assist you with the issues holding you back from living a healthy and successful life. Family problems, social issues, and life changes are real. Relationships aren't perfect, jobs can be stressful, and problems may be tough to handle. Understand there is help, and having someone to listen to you is crucial. You can solve those problems with a therapist who respects you and wants to help empower your self-esteem, image, and interactions. We can work together to change negative thinking patterns which ultimately lead to better choices.
Hello, I value your time and want to assist you with the issues holding you back from living a healthy and successful life. Family problems, social issues, and life changes are real. Relationships aren't perfect, jobs can be stressful, and problems may be tough to handle. Understand there is help, and having someone to listen to you is crucial. You can solve those problems with a therapist who respects you and wants to help empower your self-esteem, image, and interactions. We can work together to change negative thinking patterns which ultimately lead to better choices.
(832) 706-4899 View (832) 706-4899
Photo of Jonathan Rea, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, LCDC, NCC
Jonathan Rea
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, LCDC, NCC
5 Endorsed
Conroe, TX 77301
Adults who feel outwardly “put together” yet internally struggle with shame, identity confusion, or substance use often find their way to my practice. Many are in early recovery or navigating LGBTQ+ identity development. They want to understand why they feel fragmented, disconnected, or self-critical—and are ready to go deeper, not just cope. They seek integration, authenticity, and a grounded sense of self. My work helps them access and integrate the parts of themselves that feel hidden or stuck.
Adults who feel outwardly “put together” yet internally struggle with shame, identity confusion, or substance use often find their way to my practice. Many are in early recovery or navigating LGBTQ+ identity development. They want to understand why they feel fragmented, disconnected, or self-critical—and are ready to go deeper, not just cope. They seek integration, authenticity, and a grounded sense of self. My work helps them access and integrate the parts of themselves that feel hidden or stuck.
(281) 549-8518 View (281) 549-8518
Photo of Christine Bolton, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MS, LPC-A
Christine Bolton
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MS, LPC-A
Online Only
Have you found yourself feeling lost, whether its from a relationship or just life changes? Have you stopped for a moment and realized just how intense and out of control life suddenly feels? Are you wanting to look in the mirror and accept, and maybe one day, love who's looking back? If any of these resonate with you I want to say you are NOT alone. These experiences can be incredibly isolating but I know that you know that, because you're here.
Have you found yourself feeling lost, whether its from a relationship or just life changes? Have you stopped for a moment and realized just how intense and out of control life suddenly feels? Are you wanting to look in the mirror and accept, and maybe one day, love who's looking back? If any of these resonate with you I want to say you are NOT alone. These experiences can be incredibly isolating but I know that you know that, because you're here.
(281) 789-6921 View (281) 789-6921
Photo of Kathryn Mitchell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
Kathryn Mitchell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
1 Endorsed
Spring, TX 77380
Seeking therapy is a courageous step, and I commend you for prioritizing your well-being. Whether you're healing from past traumas, managing symptoms of anxiety or depression, or simply seeking support through life's challenges, I'm here to walk alongside you on your path toward growth and transformation. Through a strengths-based perspective, we will identify your unique qualities and resources, empowering you to overcome obstacles and build resilience. I specialize in supporting: LGBTQIA+ individuals and families Depression & anxiety Trauma and PTSD Suicidal thoughts & self-harm Identity exploration and life transitions
Seeking therapy is a courageous step, and I commend you for prioritizing your well-being. Whether you're healing from past traumas, managing symptoms of anxiety or depression, or simply seeking support through life's challenges, I'm here to walk alongside you on your path toward growth and transformation. Through a strengths-based perspective, we will identify your unique qualities and resources, empowering you to overcome obstacles and build resilience. I specialize in supporting: LGBTQIA+ individuals and families Depression & anxiety Trauma and PTSD Suicidal thoughts & self-harm Identity exploration and life transitions
(936) 243-1712 View (936) 243-1712
Photo of Darlene Zavertnik, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, LPC A
Darlene Zavertnik
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, LPC A
2 Endorsed
Shenandoah, TX 77384
“Some days it is all I can do to just breathe, much less get out of bed. No one seems to understand what I am going through, and I have lost sight of myself.” If you have said these things or have these thoughts, you are not alone. Life is full of ups, downs, twists, and turns. It tends to create challenges that may seem impossible to overcome and leave you struggling. Life struggles can have an impact on the way you perceive yourself and/or the world. You don’t have to work through these challenges alone.
“Some days it is all I can do to just breathe, much less get out of bed. No one seems to understand what I am going through, and I have lost sight of myself.” If you have said these things or have these thoughts, you are not alone. Life is full of ups, downs, twists, and turns. It tends to create challenges that may seem impossible to overcome and leave you struggling. Life struggles can have an impact on the way you perceive yourself and/or the world. You don’t have to work through these challenges alone.
(936) 209-7763 View (936) 209-7763

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New Waverly, TX

< 10

Therapists in New Waverly, TX who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Grief
100% Trauma and PTSD
100% Self Esteem
75% Relationship Issues
75% Bipolar Disorder

Average years in practice

19 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Cigna and Evernorth
67% Aetna

How Therapists in New Waverly, TX see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
25% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New Waverly?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.