Therapists in Medina, TX

Photo of Alyssa Ganev, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Alyssa Ganev
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I believe that each person is the expert of their own experience, and my role as a therapist is to be a compassionate, supportive guide throughout the healing process! My goal is to create a safe and affirming space where children, teens, and adults, including those within the LGBTQIA+ community, can feel seen, supported, and empowered as they navigate life’s challenges.
I believe that each person is the expert of their own experience, and my role as a therapist is to be a compassionate, supportive guide throughout the healing process! My goal is to create a safe and affirming space where children, teens, and adults, including those within the LGBTQIA+ community, can feel seen, supported, and empowered as they navigate life’s challenges.
(210) 899-0854 View (210) 899-0854
Omni Layne Counseling, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCSW, LMFT
Serves Area
"Our primary focus is Client centered. We believe Counseling is about the Client and not the Counselor. We help Clients develop skills collaboratively to alleviate anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, and other symptoms. Omni Layne Counseling has both male and female counselors".
"Our primary focus is Client centered. We believe Counseling is about the Client and not the Counselor. We help Clients develop skills collaboratively to alleviate anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, and other symptoms. Omni Layne Counseling has both male and female counselors".
(210) 774-6840 View (210) 774-6840
Photo of Aaron Cobarruvias - The Counseling Centers at PCHAS - San Antonio, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S
The Counseling Centers at PCHAS - San Antonio
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S
Serves Area
We offer In Person and Virtual appointments for Children, Teens, Adults, and Families. Our licensed therapists can help you with issues like: Adoption or Foster Care Experiences · Anxiety or Depression · Infertility, Grief and Loss · Parenting Challenges · Relationship Concerns · Stress · Traumatic Events · and more... Problems rarely just go away on their own, and it feels exhausting to be stuck. You shouldn't have to live like that. To find relief, schedule an appointment, work with your therapist, and move forward with confidence. Offices: San Antonio, Cypress, and Waxahachie, Texas and Farmington, Missouri
We offer In Person and Virtual appointments for Children, Teens, Adults, and Families. Our licensed therapists can help you with issues like: Adoption or Foster Care Experiences · Anxiety or Depression · Infertility, Grief and Loss · Parenting Challenges · Relationship Concerns · Stress · Traumatic Events · and more... Problems rarely just go away on their own, and it feels exhausting to be stuck. You shouldn't have to live like that. To find relief, schedule an appointment, work with your therapist, and move forward with confidence. Offices: San Antonio, Cypress, and Waxahachie, Texas and Farmington, Missouri
(210) 941-1586 View (210) 941-1586

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Sydney Loza, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Sydney Loza
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
My approach is providing "physical therapy for the mind." We periodically experience emotional injuries that make it difficult to move forward - taking forms such as anxiety, depression, or PTSD. Further, some find talk therapy difficult, but still need support for mental health challenges. This is why I provide cutting edge treatment with IASIS Microcurrent Neurofeedback. It allows you to passively enjoy the benefits of having a regulated brain and body without jumping into intense talk therapy first. This fits any life stage or personality.
My approach is providing "physical therapy for the mind." We periodically experience emotional injuries that make it difficult to move forward - taking forms such as anxiety, depression, or PTSD. Further, some find talk therapy difficult, but still need support for mental health challenges. This is why I provide cutting edge treatment with IASIS Microcurrent Neurofeedback. It allows you to passively enjoy the benefits of having a regulated brain and body without jumping into intense talk therapy first. This fits any life stage or personality.
(806) 454-5169 View (806) 454-5169
Photo of Meghan von Linden - Live Lighter LLC, Clinical Psychologist, Psychologist, PhD
Live Lighter LLC, Clinical Psychologist
Psychologist, PhD
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Life isn’t always what we expected it would be. We may struggle to make sense of what has happened - or is happening – to and around us. I have never believed it my place to tell you what to do in your life nor will I claim to have all the answers. I am however exceptionally confident, as those who have come before you have taught me, that you have the answers you seek. It is my responsibility to help you find them and begin living fully again or perhaps even for the first time.
Life isn’t always what we expected it would be. We may struggle to make sense of what has happened - or is happening – to and around us. I have never believed it my place to tell you what to do in your life nor will I claim to have all the answers. I am however exceptionally confident, as those who have come before you have taught me, that you have the answers you seek. It is my responsibility to help you find them and begin living fully again or perhaps even for the first time.
(830) 283-5108 View (830) 283-5108
Photo of Katherine M Rose, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Katherine M Rose
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Online Only
It takes consistent tenacity to function in this post-pandemic world. Do you feel worn down, unmotivated and irritable? Do you find yourself endlessly searching for energy, companionship and peace through 30 second videos on social media? Do miss the deep connection to yourself, loved ones and purpose in life? It is time to use that grit to focus on what you possess that can rekindle active participation in this life, to bask in the moments of joy that appear throughout each day, to embrace new experiences as opportunities for growth and healing.
It takes consistent tenacity to function in this post-pandemic world. Do you feel worn down, unmotivated and irritable? Do you find yourself endlessly searching for energy, companionship and peace through 30 second videos on social media? Do miss the deep connection to yourself, loved ones and purpose in life? It is time to use that grit to focus on what you possess that can rekindle active participation in this life, to bask in the moments of joy that appear throughout each day, to embrace new experiences as opportunities for growth and healing.
(210) 978-0979 View (210) 978-0979
Photo of Eric R Cardwell, Psychologist, PhD
Eric R Cardwell
Psychologist, PhD
4 Endorsed
Kerrville, TX 78028
As a psychologist, I strive to develop relationships with people that will allow them to make changes in their lives as quickly as possible. I believe that each one of us is in charge of the story of our lives and because of this we have the power to change our lives for the better. Through a gentle, firm, and compassionate approach you will find resolution to life's challenges in a way that will bring peace,support, understanding,and direction.
As a psychologist, I strive to develop relationships with people that will allow them to make changes in their lives as quickly as possible. I believe that each one of us is in charge of the story of our lives and because of this we have the power to change our lives for the better. Through a gentle, firm, and compassionate approach you will find resolution to life's challenges in a way that will bring peace,support, understanding,and direction.
(830) 446-3949 View (830) 446-3949
Photo of Ron Rickerhauser - Ron Rickerhauser, Ph.D., LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, MA, LPC
Ron Rickerhauser, Ph.D., LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I enjoy helping my clients work toward change when dealing with difficult situations. My training and education have given me an understanding of cognition, memory, and learning, which directs me to favor a cognitive-behavioral approach (CBT) to counseling. CBT is based on the idea that perceptual beliefs greatly influence our behavior and emotions. I believe that effective change can be facilitated through a better understanding of how we perceive our situations.
I enjoy helping my clients work toward change when dealing with difficult situations. My training and education have given me an understanding of cognition, memory, and learning, which directs me to favor a cognitive-behavioral approach (CBT) to counseling. CBT is based on the idea that perceptual beliefs greatly influence our behavior and emotions. I believe that effective change can be facilitated through a better understanding of how we perceive our situations.
(830) 224-2813 View (830) 224-2813
Photo of Kevin John Jones, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Kevin John Jones
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I work with adults who are struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, or major life changes. Life can become difficult at certain times, and problems may appear suddenly or return in a new way. You may find yourself sleeping poorly, worrying more, losing confidence, or feeling that life no longer has the same meaning or direction. Therapy can help you slow things down, understand what is happening, and begin to find steadier ground. I offer a thoughtful, nonjudgmental space, using targeted and evidence-based approaches, to help you work through painful experiences and move forward with greater clarity.
I work with adults who are struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, or major life changes. Life can become difficult at certain times, and problems may appear suddenly or return in a new way. You may find yourself sleeping poorly, worrying more, losing confidence, or feeling that life no longer has the same meaning or direction. Therapy can help you slow things down, understand what is happening, and begin to find steadier ground. I offer a thoughtful, nonjudgmental space, using targeted and evidence-based approaches, to help you work through painful experiences and move forward with greater clarity.
(830) 244-5766 View (830) 244-5766
Photo of Adam Roark Cobb, Psychologist, PhD, MA
Adam Roark Cobb
Psychologist, PhD, MA
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
My clinical and research expertise includes the range of anxiety and stress-related disorders, especially PTSD, OCD, panic, social anxiety, and generalized anxiety. My approach is non-judgmental, compassionate, caring, and fundamentally science-based. I have extensive training and experience working with clients and their families across the lifespan, including children, adolescents, adults, and Veterans. I am also well-versed in delivering several gold-standard CBT and exposure-based treatments. I view meaningful connections and delivering evidence-based treatments as the most important factors that drive therapeutic change.
My clinical and research expertise includes the range of anxiety and stress-related disorders, especially PTSD, OCD, panic, social anxiety, and generalized anxiety. My approach is non-judgmental, compassionate, caring, and fundamentally science-based. I have extensive training and experience working with clients and their families across the lifespan, including children, adolescents, adults, and Veterans. I am also well-versed in delivering several gold-standard CBT and exposure-based treatments. I view meaningful connections and delivering evidence-based treatments as the most important factors that drive therapeutic change.
(512) 877-5986 View (512) 877-5986
Photo of Christine F Miller - Christian Counseling Center Boerne, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA, NCC
Christian Counseling Center Boerne
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA, NCC
Serves Area
Is emotional pain, anxiety, depression, or lack of focus interfering with your personal fulfillment? Life may have given you trauma, but together we can create a new and better direction. Difficult relationships, grief, unwanted or racing thoughts, cause panic attacks, sleeplessness, fears, anger, or addictions. As an experienced counselor and retired school teacher, I am trained to address these symptoms using EMDR, Prayer, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, and more. Whether it's in my office in Boerne or online, Therapy can be the key in opening new doors for you.
Is emotional pain, anxiety, depression, or lack of focus interfering with your personal fulfillment? Life may have given you trauma, but together we can create a new and better direction. Difficult relationships, grief, unwanted or racing thoughts, cause panic attacks, sleeplessness, fears, anger, or addictions. As an experienced counselor and retired school teacher, I am trained to address these symptoms using EMDR, Prayer, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, and more. Whether it's in my office in Boerne or online, Therapy can be the key in opening new doors for you.
(830) 224-2822 View (830) 224-2822
Photo of Christopher Loup, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Christopher Loup
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
1 Endorsed
Kerrville, TX 78028
Life can be challenging when issues pop up and you run out of ways to cope. Sometimes the route to happiness is short and simple. Sometimes it takes work to achieve peace of mind. Learning coping skills or thought replacements are just a few ways to help clients move into a better headspace.
Life can be challenging when issues pop up and you run out of ways to cope. Sometimes the route to happiness is short and simple. Sometimes it takes work to achieve peace of mind. Learning coping skills or thought replacements are just a few ways to help clients move into a better headspace.
(830) 971-0644 View (830) 971-0644
Photo of Karla Pantoja, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Karla Pantoja
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in Texas with experience providing trauma-informed mental health services to children, adolescents, and adults in community, residential, and telehealth settings. I earned my Bachelor of Social Work and Master of Science in Social Work from The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley. Growing up in South Texas and being bilingual in English and Spanish inspired my passion for providing culturally responsive care. My approach to therapy is compassionate, collaborative, and client-centered, with a focus on helping individuals and families feel supported, empowered, and safe.
I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in Texas with experience providing trauma-informed mental health services to children, adolescents, and adults in community, residential, and telehealth settings. I earned my Bachelor of Social Work and Master of Science in Social Work from The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley. Growing up in South Texas and being bilingual in English and Spanish inspired my passion for providing culturally responsive care. My approach to therapy is compassionate, collaborative, and client-centered, with a focus on helping individuals and families feel supported, empowered, and safe.
(956) 539-3081 View (956) 539-3081
Photo of Julianna Height - Intimate Possibilities, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Intimate Possibilities, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Online Only
My mission is to empower adults navigating Intimacy Challenges, including: Sex/Porn Addiction, Erectile Disorder, Premature Ejaculation, Anorgasmia (Difficulty Reaching Orgasm), or just needing a bit more spark in the bedroom. I envision a world where every person experiences sexuality as a source of strength, connection, and joy without the stigmas of shame, secrecy, or dysfunction. Through therapy, I would like to normalize honest conversations about sexual health, intimacy and inspire my clients to celebrate pleasure as an essential part of their well-being. If you are ready, contact me for a free consultation to get started!
My mission is to empower adults navigating Intimacy Challenges, including: Sex/Porn Addiction, Erectile Disorder, Premature Ejaculation, Anorgasmia (Difficulty Reaching Orgasm), or just needing a bit more spark in the bedroom. I envision a world where every person experiences sexuality as a source of strength, connection, and joy without the stigmas of shame, secrecy, or dysfunction. Through therapy, I would like to normalize honest conversations about sexual health, intimacy and inspire my clients to celebrate pleasure as an essential part of their well-being. If you are ready, contact me for a free consultation to get started!
(210) 796-8111 View (210) 796-8111
Photo of Rhonda LeAnne Hoover - Rhonda Hoover, LPC-A @ Evolve Psychiatry, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-A, LCDC
Rhonda Hoover, LPC-A @ Evolve Psychiatry
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-A, LCDC
Kerrville, TX 78028
Are you caught between emotional pain and substance use, feeling like one keeps feeding the other with no clear way out? Whether you're navigating addiction, mood challenges, or the complicated place where both meet, you deserve care that sees the whole picture — not just one piece of it. Recovery isn't only about stopping something. It's about building a life that makes stopping possible.
Are you caught between emotional pain and substance use, feeling like one keeps feeding the other with no clear way out? Whether you're navigating addiction, mood challenges, or the complicated place where both meet, you deserve care that sees the whole picture — not just one piece of it. Recovery isn't only about stopping something. It's about building a life that makes stopping possible.
(830) 355-0373 View (830) 355-0373
Photo of Maureen Ann Jones, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S, RPT-S
Maureen Ann Jones
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S, RPT-S
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
I specialize in working with codependent women and men. Codependency is not always related to addiction, it is often referred to as a self-love deficit disorder because most codependent clients have a difficult time identifying and focusing on their own needs. They often spend a lifetime being people-pleasers, but eventually feel anger and resentment for neglecting themselves and not receiving the appreciation/love they desire from others. Breaking free from codependency requires individuals to step away from their denial, to honor themselves, and to set boundaries. Then they can love and nurture others in a healthy manner.
I specialize in working with codependent women and men. Codependency is not always related to addiction, it is often referred to as a self-love deficit disorder because most codependent clients have a difficult time identifying and focusing on their own needs. They often spend a lifetime being people-pleasers, but eventually feel anger and resentment for neglecting themselves and not receiving the appreciation/love they desire from others. Breaking free from codependency requires individuals to step away from their denial, to honor themselves, and to set boundaries. Then they can love and nurture others in a healthy manner.
(210) 900-3096 View (210) 900-3096
Photo of Kathleen Pederson, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Kathleen Pederson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Kerrville, TX 78028
I do in person and video/online counseling. My experience has included work with individuals, couples and families in a clinic setting I have experience working with issues such as depression, anxiety, stress management, trauma, relationship issues, infidelity, anger management, ADHD, and PTSD.
I do in person and video/online counseling. My experience has included work with individuals, couples and families in a clinic setting I have experience working with issues such as depression, anxiety, stress management, trauma, relationship issues, infidelity, anger management, ADHD, and PTSD.
(830) 264-7968 View (830) 264-7968
Photo of Amanda Franks, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MA, LPC-A
Amanda Franks
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MA, LPC-A
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am a licensed counselor associate, supervised by Jenny Gagnon, M.Ed, LPC-S. My mission is to help you experience healing and freedom from the hardships that life throws at us. You are not alone. We all experience grief, trauma, stress, and other hardships. My goal is to provide a supportive, compassionate space where you can explore your concerns, build on your strengths, and work toward the life you want to create. I would be honored to walk alongside you on your journey toward healing and growth. I am currently seeing preteens, teens, young adults, and adults.
I am a licensed counselor associate, supervised by Jenny Gagnon, M.Ed, LPC-S. My mission is to help you experience healing and freedom from the hardships that life throws at us. You are not alone. We all experience grief, trauma, stress, and other hardships. My goal is to provide a supportive, compassionate space where you can explore your concerns, build on your strengths, and work toward the life you want to create. I would be honored to walk alongside you on your journey toward healing and growth. I am currently seeing preteens, teens, young adults, and adults.
(972) 576-7788 View (972) 576-7788
Photo of Christine Elizabeth Chandler, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Christine Elizabeth Chandler
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
4 Endorsed
Online Only
Book with me now by clicking on my website. I understand that clients are experts in their own lives, but sometimes they need help with unwanted thoughts, symptoms, or behaviors. Reaching out for help can be difficult for all kinds of reasons. I want to reassure you with words from Brené Brown "We don't have to do all of it alone. We were never meant to." I want to help you work on becoming the best version of yourself. Loneliness, social anxiety, and just dealing with a constantly changing world can sometimes make anyone feel out of control. I want to help give you back that feeling of being in control of your life.
Book with me now by clicking on my website. I understand that clients are experts in their own lives, but sometimes they need help with unwanted thoughts, symptoms, or behaviors. Reaching out for help can be difficult for all kinds of reasons. I want to reassure you with words from Brené Brown "We don't have to do all of it alone. We were never meant to." I want to help you work on becoming the best version of yourself. Loneliness, social anxiety, and just dealing with a constantly changing world can sometimes make anyone feel out of control. I want to help give you back that feeling of being in control of your life.
(830) 293-3808 View (830) 293-3808
Photo of Arlene Bess - Essential Mental Wellness, PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Essential Mental Wellness, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Serves Area
Are you feeling anxious? Do you feel depressed or dissatisfied with your life? You don't have to go through this alone, call us today. Our goal is to facilitate positive changes in individuals, couples and families by utilizing a comprehensive treatment approach to assist individuals in enhancing their quality of life. By creating a safe, compassionate, and caring environment, we act as a guide in empowering clients to make the best decisions for their personal, professional, and family life. From assessment to counseling, our professionals work in collaboration with clients to provide the tools necessary to achieve and sustain essential wellness.
Are you feeling anxious? Do you feel depressed or dissatisfied with your life? You don't have to go through this alone, call us today. Our goal is to facilitate positive changes in individuals, couples and families by utilizing a comprehensive treatment approach to assist individuals in enhancing their quality of life. By creating a safe, compassionate, and caring environment, we act as a guide in empowering clients to make the best decisions for their personal, professional, and family life. From assessment to counseling, our professionals work in collaboration with clients to provide the tools necessary to achieve and sustain essential wellness.
(830) 469-3383 View (830) 469-3383

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Medina, TX

< 10

Therapists in Medina, TX who prioritize treating:

100% ADHD
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Grief
100% Trauma and PTSD
100% Behavioral Issues
100% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

23 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
67% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Medina, TX see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

34% Female
33% Male
33% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Medina?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.